玄武岩中普通辉石,石榴石巨晶的研究（Ⅱ）：Pb,Sr,Nd同位素组成

辽宁宽甸、河北汉诺坝及福建明溪碱性玄武岩中普通辉石巨晶的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值是0.70387—0.70401,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd值是0.51282—0.51295,宽甸石榴石巨晶的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd值是0.51282—0.51293,巨晶的εNd值与载体玄武岩相似。辉石的~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值是15.6017—15.6649,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb值是18.5604—18.8359,石榴石的~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值是15.6046—15.7792,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb值是18.1849—19.0345。巨晶放射性Pb同位素明显高于载体玄武岩,表明两者之间未达到同位素平衡。巨晶母岩浆可能产生于二元混合体系,端元之一可能与岛弧物质有关。     

东昆仑希望沟中二叠世辉长岩Sr-Nd-Lu-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

东昆仑东段希望沟-哈陇休玛一带有多处镁铁-超镁铁质岩的出露,针对希望沟地区中二叠世辉长岩3块样品进行的全岩Sr-Nd同位素及锆石Lu-Hf同位素测试,结果表明:希望沟辉长岩87Sr/86Sr为0.707 445~0.707 676,(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.707 045~0.707 297,高于现代深海拉斑玄武岩(0.702 0~0.703 5),143 Nd/144 Nd的初始计算值为0.512 476~0.512 543,εNd(t)值为-2.65^-1.34,Nd(t)值受蚀变影响较小,基本反映了其源区洋岛玄武岩的同位素特征;176 Lu/177 Hf在0.000 592~0.001 860间,εHf(t)在2.27~5.46间,一阶段Hf模式年龄为691Ma^816Ma,平均为758Ma,表明岩浆源区主要来源于亏损地幔并有少量壳源物质(如洋壳沉积物)的加入。结合区域构造演化特征,认为希望沟辉长岩源区主要为洋岛玄武岩,是东昆仑地区阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋向北俯冲的结果。     

Sr-Nd同位素初始比值和Nd模式年龄的误差估算

SrNd同位素参数广泛应用于岩石物质来源及其成因研究,但绝大多数研究者在应用这些参数时并未说明它们的误差大小,这种做法并不科学。作者首次利用误差传播定律推导出了有关参数的误差估算公式,这些参数包括Sr同位素的初始比值(87Sr/86Sr)t、Nd同位素的初始比值(143Nd/144Nd)t、εSr(t)、εNd(t)、Nd同位素模式年龄等。Rb、Sr含量的高低及其测定误差决定着(87Rb/86Sr)s的误差,Sm、Nd含量的高低及其测定误差决定着 (147Sm/144Nd)s的误差,(87Rb/86Sr)s的大小及其误差、(87Sr/86Sr)s误差、年龄值大小及其误差共同影响着(87Sr/86Sr)t的误差。同样,(147Sm/144Nd)s的大小及其误差、(143Nd/144Nd)s 的误差、年龄值大小及其误差共同影响着(143Nd/144Nd)t的误差。Nd同位素球粒陨石模式年龄TCHUR和单阶段亏损地幔模式年龄TDM的误差影响因素主要包括(147Sm/144Nd)s的大小、(143Nd/144Nd)s 的大小及这两个比值的误差,而Nd同位素两阶段亏损地幔模式年龄TDM2的误差除上述影响因素之外,还包括年龄值大小及其误差。通过对广西姑婆山4个花岗岩样品SrNd同位素参数及其误差的计算,作者对各个影响因素进行了详细分析,认为采用同位素稀释质谱法测试数据和高精度的年龄数据是获得理想示踪参数的保证,Rb、Sr、Sm、Nd含量沿用微量（包括稀土）元素测试结果的做法是不可取的,对高Rb样品更应该谨慎从事。建议研究者在使用SrNd同位素参数时能够估算这些参数的误差,并在文章中有所说明。     

