内蒙古梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩中早二叠世埃达克岩与古亚洲洋东段洋内俯冲

贺根山缝合带东部晚石炭世梅劳特乌拉SSZ型蛇绿岩中的埃达克岩,岩性为安山岩和英安岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,埃达克岩的形成时间为294.1±2.2 Ma,时代为早二叠世。地球化学特征显示,该埃达克岩属于低钾拉斑系列和中钾钙碱性岩石,具有高硅(Si O_2=64.12%～69.12%)、高铝(Al_2O_3=16.05%～18.59%)、富钠贫钾(Na_2O=5.08%～6.80%,K_2O=0.70%～1.22%,Na_2O/K_2O=4.50～7.26)、高Sr (291.22×10~(-6)～762.20×10~(-6)),低Yb (0.74×10~(-6)～1.28×10~(-6))、低Y(7.33×10~(-6)～12.74×10~(-6))等特征。相对富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb和Sr),亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti和P),稀土元素总量较低(40.97×10~(-6)～108.69×10~(-6)),贫重稀土元素,无明显的负Eu异常,为典型的埃达克岩。梅劳特乌拉埃达克岩形成于俯冲带岛弧环境,可能为俯冲洋壳部分熔融而形成的埃达克质熔体,经俯冲带上升过程中与地幔楔橄榄岩发生相互作用而形成。埃达克岩和梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩(308 Ma)的蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩、层状-块状辉长岩、枕状拉斑玄武岩、玻安岩、富Nb玄武岩和高镁安山岩等构成洋内初始俯冲作用形成的较丰富且完整的岩石组合序列。研究结果表明,晚石炭世—早二叠世古亚洲洋东段开启了洋内初始俯冲作用。     

云南凤庆邦漂地区花岗伟晶岩地球化学及其成因北大核心CSCD

滇西凤庆邦漂地区发育大量花岗伟晶岩脉,为揭示花岗伟晶岩脉群的成因和地球动力学背景,对其进行了全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。伟晶岩样品具高硅(w(SiO_(2))=74.2%~78.6%,平均75.7%)、富碱(w(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)=7.63%~11.11%,平均9.03%)、低镁值(Mg^(#)=16.6~39.0,平均28.6)、弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.85~1.12,平均1.01)特征,属弱过铝质高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列。样品具低固结指数(SI=0.44~1.02),高分异指数(DI=95.1~97.3),w(Ba)(18.600×10^(-6)~99.300×10^(-6))、w(Sr)(6.200×10^(-6)~13.200×10^(-6))、w(Ti)(42.430×10^(-6)~106.140×10^(-6))、w(Eu)(0.023×10^(-6)~0.065×10^(-6))元素负异常,Nb/Ta(3.48~10.37)、Zr/Hf(13.18~30.06)值明显低于球粒陨石和大陆地壳的相应比值特征,指示岩浆演化高分异特性;样品富含过铝质矿物白云母,弱过铝质和偏低的锆石饱和温度(平均666℃),总体与S型花岗岩特征吻合,综合表明其属高分异S型花岗岩。花岗伟晶岩结晶年龄为221.4±1.9 Ma,略晚于三叠纪花岗岩成岩年龄(239~224 Ma),与岩浆演化顺序一致;二者微量元素配分曲线相似,Ba,Sr和Eu亏损,在w(Zr)-w(Hf)图上呈线性正相关关系,反映二者存有亲缘关系。综上认为,花岗伟晶岩是三叠纪花岗岩晚期岩浆热液高度结晶分异的结果,起源于古元古代地壳(富黏土泥质岩)的部分熔融,形成于晚三叠世保山—思茅地块后碰撞阶段。     

