华南陆壳改造系列花岗岩类型划分和成岩物质来源

本文将华南陆壳改造系列花岗岩进一步划分为同造山混合花岗岩和岩浆花岗岩型、非造山陆壳重熔型和同碰撞型3类。根据锶、钕同位素测定值,依壳、幔二元混合模型方法计算了3类花岗岩源区物质的构成:第一类型为上壳端元占78.6—89.7％,亏损地幔端元占15.0—10.3％;第二类型为上壳端元占63.7％,亏损地幔端元占36.3％;第三类型上壳端元占100％。均以上壳端元为主。     

花岗岩类的地质环境—成因分类

根据成岩地质环境和岩石成因，花岗岩类总的可分为三大类，（１）板块俯冲－碰撞型－壳源重熔型（简称重熔型）及板块俯冲－碰撞型－壳幔混合源（心个地幔物质来源为主）同熔型（简称同熔型）成对花岗岩。（２）裂谷型－幔源分异型（简称分异型）花岗岩类，它包括大陆裂谷型－分异型碱性花岗岩和大洋裂谷型－分异型大洋斜长花岗岩两类。（３）地槽型－壳幔混合源（以陆壳或上地幔物质来源为主）花岗岩化型（简称花岗岩化型）花岗岩类     

个旧锡矿区两个成岩系列的演化

根据岩浆岩的物源、岩类、物化特征及成因将个旧地区的火成岩划分为幔源分异系列和壳源重熔系列。幔源分异系列经历了从火山岩到侵入岩演化阶段,火山岩阶段由拉斑玄武岩系经高铝玄武岩系演化到碱性玄武岩系;侵入岩阶段由基性演化到碱性岩浆岩(斑岩)。壳源重熔系列在矿区仅有重熔岩浆阶段,经历了从混染型(斑状)到侵入型(粒状)花岗岩的发展过程。     

锶同位素初始比值在划分花岗岩成因类型上的应用探讨

本文根据吴利仁的锶同位素初始比值(Ⅰ值)演化图解,计算出划分花岗岩成因类型分界线的三条直线方程:(1)幔源型与幔壳混源型分界线方程;(2)混源型与壳源型分界线方程;(3)壳源型中,下地壳与上地壳分界线方程。只要知道一个花岗岩体的形成年龄和Ⅰ值,就可以根据三个方程的分界值准确地判定其成因类型。这种利用Ⅰ值线方程定量地划分花岗岩成因类型的方法,符合Ⅰ值随时间推移而增长的规律,比目前采用的固定值法更加合理。此外,根据(1)、(2)二个方程,应用杠杆原理,还可大致估计幔、壳源岩的百分比。     

华南花岗岩型铀矿床的形成与活动大陆边缘陆壳演化的关系

我国花岗岩型铀矿床集中产出在华南陆壳成熟度较高的特定部位,其特征是:地壳厚度大(莫霍面深度大干36km);陆壳增生范围宽(1000km以上),地壳铀含量偏高,其中沉积壳层平均铀含量为5.69ppm,花岗岩的平均铀含量为10.5ppm。产铀花岗岩体的源岩物质来自地壳,是陆壳多次增生和重熔分异的产物。对花岗岩型铀矿床的物质成分、元素组合及同位素组成的研究表明,成矿物质主要来自地壳岩石,是华南地壳多次活化改造的结果。     

滇西地区壳源重熔花岗岩岩石类型,系列及与成矿的关系

滇西地区花岗岩根据其物源及岩石特征可划分为幔源分异和壳源重熔两大岩石系列,并将壳源重熔系列细分为三个成因类型和相应的成岩阶段。本文着重探讨壳源重熔花岗岩的时空分布、地质特征、演化及其与锡-多金属成矿的关系。滇西地区壳源重熔花岗岩纵向上可以构成一个完整的成岩成矿系列,横向上随同一类花岗岩岩浆分异又演化为若干亚系列。云龙锡矿带的志本山、石缸河和铁厂锡矿床是混染型亚系列系统演化的实例。     

