兰州-民和盆地红古城组的建立及其地质学意义

兰州—民和盆地下白垩统地层,出露良好,厚度较大,自下而上可建立８个非正式的岩石地层单位（岩组）。红古城组位于下白垩统上部的第七岩组。该组以剖面连续、出露甚好、顶底清楚、厚度不大而与上、下地层显著不同,具独特的岩性、岩相特征。虽然岩性、岩相在横向上变化较快,但顶、底界线都具良好的标志层,在盆地内可以广泛追索和对比。该组岩石地层单位的正式建立,不仅便于区内地层的划分与对比,而且对盆内层序地层、岩相分析、构造演化的研究都具重要意义。     

山东省七宝山白垩纪火山机构及矿产

山东省五莲七宝山火山机构具有环形构造特点,其形成与原始地壳的形成发展以及下地壳作用有成因联系或关联。火山机构四周地层出露较简单,除第四系外,主要出露中生代白垩系青山群八亩地组地层,地层产状大部分以围绕火山机构而向四周倾斜。七宝山火山杂岩体呈椭圆状,围岩为青山群火山角砾岩、角砾凝灰岩,杂岩体具多期的岩浆侵入、喷发和后期的热液活动。七宝山火山隐爆角砾岩筒位于七宝山杂岩体内,其中角砾岩呈筒状分布。这些为七宝山金铜矿床的形成提供了有力的条件。     

江西省九瑞地区黄龙组层、相、位对层控矿床的控制

一、概述九瑞地区位于扬子准地台下扬子台坳之西段,南北分别与江南台隆、淮阳隆起毗邻,处于构造转折部位。已知矿床主要有斑岩型、矽卡岩型和层控型,其中层控型矿床的空间分布受区域地质背景中特定地层、岩相及构造部位的控制,具层、相、位控矿特点。矿床周围有大片志留系、石炭系、二叠系、三叠系地层出露,局部出露奧陶系地层。前奥陶系、侏罗系、白垩系地层分布于西南及东南边缘。区内构造发育史可分为三个阶段,即地槽发展阶段、准地台发展阶段和大陆边缘活动阶段,具多元结构特点。晋宁运动使前震旦纪地槽型沉积褶皱回返转为准地台,形成近EW     

下二台群的构造变形特征及同位素测年的地质意义

下二台群是出露于辽宁省北部、吉林省南部的一套变质岩系,位于吉黑造山带南缘.在1：5万区域地质调查工作中,运用造山带非史密斯地层理论、构造解析及韧性变形带研究方法,对其构造变形进行系统研究,划分出3期构造变形作用,并进行了同位素测年.据此从原下二台群地层中剥离出太古宙变质表壳岩组合,并依据此套变质岩系的构造变形特征将原下二台群地层改建为下二台岩群.     

龙永煤田隐伏区找煤前景分析

龙永煤田暴露区找煤基本勘查完毕,隐伏区找煤成为今后工作的主攻方向。根据区内地层及构造特征,结合找煤实例分析,认为：①区内地表出露翠屏山组中下部地层的区块以及三叠系下统溪口组与翠屏山组中下部直接接触的区块,由于层间滑脱断层缺失上部地层,使煤系地层埋藏变浅,是找煤的有利范围;②层间逆冲推覆构造主要分布在煤田东部,造成童子岩组的地层重复,由于上盘构造复杂,含煤性变差失去勘查价值,下盘煤系地层保存完整,煤炭资源量可观,其下盘可作为找煤的主要方向;③煤田东部红林坪-白沙-茶林盂一带出露白垩系沙县组（即红层）．如“红层”与下伏地层为小角度不整合接触,则其“红层”与下伏的童子岩组及翠屏山组接触地带为找煤的有利区块;④区内“火山岩”主要分布在东北部,因厚度大,煤系地层埋藏深,找煤难度较大;⑤基底逆冲推覆构造在区内发育规模较小．煤田内出露的“老地层”基本上为基底隆起．其下找煤的可能性较小。     

福建龙岩白沙地区地质特征与找煤潜力分析

白沙地区位于龙永煤田的北部,区内地质条件复杂,东部大面积出露白垩系上统沙县组,西部出露二叠系中统童子岩组,北部出露奥陶系中上统罗峰溪组及泥盆系上统天瓦栋组。童子岩组含煤岩系含可采煤层5层,局部可采煤层3层,大部分隐伏于深部。区内构造以断裂为主,推覆构造发育,主要有印支期的滑脱断层,燕山期的逆冲推覆断层,推覆构造控制煤系的赋存厚度与形态。应用"红层下"与"老地层推覆体下"找煤理论,认为东部"红层"下、北部"老地层"下具有找煤潜力。     