甘肃北山南带沙枣园复式岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

北山南带沙枣园复式岩体由中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩、中粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩4个岩相单元组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩侵位于晚二叠世(252.1±1.9Ma、252.2±2.1Ma和248.8±3.5Ma),为海西晚期的产物;而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩侵位于早三叠世(246.4±2.0Ma),为印支早期的产物。该花岗质岩石均具有稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈右倾型,轻重稀土分馏大,轻稀土富集且分异明显,而重稀土亏损且分异不显著特征。中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩和细粒黑云母石英闪长岩具有较高的SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Na_2O含量,以及较低的MgO含量,强烈富集Sr而亏损Yb和Y,具轻微的铕异常(δEu=0.75～1.16),表现出典型的埃达克岩特征;中粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩总体富硅(SiO_2)、富钾(K_2O)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O),Al_2O_3含量中等,铕分别呈现负异常(δEu=0.45～0.73)和强负异常(δEu=0.02～0.08)。年代学及地球化学特征研究表明:①中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩和细粒黑云母石英闪长岩属准铝质-弱过铝质的钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,并具有典型的埃达克岩特征,中粒黑云母二长花岗岩属弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩属弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性A2型花岗岩;②中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩的岩浆来源于下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融源区,并在上升过程中混染了下地壳物质,而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩的岩浆来源于年轻地壳中富含黑云母的变质泥岩部分熔融源区;③中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、细粒黑云母石英闪长岩和中粒黑云母二长花岗岩是俯冲-碰撞构造背景条件下的岩浆产物,而中粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩是同碰撞-碰撞后构造背景条件下的岩浆产物。     

武夷山中段司前花岗岩体形成时代、地球化学特征及地质意义

本文对武夷山中段的司前岩体进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学、年代学及Lu-Hf同位素研究。结果表明,司前岩体形成于(140±1)Ma,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成,富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=6.67 wt%~8.25 wt%),富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.16~2.41),A/CNK值介于1.01~1.25之间。岩体具有较高的∑REE(177.73×10~(-6)~427.88×10~(-6))、Zr+Nb+Y+Ce含量(262.6×10~(-6)~581.5×10~(-6))和Zr饱和温度(平均824°C),FeOt/MgO(3.06~3.93)和10 000×Ga/Al(2.64~3.28)比值均较高,属典型的铝质-过铝质A型花岗岩。岩体的锆石εHf(t)值均为负值(–18.6~–7.9),暗示其源于古老的地壳物质重熔。综合上述结果和区域背景推测,司前岩体的源岩为新元古代麻源群变质火山-碎屑岩,源岩可能经历早古生代和白垩纪两期熔融事件,地幔岩浆为花岗岩的形成提供了热源,但并未贡献物质,岩体的形成与古太平洋板块俯冲过程中因俯冲板片后撤诱发的弧后扩张作用有关。     

甘肃北山牛圈子地区志留纪骆驼圈西岩体的岩石成因及构造意义

北山牛圈子地区的骆驼圈西埃达克岩为过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列,具有高的SiO_2(57.94%)、Al_2O_3(16.66%)和低的MgO(4.32%)含量,较高的Na_2O/K_2O比值(3.13),显示富钠的特征;而在微量元素上,高Sr(589×10~(-6)~1170×10~(-6)),低Y(4.60×10~(-6)~13.90×10~(-6))和Yb(0.43×10~(-6)~1.32×10~(-6));轻重稀土分异明显(La/Dy)N=4.60~13.87、(La/Yb)N=7.17~20.58,Eu异常不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.85~1.32);富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,而亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti和重稀土HREE,与世界上典型的俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩特征相似。结合区域上埃达克岩的研究成果和岀露的构造位置,以及与牛圈子蛇绿岩的关系,认为骆驼圈西埃达克岩是志留纪(U-Pb年龄为428.9 Ma)时期热的洋壳向公婆泉—东七一山早古生代活动陆缘带俯冲过程中部分熔融的产物。对该岩体的研究,为进一步研究北山造山带早古生代北山洋盆闭合和晚古生代北山洋盆重新裂开提供新的依据。     