青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学及其地质意义

青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩分属阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂带,宗务隆构造带和苦海-赛什塘带。阿尼玛卿带正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)样品具有较高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(t)比值(0.7066～0.7084)、高的ε_(Nd)(t)(12.2～12.8)和较低的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb初始值(17.72～17.79)。这些同位素特征类似于秦岭勉略蛇绿岩带的N-MORB以及印度洋低~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb高~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd N-MORB。该带中的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值为0.7036～0.7044,ε_(Nd)(t)=4.4～4.8,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.45～17.62。其Sr和Nd同位素比值可与印度洋代表热点构造的洋岛玄武岩对比,但~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb低于印度洋的热点构造玄武岩,因此,具有类似印度洋低~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值MORB同位素特征。宗务隆构造带的N-MORB的Sr同位素比值在0.7041～0.7058,ε_(Nd)(t)=6.1～8.4,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.51～17.90,划归高~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值的N-MORB。苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩显示了高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr同位素比值(0.7115和0.7104)和低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-1.7和-2.5),其~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb(17.64和17.46)与上述大洋玄武质岩石无显著区别。上述各岩类的同位素特征反映了它们生成的构造环境和陆壳组分混染的程度。阿尼玛卿带的N-MORB代表了典型的来自亏损地幔源区的洋中脊产物。与勉略带同类岩石可能来自同一源区。OIB可能属于热点构造成因的洋岛产物并与MORB一起构成了阿尼玛卿洋洋壳。宗务隆带MORB同样代表了主要源自相对亏损地幔的洋脊产物并指示宗务隆带曾开裂成洋。苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩极高的Sr和低的Nd同位素比值是陆壳物质组分的强烈印记,这与该类火山岩发育在前寒武纪基底之上不无关系。结合本区大洋玄武岩普遍低的Nb/U和Ce/Pb比值,推测它们可能源自EMII与DMM物质的交代混合。按照习惯的想法,明显的Dupal异常(△~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值=46～103和△~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值=4～18;大多样品~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr>0.704)指示这些岩石在空间上代表了来自南半球印度洋位置的古洋壳残余。但是,北半球愈来愈多的Dupal异常的发现有可能指示它们是类似现今东南亚多洋岛构造历经"汇聚式(focused)俯冲"的产物。此外,宗务隆带MORB的Dupal异常指示本区古特提斯域的北界较先前所定还要北推200km。     

利用DCTA和HIBA快速有效分离Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd

Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd的有效分离是精确测定这些同位素的关键。传统的分离方法以盐酸为介质，虽然能够有效地分离这些元素，但是需要耗用大量的酸，并且无法将Sr和Ca、Mg等元素分离，对于Sm、Nd含量低的样品，回收率较低。后来有一些实验室建立了用混合的有机酸（如甲酸、乙酸、DCTA、EDTA等）来分离Sr的方法，大大减少了分离时间，减少了试剂用量，从而降低了过程空白并能够将Ca和Mg与Sr分离。本实验室在此基础上建立了一种新的Rb-Sr,Sm-Nd化学分离方法，以用于地质样品的同位素测试。该方法选用AG50W×8阳离子交换树脂，并先后采用不同的淋洗剂进行分离提纯。首先用常规方法使用盐酸作为淋洗剂将Rb-Sr和REE分开并与其他大部分元素分离，然后使用DCTA和嗜咙的混合溶液(D. P. E.）作为淋洗剂分离Rb和Sr，使用HIBA作为淋洗剂在很小体积(0.6 mI.）的阳离子交换树脂中分离Sm和Nd。使用这样的分离方法可以有效地将一些干扰离子（如Mg、Ca、Ba）和Sr分离，同时使用该分离方法可以提高分离效率，缩短分离时间，减少试剂用量，降低实验过程空白。用该方法分离国际玄武岩标样BCR-2后的Sr同位素测试结果（87Sr/86Sr= 0.705018±3)与Brian等测定的0.705024±5基本一致，Nd同位素测试结果（143 Nd/144Nd = 0.512616±9 )与本实验室以前使用HCI介质分离测定的0.512624±3基本一致，与其他研究者最近报道的BCR-1的0.512644±11和0.512650也基本一致。说明本次研究采用的新分离方法效果良好。     

山东蓬莱、临朐新生代碱性玄武岩的钕、锶同位素组成

本文报道了鲁东和鲁西新生代碱性玄武岩13个样品的Nd、Sr同位素组成,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.512967—0.512744,~(87)Sr/(86)Sr=0.70349—0.70450。它们在地质剖面上呈现规律性变化,可能与其地幔源区同位素组成的层状分带有关。鲁西地幔源区具有较鲁东更加亏损的组份。两地地幔源区在演化中都曾发生过地幔交代(或富集)作用,根据玄武岩Nd同位素模式年龄估计地幔交代作用发生的时间为0.45Ga。     