河北丰宁坝上地区铀多金属矿化特征及找矿方向研究

<正>研究区位于华北地台北缘、内蒙古地轴中段、沽源陷断束、大滩中断凹(Ⅳ)的东缘,其东侧为围场拱断束的上黄旗岩浆岩亚带,研究区位于两个Ⅳ级构造单元的过渡带上(河北省地质矿产局,1989)。研究区地层分布、岩浆岩侵入及构造格局具主要影响作用的构造为北东向深大断裂,北东、北西向及近南北向断裂构成了测区主要的构造格架。区内出露地层为中生代火山岩、火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩及陆相沉积火山岩等,形成了大面积的火山岩覆盖,且厚度较大。研究区构造活动强烈,与之     

海南儋州-屯昌地区二叠纪地层的发现及其意义

在海南岛中部儋州-屯昌地区前人划归石炭系地层中采获放射虫等古生物化石,新厘定出一套二叠系地层。其下部为一套滨浅相碎屑岩,局部夹碳酸盐岩、变质基性火山岩;上部为一套深水沉积岩系夹硅质岩,局部夹变质基性火山岩。与海南岛西部、西南部一带出露的二叠世地层比较,岩性组合特征、沉积类型、沉积相、生物富集程度和属种组分及所处沉积构造背景均存在显著差异。该套地层的确定,对研究海南岛二叠纪地层的沉积相,重塑古地理环境,以及研究古特提东延及构造演化等问题具重要意义。     

河南桐柏老洞坡银成矿带地球化学特征及找矿标志

老洞坡银矿床位于围山城成矿带东延部,出露地层由下古生界大栗树组(Pz1d)和上古生界歪头山组(Pt3w)组成。老洞坡银矿体的发现显示歪头山组地层上、中、下三部均为含矿层,银矿体受朱庄背斜,歪头山组下部第五岩性段和构造控制。查明该矿床的原、次生地球化学异常特征,将老洞坡银矿床与破山、银洞坡银矿床的地质地球化学特征进行对比研究,在指导找矿上具实际意义。     

河南桐柏老洞坡银成矿带地球化学特征及找矿标志

老洞坡银矿床位于围山城成矿带东延部,出露地层由下古生界大栗树组(Pz1d)和上古生界歪头山组(Pt3w)组成。老洞坡银矿体的发现显示歪头山组地层上、中、下三部均为含矿层,银矿体受朱庄背斜,歪头山组下部第五岩性段和构造控制。查明该矿床的原、次生地球化学异常特征,将老洞坡银矿床与破山、银洞坡银矿床的地质地球化学特征进行对比研究,在指导找矿上具实际意义。     

Palaeo‐environment in an ancient low‐latitude,arid lacustrine basin with loessite: The Smith Bank Formation (Early Triassic) in the Central North Sea,UK Continental Shelf

Predominantly fine‐grained strata were deposited in the Smith Bank Formation (Early Triassic) in the Central North Sea area of the Northern Permian Basin. Previously regarded as monotonous red claystone, examination of continuous core reveals abundant stratification, significant variation in colour, siltstone as the prevalent average grain size, and claystone is rare. Loessite occurs beyond the north‐western lacustrine margin, and aerosol dust has inundated clay pellets derived from aeolian reworking of the desiccated lake floor. The loessite has limited evidence of pluvial reworking but rare fossil roots testify to sufficient moisture to sustain plants. Loessite has not previously been differentiated successfully from other fine‐grained strata in the subsurface, but this study defines the presence of random grain‐fabric orientation as an intrinsic unequivocal characteristic of loessite that formed during air‐fall deposition of aerosol dust. Comparison with outcrop data verifies the utility of grain fabric to differentiate loessite. Tosudite, an aluminous di‐octahedral regularly ordered mixed‐layer chlorite/smectite, which is rare in sedimentary rock, forms a significant proportion (10 to 21%) of the clay mineral fraction of loessite along with a similar quantity of kaolinite. In all other samples, only illite and chlorite are identified, which is typical of fine‐grained Triassic strata. In a location, close to the southern lake margin, lacustrine strata are characterized by fining‐upward couplets of very fine‐grained sandstone into siltstone and mudstone, with occasional desiccated surfaces. Small sand injections and associated sand extrusions are common and indicate periodic fluidization of sand. Precise stratigraphic location of the Smith Bank Formation is problematic because of extremely sparse fossil preservation; however, there is no sedimentological evidence for a period of hyperaridity known from the early Olenekian in continental Europe, which may mean that the North Permian Basin was never hyperarid or that the Smith Bank Formation is restricted to the Induan.     

