阴离子交换色谱分离和测定微量单矿物方铅矿和闪锌矿中铜、铅、锌、银、铋、镉、锰、钴和镍等元素

微量单矿物方铅矿和闪锌矿中主体元素和痕量元素的多项分析,作者根据金属元素在阴离子交换树脂上与在盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、硫酸溶液之间的行为差别,试验了用阴离子交换色谱分离的条件,选用不同浓度的盐酸溶液洗提铜、钴、镍、锰、铅和银;氢溴酸溶液洗提锌;硝酸溶液洗提镉;最后用硫酸溶液洗提铋。本文所拟定的分析流程简便,试用于微量单矿物方铅矿和闪锌矿中九个元素的测定,效果较好。     

阳离子交换色谱分组分离和测定硅酸盐岩石和水系沉积物中十四个微量元素

本文在我们过去工作的基础上,进一步试验了化探样品中多种痕量元素分组分离的条件,选用高氯酸—过氧化氢溶液洗提钼、磷、钨和钒;氢溴酸溶液洗提铋、镉、铅和锂;硫酸—过氧化氢溶液洗提铀;不同浓度的盐酸洗提钴、镍、铜、锰、锌和稀土;最后用草酸铵溶液洗提钍。试用于水系沉积物样品中十四个痕量元素分析,检出限、精密度和准确度都较好。     

阳离子交换色谱分组分离和测定硅酸盐岩石和水系沉积物中十四个微量元

本文在我们过去工作的基础上,进一步试验了化探样品中多种痕量元素分组分离的条件,选用高氯酸—过氧化氢溶液洗提钼、磷、钨和钒;氢溴酸溶液洗提铋、镉,铅和锂;硫酸—过氧化氢溶液洗提铀;不同浓度的盐酸洗提钴、镍、铜,锰、锌和稀土;最后用草酸铵溶液洗提钍。试用于水系沉积物样品中十四个痕量元素分析,检出限、精密度和准确度都较好。     

使用Dowex A-1(H~+)和Zeokarb 226(H~+)连续分离独居石中的铀钍和稀土

当pH 1.0的稀土、钍和铀的硫酸盐溶液,通过Dowex A-1(H~+)交换柱(1.5×12厘米)时,稀土流出。用6N盐酸洗提钍,接着用2N硝酸洗提铀。当pH2.0稀土、钍和铀的硝酸盐溶液,在1,10-菲绕啉存在下,装入Zeokarb 226(H~+)柱时,稀土流出。用pH4.5的0.05MEDIA洗提钍,接着用2N盐酸洗提铀。这些分离流程已成功地应用于独居石样品的分析。     

全岩中微量铅分离方法的实验研究

方法在Dowlx1－x8或AG1－x8强碱性阴离子交换树脂上，用0．1mol／L氢溴酸作洗提剂，成功地将Ph（Ⅱ）与Fe（Ⅲ）、Zn（Ⅱ）、Ca（Ⅲ）等十多种元素离子一次分离，6mol／L盐酸解析铅，制备出纯度高的铅同位素质谱分析样品，提高分析准确度及精密度，方法简便、快速、适应各类岩石及矿物。     

全岩中微量铅分离方法的实验研究

方法在Ｄｏｗｌｘ１－ｘ８或ＡＧ１－ｘ８强碱性阴离子交换树脂上，用０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氢溴酸作洗提剂，成功地将Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）与Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）、Ｃａ（Ⅲ）等十多种元素离子一次分离，６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸解析铅，制备出纯度高的铅同位素质谱分析样品，提高分析准确度及精密度，方法简便、快速、适应各类岩石及矿物。     

电感耦合等离子体——直读光谱法测定方铅矿单矿物中的微量元素

本文介绍以盐酸及硝酸溶解矿样,在盐酸、硫酸介质中分别测定方铅矿单矿物中Ag、Cd、Cu、Mn、In、As、Co、Ga、Sb、Ti、V、Zn、Cr十三个元素的分析程序及干扰校正步骤。 方法简便、快速,不必经过复杂的分离操作手续,一次称样同时实现多元素测定,可节省样品用量。减少试剂污染,缩短分析周期,各元素测定的相对标准偏差均小于10％,可满足单矿物生产及科研的要求。     

川滇黔地区铅锌矿床中锗的富集规律研究

利用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析了川滇黔地区7个铅锌矿床（大梁子、天宝山、会泽、富乐、杉树林、青山、牛角塘）的49件闪锌矿和方铅矿单矿物样品中分散元素锗的含量,结果表明锗富集于闪锌矿中,方铅矿中不富集锗。对文献报道的锗富集于方铅矿中的结论和数据进行了分析,指出了这些结论所依据的电子探针分析数据不可信的可能原因：方铅矿中检测出锗可能是分析过程中电子束穿插了其他锗含量较高的矿物所致;闪锌矿中未检测出锗是由于锗的含量相对较低,小于电子探针仪器的检测限所致;本次分析的7个矿床的闪锌矿中锗的平均含量为0.0125%,而电子探针仪器的检测限为0.02%。     

