四川马脑壳层控金矿床中辉锑矿残余沉积组构的发现及其 …

在川西北马脑壳层控Ａｕ－Ｓｂ－Ｗ建造矿床中,发现了辉锑矿的显微沉积层纹状组构。由细晶辉锑矿和自生石英交替互层所显示的方向与辉锑矿的粒内变形作用以及晶体粒度变化所显示的方向一致,也与矿石和围岩的宏观－微观层理一致。这一组构代表了一种保留有沉积成因先存组构残余的次生组构。     

锡矿山辉锑矿的晶体形态

湖南新化钨矿山的辉锑矿久已闻名中外,但其晶体形态方向的研究工作还很少进行。 我们所研究的辉锑矿的晶体采自该矿床的矿囊中;矿囊产于硅化石灰岩中,在其中,辉锑矿与石英共生;辉锑矿晶体成巨大的晶簇;最大的晶体长度达60厘米。 晶体形态的研究工作是在哥尔斯密特式双圈反射测角仪上进行的,被测的晶体长约1厘米,厘粗约0.7毫米。     

湖南锡矿山辉锑矿的矿物标型特征研究

辉锑太是湖南锡矿山锑矿床最主要的矿石矿的，通过野外地质调查和系统的内矿物学研究表明：辉锑矿晶体形态特征受晶体生长方向和生长速度影响；辉锑矿的常量元素和微量元素化学成分分析揭示了成矿溶液的某些信息，并有助于评价不同类型的矿石质量；随早世代到晚世代，辉锑矿晶胞参数变大，与其类质同像元素含量增大相一致，由a0值求得辉锑矿的形成温度为250℃－100℃，此外，还获得了辉锑矿反射率光谱图，光性特征，非均质旋转角等可靠的矿物学数据。     

岩石显微构造分析现代技术——EBSD技术及应用

EBSD技术的发展，为岩石显微构造分析开辟了一个全新的领域。它与现代扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析等设备配合，可以同时对块状样品进行晶体结构与成分分析,从而使显微构造、微区成分与结晶学数据分析有机结合起来。 EBSD技术可以精确、快速定量标定包括各种晶系晶体颗粒的晶格方位和描述晶体颗粒的边界、形态等特征，对于具有低角度边界的晶体颗粒提供精确数据,为阐述岩石变形机制提供重要约束，并为高级晶族和不透明矿物结晶学组构与变形机制研究提供了有效的手段。EBSD尤其使获取微米级甚至纳米级尺度上颗粒（亚颗粒）或相之间的定向差别（达到20 nm的空间分辨率和0.3度角度分辨率）成为可能。EBSD技术在矿物相鉴定、亚微域内的应变分析、矿物出溶作用等方面的应用，进一步证明了这一新技术在显微构造分析及相关领域的应用前景。其广泛应用必将带来岩石显微构造研究的新突破，也将成为未来岩石变形机制与岩石圈流变学研究取得飞速发展不可或缺的技术手段。     

构造岩中变形机制与变形结构

构造岩中的变形机制有三种类型：物质扩散迁移、晶体塑性变形和粒间摩擦滑移作用和破裂作用。它们形成的变形结构有：磨蚀边结构、山羊须结构、雪球结构、显微石香肠、残斑旋转、压力影、分结条带、拨丝结构、变形纹，变形条带、机械双晶、显微膝折、亚晶粒、核幔结构、剪切阶步、云母鱼和矩形边等。它们对研究变形作用与变质作用的关系，对揭示构造变形的演化历史和确定变形环境具有重要意义。     

半坡锑矿床的几个低温地球化学问题讨论

贵州半坡锑矿床为一低温层控交错型大型辉锑矿床,矿床产于独山箱状背斜近轴部,泥盆系丹林组石英砂岩中,沿北北西向陡倾角扭性断裂——半坡断层层布,辉锑矿直接充填在断层破碎带及其旁侧裂隙中,呈大脉体。矿石类型以石英-辉锑矿为主,石英-辉锑矿-黄铁矿次之。闺岩蚀变以硅化为主,次为方解石化、白云石化、重晶石化(少量)。沿半坡断层向南有贝达、甲(?)、巴年等锑矿点分布。目前半坡锑矿床的勘探工作已经结束,而对控矿条件及矿床成因等方面的研究尚待深入,这对于进一步找矿工作尤为重要。为此,试对半坡矿     