医巫闾山变质核杂岩核部晚中生代花岗岩成因及地质意义

位于华北克拉通北缘的医巫闾山变质核杂岩是中生代东北亚大陆大规模伸展变形的一个代表。本文在系统收集该区已有数据的基础上,对医巫闾山变质核杂岩核部晚中生代花岗岩的主量元素、微量元素以及Sr-Nd同位素进行了测试分析和特征总结,进而讨论其成因及地质意义。研究结果显示,医巫闾山花岗岩主要为一套由黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩等组成的杂岩体,总体上富硅(SiO_2=61.17%～75.21%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.34%～9.03%),呈准铝质-过铝质(A/CNK=0.96～1.08),属于高钾钙碱性,与I型花岗岩特征相一致;大部分花岗岩具有弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.71～1.63),富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和重稀土元素,高Sr(308×10~(-6)～1 414×10~(-6),平均709×10~(-6)),低Y(3.17×10~(-6)～13.30×10~(-6),平均7.86×10~(-6))和Yb (0.45×10~(-6)～1.32×10~(-6),平均0.78×10~(-6)),具有埃达克质岩的特征;同位素分析结果显示,早期同侵位花岗岩具有变化较大的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i值(0.695 966～0.707 869)和较低的εNd(t)值(-21.72～-18.32),表明其物源为古老地壳,应是加厚下地壳在区域伸展减压背景下部分熔融的产物,晚期变形后侵位花岗岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i值为0.705 909～0.706 774,_εNd(t)值为-20.60～-16.99,与晚中生代华北克拉通伸展减薄相关。     

内蒙古东乌旗巴彦都兰铜矿床地质和地球化学特征及其意义

内蒙古巴彦都兰铜矿床位于二连—东乌旗成矿带,该矿区出露下泥盆统泥鳅河组粉砂岩和海西中期黑云母花岗岩体,铜矿体呈脉状产出于泥鳅河组粉砂岩中,严格受断裂控制。主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英和碳酸盐岩等。矿区黑云母花岗岩La-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238) U加权平均年龄为303.5 Ma±1.1 Ma,铜矿床属于晚古生代构造-岩浆作用的产物。岩石地球化学特征反映黑云母花岗岩属准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK值介于0.99~1.04之间,高碱(w(K_2O+Na_2O)=7.36%~8.73%),富钾(w(K_2O)/w(Na_2O)=1.08~1.66),其形成具有岛弧或后碰撞环境I型花岗岩特征;微量元素特征显示岩体可能形成于后碰撞伸展阶段早期的构造环境中。黄铜矿硫同位素组成介于0.1×10~(-3)~2.1×10~(-3)之间,反映成矿所需的硫可能来自于岩浆,巴彦都兰铜矿区花岗岩很可能是成矿硫的提供者。     

北祁连山东段银硐粱早古生代高镁埃达克岩：地球动力学及成矿意义

银硐粱早古生代花岗闪长岩分布在北祁连造山带东段屈吴山地区,侵入于原阴沟群和前寒武纪变质岩系中。它与米家山、扁强沟、清凹山以及南华山花岗岩类共同构成长约220千米的构造—花岗岩带,沿 NW-NWW 向展布。地球化学研究结果表明,银硐粱花岗闪长岩具有典型的高镁埃达克岩的地球化学特征,它们具有富 Na 贫 K,SiO_2>56%,Al_2O_3>15%,Na_2O>4.0%(4.51%～4.92%),K_2O(1.96～2.77%),Na_2O/K_2O=1.63～2.40,属钙碱性侵入岩;高 Sr(599～691×10~(-6)),低 Y(6.3～8.1×10~(-6)),Sr/Y>40(81～94),Y/Yb>10(Yb<1.9×10~(-6)),La/Yh>20(22～45)以及相对于典型的埃达克岩,具有更高的 Mg~#(58～64,平均59)和相容元素 Ni(31～38×10~(-6))和 Cr(35～43×10~(-6))含量;富集轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损重稀土元素(HREE),(La/Yb)_N>10(16～32),轻微负 Eu 异常(Eu/Eu*平均为0.94),∑REE(85～112)×10~(-6);微量元素蛛网图显示,岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr),Nb-Ta 和 Ti 负异常,相对于 Ce 和 Nd,Sr 为正异常。由于银硐粱高镁埃达克岩是俯冲洋壳部分熔融的产物,因此,它的存在表明,老虎山弧后洋盆在早古生代早期发生了向北的俯冲作用。银硐粱 Cu-Au 成矿作用与高镁埃达克岩关系密切,表明在北祁连构造带东段寻找与埃达克岩有关的 Cu-Au 矿床是一个新的找矿思路。     