第四纪黄土物源的时空差异研究现状及展望

黄土物源研究对揭示第四纪以来东亚大气环流格局的演化和构造—气候之间的相互作用具有重要意义。目前已应用多种物源示踪方法对黄土物源开展了大量研究,但对黄土物源时空差异规律及其动力学机制尚未取得较为一致的认识。在综合分析黄土物源研究现状的基础上,重点从影响~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值和~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd值组成及单颗粒碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱构成的因素角度,分析了第四纪黄土的物源及可能变化,获得以下认识:(1)第四纪黄土沉积物的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值变化幅度可达0.002 580～0.004 949,远远超出实验室分析测试误差(0.000 018)或由Sr同位素衰变带来的影响(2.6 Ma时段小于0.000 026,1个冰期旋回小于0.000 001);~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd值亦发生了较显著变化(0.000 095～0.000 240),其变化幅度远大于实验室的分析测试误差(0.000 010)及衰变导致的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd值(0.000 013)变化。因此,在黄土中检测到的Sr-Nd同位素组成的变化应具有较明确的地质意义。(2)第四纪黄土沉积物中无论全岩还是主要粒径组分的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值和~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd值的变化都与气候代用指标变化不同步,难以从气候变化角度进行解释,可能更多地反映了源区的变化。(3)与Sr-Nd同位素示踪体系相比,单矿物或单颗粒的物源示踪体系对物源区变化的响应更为敏感,在追踪第四纪黄土沉积物源区时空差异方面具有较明显的优势。(4)基于碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱对黄土物源的有限研究揭示黄土高原的黄土在地质历史时期可能发生了原始物源区显著的时空分异,特别是不同剖面都反映出了1.2 Ma前后黄土主要源区的变化,表明通过锆石U-Pb年龄谱研究黄土物源时空差异规律具有揭示岩石圈、大气圈、水圈耦合作用过程及历史的巨大潜力。     

西藏措勤地区典中组火山岩同位素特征及地质意义

西藏冈底斯岩浆岩带西段北侧的林子宗群火山岩含有从板块俯冲机制向大陆碰撞机制转变的丰富信息。将措勤地区典中组火山岩与冈底斯岩浆岩带东段林周盆地的典中组火山岩在同位素地球化学、演化特征方面进行对比,探讨冈底斯岩浆岩带西段与东段在演化过程中的异同性。结果表明,措勤地区典中组火山岩的87Sr/86Sr初始比值变化范围为0.710352~0.713423,具较高的87Sr/86Sr比值;143Nd/144Nd初始比值为0.512293~0.512407,具较低的143Nd/144Nd比值;林周盆地典中组火山岩的87Sr/86Sr初始比值为0.7057~0.7063之间,143Nd/144Nd初始比值范围为0.5125~0.5126。同位素特征显示措勤地区典中组源区物质可能来自于富集Ⅱ型地幔,即源区为俯冲和再循环的大陆地壳物质与地幔岩发生了混合作用的产物,源区受控于冈底斯地壳基底。林周盆地典中组火山岩源区物质可能与富集Ⅰ型地幔有关。     

新疆阿尔泰东部新生代玄武岩的地球化学特征与地质意义

新疆阿尔泰东部哈拉乔拉出露有新生代玄武岩,K-Ar 法测得玄武岩的年龄在10～20Ma,地球化学分析结果表明哈拉乔拉玄武岩具有高 TiO_2含量、高钾富碱的特点,属于典型的橄榄玄粗岩系列;强烈富集不相容元素和轻稀土元素,显示出源区富集的特点。(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i 为0.704432～0.704538,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i 为0.512641～0.512779,ε_(Nd)(t)为0.29～1.03,其 Sr-Nd 同位素特征和地球化学特征都与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似。La/Nb(0.765～0.823)、Nb/U(35.02～52.01)等不相容元素的比值指示了源区中可能存在少量循环地壳物质。综合对比南天山托云等地区新生代玄武岩,中亚地区的地球化学性质相似的新生代火山岩分布零星,空间上与大型断裂相对应,不应是前人地幔柱成因的观点。本文结合中亚地区古生代地壳的演化特点,提出中亚地区的新生代类 OIB 型玄武岩来源于中亚地区已被改造的富集地幔。     