川西北微细浸染型金矿床中毒砂标型特征

川西北地区微细浸染型金矿床，主要产于具轻微变质的沉积岩地层中，矿石中除见极少中一细粒显微状自然金外，金主要呈超（次）显微状赋存于含金矿物中；矿石中与黄铁矿，辉锑矿，雄黄等紧密共生的毒砂，呈针状和梭状，低显微硬度，矿物成分以富硫讽的盆砷，并含金贫解及多种杂质元素。成分复杂的含金低温型毒砂，为寻找该类型金矿的标志矿物之一，并具有成因标型意义。     

皖南锑矿带富硒,碲辉锑矿的矿物学特征及其地质意义

本文讨论了皖南锑矿辉锑矿的产形、形态、物性、化学成分、硫同位素组成等特征，得出如下结论：辉锑矿形成于中低温热液环境，辉锑矿的ａ０值与形成温度呈负相关；辉锑矿为富Ｓｅ，Ｔｅ辉锑矿，Ｓｅ，Ｔｅ有综合利用价值；皖南锑矿带很可能是Ｓｅ，Ｔｅ成矿远景区。     

水在大别山榴辉岩的绿辉石变形中的作用

大别山超高压变质带内发育强烈变形的榴辉岩,其中的绿辉石被强烈拉长变形,形成LPO组构。通过透射电镜观察和测试,笔者在变形的绿辉石晶体中不仅识别出自由位错、位错环和位错墙等塑性变形结构特征,而且还识别出水汽泡。这些水汽泡常常与位错环相共生。同时通过显微红外光     

运用显微构造分析方法讨论西秦岭某铀矿床矿化活动的构造环境

本文运用显微构造分析方法,讨论成岩期后铀矿化活动的构造环境。文中指出:矿化活动的首要条件是构造扰动;铀源质量改善和其后的叠加富集是矿化过程中的两次重要事件;吸附着铀的炭经构造重结晶作用从晶体中排出,从而改善了铀源质量;获释的炭和铀沿张性、张扭性裂隙聚集形成矿体;构造的作用在于提供了改变铀源的动力条件和矿化富集的空间场所。 方解石变形双晶、压溶缝合线等显微构造分析结果,一致表明区内引起变形的主应力近于水平。由压溶和重结晶前后矿物总表面积的变化推算的矿物表面能的变化为0.133J/cm3,以衡量应力强度。由动态重结晶颗粒粒度法估算的贮存着矿体的断裂的差异应力(σ_1-σ_3)为24—51MPa,且铀量随差异应力的增大而增加。     

柴达木盆地周边断裂超微构造变形特征及其应力-应变环境

通过断裂超微变形构造分析,对柴达木盆地周边断裂构造发育的应力-应变环境进行了较为深入的探讨。研究结果表明:新高泉断裂超微构造以密度较低的平直位错线为典型特征,反映了相对较低的应力-应变环境;大头羊逆冲断裂位错密度高,位错形态复杂,呈弯曲状延伸,局部发育位错环,应力-应变环境较高;绿梁山逆冲断裂的超微构造以亚颗粒的普遍发育为显著特征,表明应变环境已达恢复阶段;纳赤台逆冲断裂的超微构造较为复杂,位错线、位错壁和亚颗粒都有不同程度的发育,表明变形的复杂性。根据超微构造的特征,这对不同断裂的古构造应力和应变速率进行了计算。      

Stibnite microstructures as imprints of fault movement

The natural deformation of stibnite in relation to the kinematic history of a regional fault is resolved using microstructural analysis of massive stibnite along the Biards Fault in the Massif Central (France). Stibnite underwent intra-crystalline deformation associated with a strong linear and planar anisotropy. Lepidoblastic textures, undulatory extinction of oriented grains, growth of antimony between these grains, and a colour change of stibnite from white to black, result from dynamic recrystallisation. A range of asymmetric microstructures indicate non-coaxial deformation and a left-lateral sense of shear, related to the movement of the fault zone. The computed displacement corresponds to the geological offsets measured along the fault. We conclude that stibnite has microstructurally recorded the bulk kinematics of its host fault zone.Editorial Handling: F. Tornos     