花岗岩中矿物成因类型划分的初步建议

不论花岗岩是交代成因的,还是岩浆成因的,其形成的过程主要是在大陆壳的范围内进行的。交代成因的花岗岩,自不待言交代前钓源岩是陆壳的岩石;而花岗岩浆,除极少数是地幔源的玄武岩浆结晶分异晚期的产物,或直接来自地幔中的石榴石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融外,绝大多数花岗岩浆都是大陆壳重熔或部分熔融形成的。     

广西各成因类型花岗岩的特征及演化

广西花岗岩类分布广泛,出露面积近二万平方公里。据可靠的地质及同位素年龄资料,将岩体划分为四堡期、雪峰期、加里东期、华力西期、印支期、燕山期。花岗岩岩类多样,且与内生金属成矿有密切关系。本文在1∶20万区调工作所取得的丰富资料基础上,拟就广西花岗岩类成因分类及其特征、演化作初步探讨。据广西花岗岩类的地质背景,岩石学、岩石化学、副矿物、成矿、同位素组成等方面的显著差异,将花岗岩类初步划分为幔源分异型、壳源交代型、壳源重熔型、混合源同熔型。 (一)幔源分异型(简称分异型):系上地幔玄武岩浆分异产物,并有硅铝层物质混     

关于《锶同位素初始比值在划分花岗岩成因类型上的应用探讨》的商榷

邢凤鸣同志在《锶同位素初始比值在划分花岗岩成因类型上的应用探讨》一文(岩石学报1987年第2期)中,“根据吴利仁的锶同位素初始比值(Ⅰ值)演化图解,计算出划分花岗岩成因类型分界线的三条直线方程:(1) 幔源型与幔壳型分界线方程;(2) 混源型与壳源型分界线方程;(3) 壳源型中,下     

华南中生代同熔系列花岗岩类的Nd-Sr同位素特征及成因讨论

本文讨论了华南20个同熔系列花岗岩类的Nd-Sr同位素组成。根据样品的同位素组成及其在￠Nd-T,(87Sr/86Sr)i-T和￠Nd-￠Sr图上的分布特征,认为这些同熔系列花岗岩类是华南上地壳端员和亏损地幔端员按一定比例混合的产物。利用简单二元混合方程计算了这些花岗岩体的壳幔混合比例。根据产出的大地构造环境和物质来源,华南同熔系列花岗岩类可划分为三种类型:大陆边缘型,大陆内部型和断裂拗陷带型。     

内蒙古温都尔庙群变质基性火山岩Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素年代研究

温都尔庙群主要分布在内蒙古温都尔庙地区,该套地层是白乃庙-温都尔庙构造岩浆带的重要组成部分。长期以来,由于缺少古生物化石和可信的年龄数据,一般认为温都尔庙群属早古生代。本文对温都尔庙群变基性火山岩进行了Sm-Nd和Rb-Sr同位素研究,5件变基性火山岩全岩样品Sm-Nd和Rb-Sr等时线年龄分别为961±66Ma和624±110Ma,并对其形成时代和成因提出了一些新看法。     

Proterozoic Gremyakha-Vyrmes Polyphase Massif, Kola Peninsula: An example of mixing basic and alkaline mantle melts

