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泥石流起动原型试验及预报方法探索 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在分析国内外泥石流预报的基础上,结合泥石流形成机理研究取得的进展,提出了新型的暴雨泥石流预报方法。通过蒋家沟泥石流源地人工降雨试验,坡面泥石流形成与源地土体特征参数变化存在密切的关系。暴雨泥石流形成的过程可以描述为:降雨→土体含水量、土体结构和土体组成的变化→土体强度变化→斜坡稳定性变化→坡面泥石流形成→沟谷泥石流。建立起前后两者的关系,用降雨并结合中间关系方程分析泥石流发生的概率、时间及形成规模等参数,逐步提高泥石流预测预报精度。比传统的预报方法在精度上有很大的提高,使对误差进行估算成为可能。 相似文献
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应用电子计算机计算暴雨时面深的方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国现行手工计算单次暴雨时面深关系时,由于工作量很大而无法计算逐时段滑动的各种历时面平均雨深的外包值;目估勾绘等值线时,因人而异,成果一般也较为粗糙。为此,我们应用电子计算机,分别在 CJ-719和TQ-16电子计算机上编制了通用程序,以此来计算暴雨的时面深。现就程序的三个主要部分,即插补分段雨量资料,绘制等值线和计算暴雨时面深关系等分别介绍如下,不妥之处,欢迎批评指正。一、插补分段雨量资料计算一个流域或地区的暴雨时面深关系,其精度取决于雨量站网的密度和雨量观测时段 相似文献
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用时面深概化法估算清江中上游流域可能最大暴雨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在分析清江流域暴雨洪水特点及含清江流域暴雨一致区内暴雨特性的基础上,推测出形成清江中上游可能最大暴雨的天气形势和梅雨形势类似,暴雨为梅雨雨带中的暴雨,水汽入流方向为西南方向,采用时面深概化法估算了清江中上游流域24h和3d可能最大暴雨。 相似文献
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植被对暴雨的拦蓄是调控全球变暖进程中频发的雨洪灾害的重要手段。为探究黄丘区大规模退耕后自然植被坡面对暴雨的拦蓄作用,针对陕西省延安市安塞区坊塌小流域2019—2022年全部发生的6场暴雨事件,使用土壤水分自动监测系统对1个灌丛和3个草本群落坡面10 m土层进行逐小时监测。分析结果表明:暴雨对草本群落最大补给深度可达200 cm,但对灌丛群落仅为100 cm;灌丛的拦蓄效果优于草本群落,草本群落的拦蓄效果随退耕年限增长而提高;自然灌草植被坡面对低雨量短历时暴雨的拦蓄率可达60.8%,而对高雨量长历时暴雨仅可拦蓄40.8%。因此,建议在黄丘区合理保护和布局灌-草生态系统,以提升植被-土壤对暴雨的容蓄减灾作用。 相似文献
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一、目前设计面雨量H_(P面)的方法简述 1.动点与动面关系法对某地区或流域内发生的每次大暴雨,利用绘制雨量等值线图的方法,可以求出各等值线包围面积内的面平均雨量值H_面,并与暴雨中心的雨量H_(点中心)相比,求得比值β,然后绘制各次暴雨的β与F关系曲线,再按平均和外包的方法定线,即得设计的点面关系曲线。 相似文献
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利用平原区径流实验资料,建立了总入流雨洪经验关系和按蓄洪产流模型法经参数识别后,建立产流参数与地理要素之间的关系,并应用产流规律研究了湖北省平原湖区的排涝水文计算问题,认为在目前站网条件下,一般具备直接面暴雨设计基础,不宜采用暴雨点面折算方法。对资料暂不满足计算要求的设计区域,提出了一种改进的“动点定面”关系,对特殊情况下的平原湖区的常遇频率暴雨设计,可以给出比较满意的成果。 相似文献
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福建省暴雨统计参数有关特性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过优选暴雨统计参数,对暴雨参数的时空分布特点、暴雨参数随地形的变化影响、雨量与历时的关系、地形对雨量历时的关系影响以及特大值暴雨重现期进行了分析,对研究和分析福建省的暴雨特点和暴雨统计参数时空分布规律有一定的参考价值,并探讨了Cs/Cv 比值变化对Cv的影响. 相似文献
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Using definite examples the authors show that it is possible to find, in a given granite, relations between uranium and the other elements, but these relations cannot be generalized. They cannot depend on the petrographical and mineralogical properties rather than on the chemical composition. One finds with the essential minerals some apparent relations but they are valid only for a given rock. The nature of a granite depends, mainly, on its formation and consequently on the original material from which it derived. The present data on radioactivity of granites cannot be generalized. 相似文献
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Is geographical proximity necessary in the innovation networks in the era of global economy? 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
In the analysis of geographical spillovers, a commonly accepted hypothesis is that the different actors of innovation need to be physically closed to one another because the transfer of tacit knowledge implies frequent face-to-face relations. This hypothesis is put under closer examination in this paper. The first section analyses the need for economic agents to be closely located to develop research and innovative activities, starting with the analysis of their need for co-ordination and using some case studies. Based on the example of three French regions, the second section examines the importance given by the local development policies to geographical proximity in order to support the rapid development of local networks favouring innovation. In both sections, nonlocal relations appear as a key factor to develop innovation. As a conclusion, nonlocal relations should be encouraged by local development policies in the same way as local relations. 相似文献
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Sarma's method of taking a fictitious accerelation as a measure of safety is used to study a two-dimensional slope. The slope is divided into arbitrary slices. The relations among forces acting on the slices and Sarma's acceleration are assumed to be linear. Consequently, a general analytical expression of Sarma's acceleration is derived by means of Cramer's rule. Furthermore, for four commonly used slice methods with simple relations among the forces on each slice and Sarma's acceleration, a general closed-form solution of Sarma's acceleration is given. An example is calculated and the results agree well with those of Hoek. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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介绍了G.P.Gregori提出的关于日地关系的新因果链:太阳→太阳风(及月球引潮力)→地幔内地磁感应々→“发电机”感应电流→焦耳热→火山(及地热流)→水或其它微量元素进入大气圈→控制长期气候变化。对这种因果链提出的背景知识、资料证明及应用前景作了详细说明。介绍了国内一些学者关于日地关系的看法,并将二者加以比较。提出了对日地关系研究的看法及急需解决的问题。 相似文献
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模糊统计分析方法研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
将模糊分析原理与水文现象相结合,推导出了水文统计参数的模糊计算公式,给出了水文变量间相关关系的模糊分析方法及系统水文模型的模糊识别方法,通过实测资料验证,本文方法的分析计算结果能够较好地反映实际情况。 相似文献
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Strain space formulation of the elasto-plastic theory and its finite element implementation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zheng Yingren 《Computers and Geotechnics》1986,2(6):373-388
this paper systematically presents the research work of the authors in strain space formulation of elasto-plastic theory and its numerical implementation in the context of geotechnical problems. The following aspects are mainly discussed: the advantages of the theory, the relations between stress space and strain space, the generalized yield, constitutive relations in strain space, the strain path and strain path method. The theory has been implemented in a finite element program. Two numerical examples are given which prove that the proposed theory and method are not only simple and convenient but also practical. It opens up a new approach for the application of strain space theory in the geotechnical engineering. 相似文献