四川盐源西范坪斑岩铜矿石英二长斑岩锆石U-Pb同位素定年及其意义

四川盐源西范坪斑岩铜矿处于扬子地块西缘,靠近盐源-丽江坳陷带与甘孜-理塘缝合带的结合部位,该矿区侵入岩体主要为石英二长斑岩组成。西范坪铜矿石英二长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(100.8±0.7)Ma(MSWD=0.2),表明了斑岩侵位时代为早白垩世。石英二长斑岩富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P),LREE富集、HREE亏损,为高钾准铝质花岗岩。w(Si O2)为64.06%~65.24%,具有高w(Al_2O3)(15.58%~16.55%)、w(Sr)(719×10~(-6)~1221×10~(-6))及Sr/Y比值(49.2~82.5),低w(MgO)(1.30%~1.63%)、w(Yb)(1.08×10~(-6)~1.55×10~(-6))及w(Y)(13.7×10~(-6)~14.8×10~(-6)),Eu异常(0.83~0.90)不明显,轻重稀土分异明显((La/Yb)N=29.94~52.14),具有埃达克岩特征。西范坪埃达克岩富钾贫钠(K_2O/Na_2O=0.78~2.44),低Cr、Ni,高Th、Th/U以及相对低的Sr/Y等特征,表明其为加厚下地壳部分熔融形成。西范坪早白垩世(100.8Ma)地壳增厚作用可能受控于甘孜-理塘洋闭合后的造山运动,该斑岩体为印支期褶皱造山后(200 Ma),喜马拉雅期碰撞造山之前(65 Ma),陆内由挤压向伸展转换期岩浆作用的产物。     

兴安地块南段晚泥盆世包格德岩体时代的厘定及地质意义

中亚造山带东端兴安地块南段的包格德岩体由石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩3种岩性组成,岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果分别为368±1 Ma、364±1 Ma、355±1 Ma,为晚泥盆-早石炭世岩浆活动的产物;岩体的(Na_2O+K_2O)含量为7.62%～8.82%,K_2O/Na_2O值为0.93～4.21,具有富碱且相对富钾的特点,A/CNK为0.95～1.20,以准铝质-弱过铝质为主,成因上为高钾钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩;岩体具有偏低的稀土元素总量(83.60×10~(-6)～163.40×10~(-6)),中等的铕负异常(δEu=0.34～0.78),相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K)及轻稀土元素,不同程度亏损Ba、Sr、Ti及P等元素;岩体形成于活动大陆边缘弧的伸展环境,与古亚洲洋的演化有关。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Total mercury and monomethylmercury in water, sediments, and hydrophytes from the rivers, estuary, and bay along the Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China