热电离质谱法测定龋齿牙釉质87Sr/86Sr同位素比值

锶同位素已经成为国际考古学界用于探索人和动物迁移活动和食谱组成的主要方法。本文利用锶特效树脂(Sr-Spec), 建立了快速分离富集于人龋齿中的微量元素锶, 并测定87Sr/86Sr的有效方法。采用硝酸-高氯酸体系消解龋齿样品, 利用锶特效树脂(Sr-Spec)快速分离富集龋齿中微量元素锶(Sr), 最后采用IsoProbe-T固体热电离质谱计测定龋齿87Sr/86Sr同位素比值。实验结果表明, 不同年龄和性别龋齿牙釉质的87Sr/86Sr同位素比值在0.710935~0.711034之间较小区间范围, 基本趋于稳定, 说明生活在相同地质背景的人或动物, 其机体内Sr同位素比值接近。男性龋齿牙釉质87Sr/86Sr比值随着年龄的增长有微小的波动, 从0.710935升高到0.711031, 这些微小变化可能与样本人群的环境和生活习惯相关。     

微波消解-多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱高精度测定锶钕同位素组成

应用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)测定地质样品中锶、钕同位素组成时,化学前处理流程冗长、复杂,且容易出现样品未完全溶解的现象。本文采用微波消解法消解样品,在保证消解效果的前提下有效地缩短了溶样时间,在此基础上研究了锶、钕化学分离和质谱测试流程,重点考察了树脂柱的回收率和记忆效应。结果表明:树脂经10次使用后的锶、钕流程空白均低于1.0 ng,但回收率明显下降,分别由原来的98%和90%降到20%和50%,若待测样品中锶、钕含量较低,所接收的锶、钕则达不到质谱仪测试范围,因此建议锶特效树脂使用次数不超过5次,AG50W-X8稀土柱和Ln树脂使用次数不超过10次。整套流程应用于国际地质标准样品(BCR-2、W-2a、BHVO-2、AGV-2)的锶、钕分离,MC-ICP-MS所得的87Sr/86Sr、143Nd/144Nd测定值与文献报道值一致,仪器的内精度2SE(n=50)和方法的外精度2SD(n=6)均优于0.0015%,表明该流程可以满足地质样品中锶、钕同位素高精度测定的要求。     

Metal sources of the Navan carbonate-hosted base metal deposit, Ireland: Nd and Sr isotope evidence for deep hydrothermal convection

Nd and Sr isotope analyses are presented for gangue mineral samples from the giant carbonate-hosted Navan Zn–Pb deposit, Ireland, and for rocks from which Navan metals may have been derived. Analysis of gangue minerals spanning the Navan paragenetic sequence reveals systematic evolution in the composition of the mineralising fluid. Early fluid represented by replacive dolomite exhibits the lowest initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio (0.7083–0.7086), closest to that of the host limestone and to Lower Carboniferous seawater, and the highest ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio (0.51161–0.51176). Later generations of dolomite, barite and calcite, which encompass sulphide precipitation, have higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (maximum 0.7105) and lower initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios (minimum 0.51157). All samples have initial Nd isotope ratios that are too low to have been acquired only from the host limestone. Drill core samples of presumed Ordovician volcanic and sedimentary rocks from beneath the Navan orebody have ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios at the time of mineralisation of 0.51184–0.51217 and 0.7086–0.7138, respectively. The data are interpreted to indicate mixing of sulphide-rich, limestone-buffered brine, with a metal-bearing hydrothermal fluid, which had passed through sub-Carboniferous rocks, consistent with published fluid inclusion and S isotope data. The ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio of this basement-derived fluid is too low to have been imparted by flow through the Devonian Old Red Sandstone, as required in models of regional fluid flow in response to Hercynian uplift. Irrespective of whether such regional fluid flow occurred, the hydrothermal Nd must have been derived from sub-Devonian rocks. These conclusions broadly support the hydrothermal convection cell model in which brines, ultimately of surface origin, penetrated to a depth of several kilometres, leaching metals from the rocks through which they passed. The data also support increasing depth of penetration of convection cells with time. Metals were subsequently precipitated in carbonate rocks at sites of mixing with cooler, sulphide-rich fluids. However, comparison of the Navan hydrothermal gangue Nd–Sr isotope data with data from Lower Palaeozoic rocks strongly suggests that the latter cannot alone account for the “basement” signature. As the Navan deposit lies immediately north of the Iapetus Suture, this suggests that the Laurentian margin includes Precambrian basement.     

Nd and Sr isotopic studies on cenozoic mafic lavas from West Antarctica: Another source for continental alkali basalts

The Nd and Sr isotopic ratios on a suite of continental alkali basalts from Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, define a change in the source over the range of K/Ar dates between 1 and 28 m.y. ago. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic ratios (0.7026 to 0.7031) are unusually low for continental alkali basalts, although the corresponding ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios (0.51283 to 0.51299) are similar to previously reported values. On a ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr vs. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd diagram, they define a trend on the low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr side of the “mantle array”, which has a slope steeper than the mantle array. An explanation for the light rare earth elements (LREE) enrichment of the alkali basalts, with high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios and low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, is suggested by a model which modifies the source region with a mantle-derived, CO₂-enriched metasomatic fluid.     

Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of sediments from the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers: Implications for partitioning tectonic terranes and crust weathering of the Central and Southeast China

New Nd and Sr isotope data are presented in this paper for sediments from the Yellow and Yangtze River drainage basins. The average ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope compositions of fine-grained sediments from two drainage basins seem similar. The T _DM^Nd ages of sediments from the two drainage basins are relatively uniform but exhibit subtle differences. This reflects the different underlying bedrocks, in association with the unique tectonic terranes that comprise central and southeastern China, including the North China Block, the Yangtze Block, the South China Block, the Tibet Plateau and the Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt. In contrast, there is an obvious difference in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios between fine-grained sediments of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, which actually reflects an increase in chemical weathering intensity from northwestern to southeastern China.     

Geochemistry of Early Devonian rocks of the Sakmara zone,South Urals

This paper reports first isotope–geochemical data on the Early Devonian magmatic rocks of the Chanchar potassic mafic volcanoplutonic complex of the Sakmara zone of the South Urals. The incompatible element distribution and ratios indicate that the rocks of the volcanic, subvolcanic, and intrusive facies are comagmatic and were derived from a common source. The low HFSE concentrations relative to MORB and relatively low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios suggest that primary melts were generated from a moderately depleted mantle. The LILE enrichment of the rocks indicates a flux of mantle fluid in the primary magma during its evolution.     

Baseline determination of the atmospheric Pb,Sr and Nd isotopic compositions in the Rhine valley,Vosges mountains (France) and the Central Swiss Alps

The Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of biomonitors (lichen, moss, bark) and soil litter from different regions in the Rhine valley, as well as of <0.45 μm particles separated out of ice of the Rhône and Oberaar glaciers and lichens from the Swiss Central Alps, have been determined in order to deduce the natural baseline of the atmospheric isotopic compositions of these regions, which are suggested to be close to the isotopic compositions of the corresponding basement rocks or soils at the same sites. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios are positively correlated. Most polluted samples from traffic-rich urban environments have the least radiogenic Pb and Sr isotopic compositions with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 1.11 and 0.7094, respectively. These ratios are very different from those of the atmospheric baseline for the Vosges mountains and the Rhine valley (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb: 1.158–1.167; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.719–0.725; ε_Nd: −7.5 to −10.1). However, this study indicates that the baseline of the atmospheric natural Pb and Sr isotopic compositions is affected by anthropogenic (traffic, industrial and urban) emissions even in remote areas. Lichen samples from below the Rhône and Oberaar glaciers reflect the baseline composition close to the Grimsel pass in the Central Swiss Alps (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.714 − 0.716; ε_Nd: −3.6 to −8.1). The ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratios are highly variable (8ε units) and it is suggested that the variation of the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd is controlled by wet deposition and aerosols originating from the regional natural and industrial urban environments and from more distant regions like the Sahara in North Africa. The least anthropogenetically affected samples collected in remote areas have isotopic compositions closest to those of the corresponding granitoid basement rocks.     

Relationship between deformation, equilibration temperatures, REE and radiogenic isotopes in mantle xenoliths (Ray Pic, Massif Central, France): an example of plume-lithosphere interaction?

Anhydrous spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Ray Pic Quaternary alkali basalt volcano (French Massif Central) show a wide range of mineralogical and geochemical compositions, reflecting significant heterogeneities in the shallow sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Variations in modal mineralogy, mineral chem istry, REE patterns and radiogenic isotope data suggest that depletion by partial melting and enrichment by cryptic metasomatism were the major mantle processes which caused the heterogeneity. The lithospheric mantle beneath Ray Pic contains two contrasting types of peridotite: (i) lherzolites with LREE-depleted compositions, high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and unradiogenic Pb isotope ratios; (ii) lherzolites, harzburgites and a wehrlite with LREE-enriched patterns, low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and radiogenic Pb isotope ratios. The former closely resemble depleted MORB-source mantle. The latter are related to enrichment by recent infiltration of small degree partial melts or fluids from the asthenospheric mantle, possibly related to the “low velocity component” observed by Hoernle et al. (1995) in European Neogene alkaline magmas. Thus, the Ray Pic peridotite xenoliths represent interaction between asthenospheric mantle-derived melts/fluids and depleted lithospheric mantle. This is probably linked to the upwelling mantle plume imaged beneath the Massif Central (Granet et al. 1995). A relationship between textural deformation, equilibration temperature and geochemistry of the xenoliths suggests that the hotter (> 900 °C) undeformed regions are LREE-enriched and tend to have more enriched isotope ratios, whereas the cooler (< 900 °C) regions have undergone more deformation and are more depleted both in LREE and in isotope compositions. Received: 27 July 1996 / Accepted: 25 November 1996     