等离子体直读光谱法分析以Pb、Zn、Cu、Fe为基体的硫化矿物的研究

近年来地质科研工作对单矿物分析提出了新的任务。除主、次元素外,还要求测定微量元素。地质科学工作者已把微量元素研究作为探索矿床成因的主要手段之一。本文继黄铁矿分析之后,试图把等离子体直读光谱分析技术的应用扩大到其他硫化矿单矿物的分析领域。具体实验包括闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铜矿。     

辽宁吕家堡子铅—锌矿床的构造地球化学研究

本文以该矿区矿石矿物磁铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿的组合在空间上的宏观变化和磁铁矿、闪锌矿单矿物中的微量元素含量在垂向上的增减趋势为素材,通过对矿区成矿构造地质环境的分析,阐明了矿床的构造地球化学特征,认为成矿主元素的分异和单矿物中微量元素的增减趋势,是成矿元素构造地球化学行为的反映,而构造应力梯度、热动力梯度及氧化-还原程度的差异则是在成矿期共同影响元素构造地球化学行为的因素。     

The interrelationships among trace element cycling,nutrient loading,and system complexity in estuaries: A mesocosm study

Biogeochemical interactions between a suite of trace elements and nutrients were examined in a series of experimental mesocosm experiments to understand how multiple stressors affect estuarine environments and how these effects are modified by the complexity of the system used to examine them. Experimental treatment included additions of nutrients and trace elements separately and combined, along with a gradient in experimental system complexity. Eight mesocosm experiments were carried out from 1996 through 1998. Increased nutrients generally decreased dissolved trace element concentrations, in large part through an increase in phytoplankton biomass, but also by increasing the concentration of metals in the particles. Trace element additions increased dissolved nutrients by decreasing phytoplankton biomass. The presence of sediments reduced both dissolved trace element and nutrient concentrations. Other complexity treatments had weaker effects on both dissolved nutrients and trace elements. Many of the observed effects appeared to be seasonal, occurring only in spring, or their magnitude was greater in spring. This may be linked to a change from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation that often occurs in the Patuxent River estuary in the late spring or early summer period.     

遥感影像分辨率分析技术在滑坡研究中的应用

采用定性与定量相结合的方法对滑坡要素进行了深入分析。将滑坡要素划分为空间要素、时间要素和岩土性质要素3个方面,并分别讨论它们与遥感影像空间分辨率、时间分辨率和波谱分辨率的关系。首先对各滑坡要素进行了定性分析,然后提出了判识滑坡空间要素的定量依据;提出了通过遥感影像计算滑动速率的公式,以此作为按照时间分辨率选择遥感数据的依据;最后提出为判识岩土性质要素应采用高波谱分辨率遥感影像的观点。     

Taxonomical and Biogeochemical Investigation of Elements in Holocene Mollusk Shells in the South and Southwestern Marmara Basin, Turkey

Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr,Ga,Ni,Zn,Mo,Cu, Pb,Yb,Y,Nb,Ti,Sr,Ba,Mn,Sc,Co,V,Zr,Fe,Al,W,Se,Bi,Sb,As,Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated.The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups.Of these,concentrations of 12 elements(As,Bi,Cd,Co,Ga,Mo,Nb, Sb,Se,Sc,W and Yb)are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10~(-6)];concentrations of seven elements(Cr,Ni, Pb,V,Y,Zr and Cu)are(1.0-6.0)×10~(-6);concentrations of four elements(Ti,Mn,Ba and Zn)are 10- 20×10~(-6);and concentrations of five elements(Si,Al,Fe,Mg and Sr)are(47.44-268.11)×10~(-6).The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina(Linné),Pitar-rudis(Poll),Nassarius reticulatus(Linné),Venerupis senescens (Coocconi),Mytilus galloprovincialis(Lamarck),Mytilaster lineatus(Gemelin in Linné)and Chlamys glabra.It was found that,in mollusk taxonomy,the elements have unique values.In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks.In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment.Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment.     

淮南矿区煤中12种微量元素的赋存状态及环境效应

为研究淮南矿区煤中微量元素的赋存状态和环境效应,在淮南矿区7个矿井共采集17个样品,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定了12种微量元素的含量,分别利用聚类分析和因子分析,结合其地球化学性质,讨论了它们的赋存状态,并采用静态燃烧实验研究其挥发性。结果表明:研究的元素没有异常富集;Zn和Cu赋存于闪锌矿中,Cr、Pb和Cd被粘土矿物吸附,Ba可能赋存于铁白云石和方解石中,Ni、Mo、Co和As主要赋存于黄铁矿中,Be和Se以有机结合态存在;研究的元素大多不易挥发,但Zn和Pb易挥发,且含量较高,环境危害较大,Zn和Pb分别赋存于闪锌矿和粘土矿物中,可通过洗选脱除减小其危害。      

Taxonomical and Biogeochemical Investigation of Elements in Holocene Mollusk Shells in the South and Southwestern Marmara Basin,Turkey

Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Yb, Y, Nb, Ti, Sr, Ba, Mn, Sc, Co, V, Zr, Fe, Al, W, Se, Bi, Sb, As, Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated. The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups. Of these, concentrations of 12 elements （As, Bi, Cd, Co, Ga, Mo, Nb, Sb, Se, Sc, W and Yb） are below zero [（0.053-0.79）×10^-6]; concentrations of seven elements （Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Y, Zr and Cu） are （1.0-6.0）×10^-6; concentrations of four elements （Ti, Mn, Ba and Zn） are 10- 20×10^-6; and concentrations of five elements （Si, Al, Fe, Mg and Sr） are （47.44-268.11）×10^-6. The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina （Linn6）, Pitar rudis （Poli）, Nassarius reticulatus （Linn6）, Venerupis senescens （Coocconi）, Mytilus galloprovincialis （Lamarck）, Mytilaster lineatus （Gemelin in Linne） and Chlamys glabra. It was found that, in mollusk taxonomy, the elements have unique values. In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks. In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment. Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment.     

浙江安吉铅锌多金属矿区细粒花岗岩的岩石化学、年代学及成矿意义探讨

文章在详细的野外地质调查、岩石学、岩石化学和锆石U-Pb定年结果基础上,对浙江安吉矿区细粒花岗岩的岩浆起源、侵位时代与成矿的关系及找矿指示意义等进行了较为深入的探讨.细粒花岗岩侵位时代日于矿区的黑云母二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩,侵位时代约在134 Ma左右,为中国东部东侏罗世一早白垩世岩石圈活化及大规模成岩成矿作用的产物.岩石化学研究结果表明,细粒花岗岩属高钾钙碱性钾玄岩、过铝质岩石系列,轻稀士元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K、轻稀土元素和Pb,明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P,显示较高的分异程度.据根锆饱和温度,计算其母岩浆结晶温度约在834.6 ～ 870.6℃.结合矿区已知的矿化和蚀变与细粒花岗岩的空间关系、细粒花岗岩岩石化学特征以及细粒花岗岩与矿石铅同位素研究结果,笔者认为,安吉铅锌多金属矿区铅锌钼矿化与细粒花岗岩具有密切的成因联系,细粒花岗岩与寒武系灰岩接触部位控制了矽卡岩型铅锌矿化的产出,这一成果对该区的进一步找矿勘查具有重要的指导意义.     

A consideration of some hidden hydromorphic effects on the fines of glacial tills in the Kuhmo-Suomussalmi area, eastern Finland

The silt and clay-size (minus 0.063 mm) fractions of 766 samples of glacial tills from the Kuhmo-Suomussalmi area in eastern Finland were analyzed for 8 trace and minor elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe) by AAS after hot 7 mol/I HNO, dissolution treatment. The results were treated statistically. Threshold values were calculated separately for those tills overlying gneissic basement on the one hand and greenstone belt on the other. The results show that the overall element levels for the metals in the area are lower than elsewhere in Finland by a factor which varies between 1 and 46. The reason for the differences may be the absence of preglacial weathering material in the till fines which elsewhere enhance element levels. Marked differences in the element levels over each bedrock subunit show up in the overlying tills. Correlation, regression and factor analyses show that the elements have high mutual correlations suggestive of hydromorphic alteration, even though the macroscopically hydromorphic samples were omitted from the statistical analyses. The effect is weak, however, and does not suppress the primary correlation, which results in the emergence of two factors in factor analysis of the geochemical data of the greenstone belt tills, the Co-Cr-Cu-Mn-Ni-Fe and Pb-Zn factors, the latter corresponding to one of the two known types of mineralization encountered in the underlying bedrock.     

Trend-surface analysis of distribution of some heavy minerals in shelf sediments off Mangalore, India

The mineralogy of the 0.062–0.125 and 0.125–0.25 mm fractions of 58 selected samples from a set of 78 samples collected at a spacing of 1–2 km in the inner shelf of Mangalore were studied. Trend-surface analysis of distribution of the heavy minerals, hornblende, muscovite, garnet, and sillimanite, were made to determine the various factors controlling the mineral-distribution patterns in the area. Parts of the area showing contrasting environments were analyzed separately to determine the relationship of the regional and local trends and the various factors controlling the trends. The linear, quadratic and cubic trends for hornblende, garnet, and sillimanite were controlled by the source, westerly river flow and southerly currents; for mica, the response to processes has been the main factor. The mineral distribution in this area is mainly the result of dynamic interaction of process and response elements and a process-response model is suggested.Published with permission of the Director General, Geological Survey of India.     

原子吸收光谱同时测定多元素的研究

本文着重从提高原子吸收光谱分析的效率出发,利用等离子体光源和光谱仪以替代目前原子吸收光谱分析所用的空心阴极灯和单色器系统,对多种元素进行同时测定。选用了Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn等四个元素进行实验,结果良好。此外,对这种方法的特点以及在实际工作中的应用等方面也作了简要叙述。