西藏罗布莎地幔橄榄岩变形显微构造特征及其地质意义

地幔橄榄岩是罗布莎蛇绿岩的主要组成成分之一,通过显微构造特征可对其变形特征进行分析,确定流变学参数,探讨地幔橄榄岩的变形历史。以蛇纹石化程度较低的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩为研究对象,橄榄石位错特征研究显示,本区橄榄石主要发育了低温常见的直线型自由位错,局部可见位错弓弯、位错环、位错壁等高温位错,反映罗布莎地幔橄榄岩变形以低温塑性流变为主,局部经历了高温塑性流变,主导变形机制为位错蠕变。橄榄石自由位错统计结果表明,二辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石自由位错密度为4.422×107/cm2,方辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石为9.137×107/cm2,变形过程中所受差异应力分别为65MPa和93MPa。橄榄石和斜方辉石显微组构测量采用了电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),分析结果表明,橄榄石均发育A型组构,为浅部地幔常见的组构类型,该结果与金刚石、柯石英等超高压矿物所指示的形成深度不一致。     

Low-Temperature Plasticity of Naturally Deformed Calcite Rocks

Optical, cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses were conducted on four groups of calcite fault rocks, a cataclastic limestone, cataclastic coarse-grained marbles from two fault zones, and a fractured mylonite. These fault rocks show similar microstructural characteristics and give clues to similar processes of rock deformation. They are characterized by the structural contrast between macroscopic cataclastic (brittle) and microscopic mylonitic (ductile) microstructures. Intragranular deformation microstructures (i.e. deformation twins, kink bands and microfractures) are well preserved in the deformed grains in clasts or in primary rocks. The matrix materials are of extremely fine grains with diffusive features. Dislocation microstructures for co-existing brittle deformation and crystalline plasticity were revealed using TEM. Tangled dislocations are often preserved at the cores of highly deformed clasts, while dislocation walls form in the transitions to the fine-grained     

Microstructural evidence for the transition from dislocation creep to dislocation-accommodated grain boundary sliding in naturally deformed plagioclase

We use quantitative microstructural analysis including misorientation analysis based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data to investigate deformation mechanisms of naturally deformed plagioclase in an amphibolite gabbro mylonite. The sample is from lower oceanic crust exposed near the Southwest Indian Ridge, and it has a high ratio of recrystallized matrix grains to porphyroclasts. Microstructures preserved in porphyroclasts suggest that early deformation was achieved principally by dislocation creep with subgrain rotation recrystallization; recrystallized grain (average diameter ∼8 μm) microstructures indicate that subsequent grain boundary sliding (GBS) was active in the continued deformation of the recrystallized matrix. The recrystallized matrix shows four-grain junctions, randomized misorientation axes, and a shift towards higher angles for neighbor-pair misorientations, all indicative of GBS. The matrix grains also exhibit a shape preferred orientation, a weak lattice preferred orientation consistent with slip on multiple slip systems, and intragrain microstructures indicative of dislocation movement. The combination of these microstructures suggest deformation by dislocation-accommodated GBS (DisGBS). Strain localization within the recrystallized matrix was promoted by a transition from grain size insensitive dislocation creep to grain size sensitive GBS, and sustained by the maintenance of a small grain size during superplasticity.     

Microstructural Features of Garnets in Jadeite Quartzite from Dabie Mountains, China

The research into the high- pressure(HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metam orphism has remained on the cuttingedge as well as a hot issue in the contemporary geosciencessince the coesite and diamond were discovered in the metamor-phic rocks.The jadeite quartzite from Anhui Province occur-ring as lenses within gneisses contains a m ineral assem blage ofjadeite,garnet and quartz.The discovery of coesite and itspseudomorphs in jadeite and garnet proves that the jadeitequartzite is an im portan…     

湖南沃溪钨-锑-金矿床的矿石组构学特征及其成因意义

通过对湖南沃溪矿床的宏观至微观尺度上的矿石组构学研究，揭示出矿床系同生热水沉积成因。层状矿体、细脉状矿化以及围岩蚀变之间的空间关系，指示了矿石与其所赋存的围岩同时形成。矿床形成后的变质—变形作用，主要使矿物发生重结晶、碎裂、位错以及小范围的再活化等。     

Estimates of differential stress recorded in the dislocation structure of Lochseiten Limestone (Switzerland)

A number of samples of Lochseitenkalk collected within the presumed shear zone at the base of the Glarus overthrust show surprisingly high dislocation density. According to the experimentally established correlation between dislocation density and differential stress, these imply a most recent deformation at mean differential stress levels near two kilobars. Other textural evidence in the specimens is compatible with such high stresses. Experimental data on the flow and fracture of fine-grained limestones indicates that the last deformation which is recorded in the microstructures occurred below 300° C in a region in which mechanical properties are comparatively temperature-insensitive, possibly as the ductile motion “froze” during cooling.     

碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩的显微构造及成因机制

对超高压变质带中橄榄岩变形显微构造的研究, 有助于了解板块边界构造环境中地幔物质的流变性质和变形机制, 进而探讨其在深俯冲/折返过程中的地球动力学过程的作用.采用光学显微镜、电子探针、红外光谱、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、位错氧化缀饰等多种方法系统研究了来自中国大别碧溪岭的石榴异剥橄榄岩中的变形显微构造.研究结果表明: (1)碧溪岭石榴异剥橄榄岩发育较好的形状优选方位, 但只有单斜辉石显示了强晶格优选方位, 而橄榄石晶格优选方位很弱, 与常见上地幔橄榄岩中单斜辉石组构弱而橄榄石组构强的特点差异显著, 反映了单斜辉石经历位错蠕变而橄榄石经历位错调节的颗粒边界滑移变形; (2)碧溪岭异剥橄榄岩中单斜辉石和橄榄石均含有一定量的结构水, 其中单斜辉石含水量124×10-6~274×10-6, 橄榄石含水量38×10-6~80×10-6, 高于常见造山带橄榄岩中各矿物的含水量, 可能反映了壳源物质混染引起的高含水量变形环境; (3)橄榄石中发育显著位错显微构造, 根据位错显微构造计算的变形差异应力为230~600 MPa, 高于正常上地幔稳态流变应力, 反映了俯冲带中的相对低温变形环境.综合分析研究表明, 超高压变质带中的高压、低温、高差异应力和高结构水含量是形成碧溪岭相对独特的橄榄石、单斜辉石变形显微构造的原因.      

Experimental deformation of partially melted granitic aggregates

Abstract The effects of varying amounts of partial melt on the deformation of granitic aggregates have been tested experimentally at conditions (900°C, 1500 MPa, 10^-4 to 10^-6/s) where melt-free samples deform by dislocation creep, with microstructures approximately equivalent to those of upper greenschist facies. Experiments were performed on samples of various grain sizes, including an aplite (150 μm) and sintered aggregates of quartz-albitemicrocline (10–50 and 2–10 μm). Water was added to the samples to obtain various amounts of melt (1–15% in the aplite, 1–5% in the sintered aggregates). Optical and TEM observations of the melt distribution in hydrostatically annealed samples show that the melt in the sintered aggregates is homogeneously distributed along an interconnected network of triple junction channels, while the melt in the aplites is inhomogeneously distributed. The effect of partial melt on deformation depends an melt amount and distribution, grain size and strain rate. For samples deformed with ? 1% melt, all grain sizes exhibit microstructures indicative of dislocation creep. For samples deformed with 3–5% melt, the 150 μm and 10–50 μm grain size samples also exhibit dislocation creep microstructures, but the 2–10 μm grain size samples exhibit abundant TEM-scale evidence of dissolution-precipitation and little evidence of dislocation activity, suggesting a switch in deformation mechanism to predominantly melt-enhanced diffusion creep. At natural strain rates melt-enhanced diffusion creep would predominate at larger grain sizes, although probably not for most coarse-grained granites. The effects of melt percentage and strain rate have been studied for the 150 μm aplites. For samples with ? 5 and 10% melt, deformation at 10^–6/s squeezes excess melt out of the central compressed region allowing predominantly dislocation creep. Conversely, deformation at 10^-5/s produces considerable cataclasis presumably because the excess melt cannot flow laterally fast enough and a high pore fluid pressure results. For samples with 15% melt, deformation at both strain rates produces cataclasis, presumably because the inhomogeneous melt distribution resulted in regions of decoupled grains, which would produce high stress concentrations at point contacts. At natural strain rates there should be little or no cataclasis if an equilibrium melt texture exists and if the melt can flow as fast as the imposed strain rate. However, if the melt is confined and cannot migrate, a high pore fluid pressure should promote brittle deformation.