The paper presents newly obtained data on the geological structure, age, and composition of the Gremyakha-Vyrmes Massif, which consists of rocks of the ultrabasic, granitoid, and foidolite series. According to the results of the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd geochronologic research and the U-Pb dating of single zircon grains, the three rock series composing the massif were emplaced within a fairly narrow age interval of 1885 ± 20 Ma, a fact testifying to the spatiotemporal closeness of the normal ultrabasic and alkaline melts. The interaction of these magmas within the crust resulted in the complicated series of derivatives of the Gremyakha-Vyrmes Massif, whose rocks show evidence of the mixing of compositionally diverse mantle melts. Model simulations based on precise geochemical data indicate that the probable parental magmas of the ultrabasic series of this massif were ferropicritic melts, which were formed by endogenic activity in the Pechenga-Varzuga rift zone. According to the simulation data, the granitoids of the massif were produced by the fractional crystallization of melts genetically related to the gabbro-peridotites and by the accompanying assimilation of Archean crustal material with the addition of small portions of alkaline-ultrabasic melts. The isotopic geochemical characteristics of the foidolites notably differ from those of the other rocks of the massif: together with carbonatites, these rocks define a trend implying the predominance of a more depleted mantle source in their genesis. The similarities between the Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics of foidolites from the Gremyakha-Vyrmes Massif and the rocks of the Tiksheozero Massif suggest that the parental alkaline-ultrabasic melts of these rocks were derived from an autonomous mantle source and were only very weakly affected by the crust. The occurrence of ultrabasic foidolites and carbonatites in the Gremyakha-Vyrmes Massif indicates that domains of metasomatized mantle material were produced in the sublithospheric mantle beneath the northeastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield already at 1.88 Ga, and these domains were enriched in incompatible elements and able to produce alkaline and carbonatite melts. The involvement of these domains in plume-lithospheric processes at 0.4–0.36 Ga gave rise to the peralkaline melts that formed the Paleozoic Kola alkaline province.     

Multi-proxy isotopic tracing of magmatic sources and crustal recycling in the Palaeozoic to Early Jurassic active margin of North-Western Gondwana

We trace source variations of active margin granitoids which crystallised intermittently over ~300 Ma in varying kinematic regimes, by combining zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data from Early Palaeozoic to Early Jurassic igneous and metaigneous rocks in the Mérida Andes, Venezuela and the Santander Massif, Colombia, with new whole rock Rb/Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data, and quartz O isotopic data. These new data are unique in South America because they were obtained from discrete magmatic and metamorphic zircon populations, providing a high temporal resolution dataset, and compare several isotopic systems on the same samples. Collectively, these data provide valuable insight into the evolution of the isotopic structure of the continental crust in long-lived active margins.Phanerozoic active margin-related granitoids in the Mérida Andes and the Santander Massif yield zircon Lu-Hf model ages ranging between 0.77 Ga and 1.57 Ga which clearly define temporal trends that can be correlated with changes in tectonic regimes. The oldest Lu-Hf model ages of >1.3 Ga are restricted to granitoids which formed during Barrovian metamorphism and crustal thickening between ~499 Ma and ~473 Ma. These granitoids yield high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, suggesting that evolved, Rb-rich middle to upper crust was the major source of melt. Granitoids and rhyolites which crystallised during subsequent extension between ~472 Ma and ~452 Ma yield younger Lu-Hf model ages of 0.80 Ga–1.3 Ga and low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, suggesting that they were derived from much more juvenile, Rb-poor sources such as mafic lower crust and mantle-derived melts. The rapid change in magmatic sources at ~472 Ma can be attributed either to reduced crustal assimilation during extension, or a short pulse of crustal growth by addition of juvenile material to the continental crust. Between ~472 Ma and ~196 Ma Lu-Hf model ages remain mostly constant between ~1.0 and ~1.2 Ga. The large scatter and the absence of definite trends in initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios suggest that both mafic, Rb-poor, and evolved Rb-rich sources were important precursors of active margin magmas in Colombia and Venezuela throughout the Palaeozoic to the Early Jurassic.Previous studies have shown that the genesis of arc magmas may be stimulated by heat advection to the crust during the underplating of mantle derived melt, but the absence of permanent younging trends in Lu-Hf model ages from ~472 Ma to ~196 Ma suggests that very little new crust was generated during this period in the studied region. An overwhelming majority of the analysed igneous rocks yield zircon Lu-Hf model ages of >1 Ga which may be accounted for by documented local crustal end members of 1 Ga–1.6 Ga, and do not require contributions from the depleted mantle. Therefore, recycling of ~1 Ga and older crust was a dominant process in the north-western corner of Gondwana between ~472 Ma and ~196 Ma.This study shows that whole rock Sm-Nd and zircon Lu-Hf data can be interpreted similarly regarding the age of the source regions, whereas Rb-Sr and O isotope data from the same rocks yield valuable information regarding the geochemical nature of the source.     