Magma genesis in the New Britain island-arc: Constraints from Nd and Sr isotopes and trace-element patterns

A selected suite of fresh volcanic rocks from the New Britain island arc has been analyzed for ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, major and trace elements to investigate relationships between isotopes, trace elements and petrology, and depth to the underlying Benioff zone. From these relationships inferences about magma generation are made utilizing Nd and Sr isotope systematics in possible source materials. Lavas ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite show minimal variation of ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd. Small variations in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr do not correlate with depth to the Benioff zone, but are related to magma type. Nd-Sr isotopes suggest that island arc lavas in general are derived from a mixture of suboceanic mantle and hydrothermally altered mid-ocean ridge-type basalt, but the New Britain magma source appears homogeneous with little indication of either the involvement of oceanic crust or mantle inhomogeneity. Trace element patterns in New Britain lavas are not consistent with Nd isotope data for currently accepted petrologic and trace element models of magma genesis. Mafic lavas from New Britain and other island arcs have anomalously high Sr/Nd, possibly due to components derived from subducted oceanic crust.     

Patterns of Nd and Sr isotopic ratios produced by magmatic and post-magmatic processes in the Shiant Isles Main Sill, Scotland

The Shiant Isles Main Sill of the British Tertiary Igneous Province is a classic example of a differentiated, alkaline basic sill. Four separate intrusions, each emplaced internally in rapid succession, form a 165-m-thick sill hosted by Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks. Extensive Nd and Sr isotopic studies were conducted on samples from a vertical section through the sill where the relationships of samples to one another are well defined. The results illuminate patterns of modification of isotopic ratios and clarify the petrogenesis (magma sources, crustal contamination), magmatic processes (bulk mixing, interstitial liquid mixing), and post-magmatic alteration (hydrothermal effects on Sr and Nd). Overall, the whole-rock initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios range from ∼0.7037 to 0.7061 while initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios vary from ∼0.51243 to 0.51286 (ɛ_Nd∼−0.7 to +5.7) – values that contrast markedly with those of the country rock. Acid leaching (HCl) of the whole-rock samples that removes analcime indicates that most of the scatter in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr is caused by the ubiquitous sub-solidus, aqueous alteration during which more-radiogenic Sr was introduced into the sill, especially along the margins, and also reveals magmatic isotopic ratios. In contrast, Nd was immobile during fluid interaction so that the sill ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios were not affected, even <1 m from the country-rock contact. Using leached rock values, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios are inversely correlated from magmatic processes. Magmas with two distinct isotopic compositions were involved: a more primitive one with ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ∼0.51285 and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ∼0.7035 that produced the first two intrusions and a more evolved one (with 0.51252 and 0.7048) that produced the third intrusion. Mixing of the two magmas was very limited, restricted to near contacts between units, and apparently occurred by interstitial melt migration. The more evolved crinanitic magma was probably produced from a batch of the more primitive picritic melt by a small degree of crustal contamination and crystal fractionation during a short crustal residence prior to ascent and emplacement. Received: 20 December 1999 / Accepted: 5 May 2000     

Hafnium isotope results from mid-ocean ridges and Kerguelen

¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios are presented for oceanic volcanics representing both extremes of the range of mantle HfNdSr isotopic variation. Hf from critical mid-ocean ridgebasalts shows that ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf does indeed have a greater variability than ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in the depleted mantle. This extra variation is essentially of a random nature, and can perhaps be understood in terms of known Rb/SrSm/NdLu/Hf fractionation relationships. At the other extreme of mantle isotopic composition, ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios for igneous rocks from the Indian Ocean island of Kerguelen show a closely similar variation to published ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios for the same samples. Comparison of HfNdSr c relationships for Tristan da Cunha, Kerguelen and Samoa reveals divergences in the mantle array for ocean island magma sources, and perhaps suggests that these irregularities are largely the result of an extra component of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr variation.