Mercury contamination in aquatic environments is of worldwide concern because of its high biomagnification factor in food chains and long-range transport. The rivers, estuary and the bay along the northwestern Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China have been heavily contaminated by Hg due to long-term Zn smelting and chlor-alkali production. This work investigated the distributions of total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the water, sediment and hydrophytes from this area. Concentrations of THg in sediment (0.5–64 mg kg⁻¹) and water (39–2700 ng L⁻¹) were elevated by 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to background concentrations, which induced high concentrations of MMHg in these media. The highest concentration of MMHg in sediment reached 35 μg kg⁻¹, which was comparable to that in the Hg mining area, Wanshan, China, and the highest MMHg concentration of 3.0 ng L⁻¹ in the water sample exceeded the MMHg Chinese drinking water guideline of 1.0 ng L⁻¹. Concentrations of THg in a sediment profile from Jinzhou Bay were found to be consistent with annual Hg emission flux from a local Zn smelter (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), indicating that Hg contamination was mainly caused by Zn smelting locally. For some freshwater hydrophytes, concentrations of THg and MMHg ranged from 5.2 to 100 μg kg⁻¹ and 0.15 to 12 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Compared to sediment, concentrations of THg in hydrophytes were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower but MMHg was comparable or higher, indicating that the bioaccumulation in plants was distinct for the two Hg species studied. The data suggest that a significant load of Hg has been released into the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea.     

Metals,arsenic, and sulfur in the Aue and Eibenstock granites,Erzgebirge

Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and other metals, as well as S and As, were calculated for the Aue granitic cupola, the contact aureole of which hosts the large vein-type uranium deposit of Schlema-Alberoda and the Schneeberg uranium-base metal deposit (Erzgebirge, Germany). The cupola was exposed by mine workings and boreholes, which provided an opportunity to evaluate variations in the abundances of metals in the granites over a vertical interval of more than 2.5 km and estimate their losses in the upper oxidized part of the investigated volume of the cupola (coefficient of iron oxidation, KO _Fe, increases in the granites from bottom to top from 7 to 70%) compared with the lower unaltered and unoxidized part (with a KO _Fe plateau at about 5%). The average concentrations of metals in the upper part of the cupola are lower than those in the lower part by a factor of 2.5 for Pb, 1.56 for Zn, 1.45 for Cu, 1.3 for Co, etc. A similar decrease in the abundances of ore elements along the vertical section associating with the relative epigenetic alteration and oxidation of the granite was previously described by us for U and Th and for the components of high-temperature ores, W, Sn, and Mo. The removal of ore elements from the granite was accompanied by a decrease in the bulk contents of sulfur and arsenic by a factor of 1.35 and 1.65, respectively. The leaching of trace metals from the granites of the upper part of the Aue cupola was followed by their partial redeposition above the cupola in the ore veins of the Schlema and Schneeberg deposits. Original Russian Text ? Vikt. L. Barsukov, N.T. Sokolova, O.M. Ivanitskii, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp. 967–982.     

Distribution of REE,LILE, and HFSE between biotite,feldspar, and the melt in the granulite facies migmatite,nimnyr block,Aldan shield

The behavior of trace elements under conditions of partial melting of granitoid rocks has been studied. The element’s partition coefficients between minerals and the melt D_i^min/melt depends, in the first place, on the composition of the primary melt. In biotite the HREE D_i are a little below 1, while those of LREE, especially D_i for Ce, are 1–3 orders of magnitude less. This leads to an efficient differentiation of REEs in anatexic melts especially when biotite is the main mineral phase of restite. On the contrary, there are feldspars, the D_i of which cannot provide such a magnitude of differentiation. Unlike garnets and pyroxenes, whose stability in restite permits enrichment of anatexic melts produced in migmatization zones with Nb, Ti, and Cr, the presence of biotite in restite causes depletion of melts with those elements as well as with Rb. Feldspars, under conditions of their fractional crystallization or during differentiation of an anatexic melt, deplete the latter with Sr, Ba, and Rb, but enrich it with Nb, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and V.     

Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place

This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group.     

Dielectric constants of apatite,epidote, vesuvianite,and zoisite,and the oxide additivity rule

The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ _a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ _c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ _a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ _c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ _a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ _b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ _a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ _b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ _c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ ₁₁= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ ₂₂=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ ₃₃= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ _a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ _a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ _c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α _D (mineral)=∑ α _D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (V_o) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of V_o in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.