现代碱湖对玛湖凹陷风城组沉积环境的启示

为了进一步了解玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组沉积环境,通过现代碱湖和主要碱矿进行调研,系统梳理了现代碱湖沉积特征,并与风城组沉积特征进行了对比研究,提出了现代碱湖沉积对玛湖凹陷风城组沉积环境具有可对比性。研究结果表明:玛湖凹陷风城组沉积期为一大型碱湖盆地,与世界上典型碱湖特征基本相近,自生矿物、沉积组合与演化过程大致相同,为形成于半干旱气候环境的闭流盆地,含碱层段一般为浅水环境成因,是碳酸盐型湖水蒸发浓缩的产物,与碱层互层的暗色细粒岩石不全为深水沉积产物。     

Pleistocene sandur rhythms,cycles and megacycles: Interpretation of depositional scenarios and palaeoenvironmental conditions

The Drawa sandur, which is the largest, coarse‐grained sandur in Poland, dates from the Pomeranian phase of the Weichselian glaciation (c. 16 ka BP). Using Markov chain analysis we infer that five cycles and five rhythms occur in its proximal part. The cycles dominated by Gt and St lithofacies in the lower part of the sandur succession and by a GDm lithofacies in the upper part, are fining‐upward cycles deposited in braided channels during large ablation floods. Three groups of cycles are distinguished based on their genesis: (i) cycles due to channel‐sheet evolution during large floods; (ii) cycles due to braid‐bar development during initial and advanced diminishing of floods; and (iii) cycles developed in the thalweg or interbar channels. The succession as a whole forms a large‐scale coarsening‐up megacycle (‘sandur megacycle’) which corresponds to a phase of ice‐sheet advance. Because the cyclicity was evident from Markov chain analysis of the sedimentary succession, we suggest that this statistical tool is valuable for reconstruction of glacifluvial sedimentary conditions, particularly as it can shed new light on the palaeogeographical development of sandar.     

安徽黄栗树地区构造特征及对金矿的控制作用

黄栗树地区有两种金矿化类型：接触交代型（矽卡岩型）和微细浸染型（卡林型）。在有利的地层、构造及岩浆活动等多重因素作用下形成。主干断裂控制金矿（化）体宏观带状分布,规模不大的复合型断裂或层间破碎带则控制矿（化）体定位。     

Sunrise Hill unconformity: A newly discovered regional hiatus between Archaean granites and greenstones in the northeastern Pilbara Craton

Contacts between Archaean granites and greenstones in the northeastern part of the Pilbara Craton have been described as intrusive and tectonic. New field observations in the Shay Gap region demonstrate that greenstones of the Gorge Creek Group unconformably overlie the Muccan and Warrawagine batholiths. Regionally, the unconformity is marked by a persistent but relatively thin basal clastic sequence, locally with a granite boulder conglomerate, overlain by ore‐bearing banded iron‐formation, fine‐grained clastic rocks and chert. The granite basement is dated at 3443 ± 6 Ma. The precise age of the hiatus is unknown but its maximum effect might have been the removal of a substantial thickness of Early to Middle Archaean strata.     

Petrogenesis of the Xihuashan Granite in Southern Jiangxi Province,South China: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology,Geochemistry and Nd Isotopes

Mesozoic granitic intrusions are widely distributed in the Nanling region,South China.Yanshanian granites are closely connected with the formation of tungsten deposits.The Xihuashan granite is a typica...     

Architecture of an Oligocene fluvial ribbon sandstone in the Ebro Basin,North‐eastern Spain

Fluvial ribbon sandstone bodies are ubiquitous in the Ebro Basin in North‐eastern Spain; their internal organization and the mechanics of deposition are as yet insufficiently known. A quarrying operation in an Oligocene fluvial ribbon sandstone body in the southern Ebro Basin allowed for a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the sedimentary architecture of the deposit. The sandstone is largely a medium‐grained to coarse‐grained, moderately sorted lithic arenite. In cross‐section, the sandstone body is 7 m thick, occupies a 5 m deep incision and wedges out laterally, forming a ‘wing’ that intercalates with horizontal floodplain deposits in the overbank region. Three architectural units were distinguished. The lowest and highest units (Units A and C) mostly consist of medium‐grained to coarse‐grained sandstone with medium‐scale trough cross‐bedding and large‐scale inclined stratasets. Each of Units A and C comprises a fining‐up stratal sequence reflecting deposition during one flood event. The middle unit (Unit B) consists of thinly bedded, fine‐grained sandstone/mudstone couplets and represents a time period when the channel was occupied by low‐discharge flows. The adjoining ‘wing’ consists of fine‐grained sandstone beds, with mudstone interlayers, correlative to strata in Units A and C in the main body of the ribbon sandstone. In plan view, the ribbon sandstone comprises an upstream bend and a downstream straight reach. In the upstream bend, large‐scale inclined stratasets up to 3 m in thickness represent four bank‐attached lateral channel bars, two in each of Units A and C. The lateral bars migrated downflow and did not develop into point bars. In the straight downstream reach, a tabular cross‐set in Unit A represents a mid‐channel transverse bar. In Unit C, a very coarse‐grained, unstratified interval is interpreted as deposited in a riffle zone, and gives way downstream to a large mid‐channel bar. The relatively simple architecture of these bars suggests that they developed as unit bars. Channel margin‐derived slump blocks cover the upper bar. The youngest deposit is fine‐grained sandstone and mudstone that accumulated immediately before avulsion and channel abandonment. Deposition of the studied sandstone body reflects transport‐limited sediment discharges, possibly attaining transient hyperconcentrated conditions.     

兴安地块南段乌兰复合岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

兴蒙造山带北缘晚古生代的构造格局,尤其是洋盆的闭合时限一直存在争议,兴安地块南的乌兰复合岩体为解决这一问题提供了一个良好的研究窗口。对乌兰复合岩体进行了锆石U-Pb测年与地球化学特征研究,确定了其形成时代与岩石成因,进而揭示了区域构造背景。乌兰复合岩体由细粒二长花岗岩和斑状二长花岗岩组成,前者构成了岩体的主体,成岩年龄为(312±2) Ma,形成时代为晚石炭世早期。地球化学特征显示: 细粒二长花岗岩和斑状二长花岗岩均具有全碱含量中等、富钾、过铝质的特征,为高钾钙碱性系列的高分异S型花岗岩,且细粒二长花岗岩的稀土含量偏低,负Eu异常更明显,显示了更高的分异演化特征; 细粒二长花岗岩和斑状二长花岗岩均富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th及K),显著亏损Ba、Sr、Ti等元素,弱亏损Ta、Nb等元素,具有相似的微量元素与稀土元素分布特征,指示二者来自于同一源区。乌兰复合岩体的形成与古亚洲洋的演化有关,形成于洋盆闭合后的造山晚期伸展环境。     

LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Fine-grained Granite and Molybdenite?Re-Os?Dating in the Wurinitu Molybdenum Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Wurinitu molybdenum deposit, located in Honggor, Sonid Left Banner of Inner Mongolia, China, is recently discovered and is considered to be associated with a concealed fine-grained granite impregnated with molybdenite.?The wall rocks are composed of Variscan porphyritic-like biotite granite and the Lower Ordovician Wubin’aobao Formation.?LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the fine-grained granite reveals two stages of zircons,?one were formed at 181.7±7.?4 Ma and?the other at 133.6±3.3 Ma. The latter age is believed to be the formation age of the fine-grained granite, while the former may reflect the age of inherited zircons, based on the morphological study of the zircon and regional geological setting. The Re-Os model age of molybdenite is 142.2±2.5?Ma, which is older than the diagenetic age of the fine-grained granite.?Therefore the authors believe that the metallogenic age of the Wurinitu molybdenum deposit should be?nearly 133.6±3.3 Ma or slightly later, i.e., Early Cretaceous.?Combined with regional geological background research, it is speculated that the molybdenum deposits were formed at the late Yanshanian orogenic cycle in the Hingganling-Mongolian orogenic belt, belonging to the relaxation epoch posterior to the compression and was associated with the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk?Sea.     

北喜马拉雅地区三叠纪地层划分

北喜马拉雅地区的三叠纪地层发育完整,层序清楚、构造简单、未变质,可分为土隆群、曲龙共巴组与德日荣组３个岩石地层单位,其中生物化石丰富,属典型的特提斯动物群。该地层主要出露于亚东、定结、定日、聂拉木土隆、普兰、札达马阳一带,呈东西向带状展布,在我国境内延伸达１５００ｋｍ以上,与印度库蒙（Ｋｕｍａｕｎ）地区的三叠纪地层（由下而上为：Ｃｈｏｃｏｌａｔｅｓｅｒｉｅｓ,Ｋａｌａ－ｐａｎｉＬｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅ,ＫｕｔｉＳｈａｌｅ,ＫｉｏｔｏＬｉｍｅｓｔｏｎｅ）可以进行对比。