济阳凹陷火山岩的岩石学与地球化学

对济阳凹陷的第三系火山岩、基性侵入岩进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,分别总结了火山岩、基性侵入岩岩石类型及其特征。碱性系列玄武岩主要为钠质系列,具上地幔来源的特征。从古新统到渐新统,玄武岩熔融程度降低,岩浆地幔源深度增加。微量元素和同位素的数据表明,第三纪火山岩源区存在不协调现象。稀土元素分析表明,本区玄武岩为大陆裂谷成因。钐-钕、铷-锶及铅同位素的数据表明,火山岩与侵入岩同源,都来自上地幔。玄武岩浆在形成过程中有过不同程度的混合作用,Rb/Sr相关性表明早、晚第三纪的幔源类型上存在差别。第三纪火山岩数据点分布于DMM,EMIH和EMII三个端元之间,反映第三纪火山岩成因与这三个端元不同程度混合有关。本区火山岩成因与幔源有关,地幔不相容成分的特征表明有沉积物混入的可能,不排除是陆壳物质混入,不同深度岩浆的混合也是一种解释。     

Classification and Source Materials of Continental Crust Transformation Series Granitoids in South China

The granitoids of the continental crust transformation series in South China may be divided into threetypes: (1) synorogenic migmatic and magmatic type. (2) anorogenic continental crust anatexis type, and (3)syncollision type. Based on the results of Sr and Nd isotopic determinations, the source material compositionof the three types of granitoids is calculated with crust-mantle binary mixing simulation. The calculations indi-cate that the granitoids of the first type consist of 78.6-89.7% upper crust endmember materials and15.0-10.3% depleted mantle endmember materials, the granitoids of the second type are composed of 63.7%upper crust endmember materials and 36.3% depleted mantle endmember materials, and those of the third type100% upper crust endmember materials. Hence. the source material composition of the granitoids of all thethree types is dominated by upper crust endmembers.     

Early precambrian A-granitoids in the Aldan Shield and adjacent mobile belts: Sources and geodynamic environments

Systematized geological, geochronologic, geochemical, and Sm-Nd isotopic geochemical data obtained over the past decade on A-granitoids in the Aldan Shield and in adjacent mobile belts surrounding it in the south make it possible to identify the sources from which the rocks were derived and the geodynamic environments in which they were generated. The territory in question provides evidence of five episodes of Early Precambrian within-plate magmatism, including the derivation of A-granites: at 2.62, 2.40?C2.52, 2.07, 1.87?C1.88, and 1.70?C1.74 Ga. Although all of the granitoids were derived within plates, the environments of their derivation were different: (i) postcollisional lithospheric extension at 2.64 and 1.87?C1.88 Ga in an anorogenic environment and (ii) in relation to the activity of mantle plumes at 2.40?C2.52, 2.07, 1.74?C1.70 Ga. The postcollisional magmatism generated only potassic granitoids of the subalkaline type, whereas the anorogenic magmatic rocks comprise both subalkaline granitoids (of K series) and alkaline granites (of Na series), which are intensely fractionated and strongly enriched in incompatible elements. A-granitoids in the Aldan Shield and its surrounding folded structures were derived from mixed mantle-crustal sources. The sources of the subalkaline granitoids were dominated by the material of the continental lower crust, while the alkaline granitoids were derived from mantle sources. Thereby the mantle source material of the anorogenic granitoids consisted of an OIB-type component, and the postcollisional granitoids were derived from MORB and OIB sources.     

Character of formation of the Erdenet-Ovoo porphyry Cu-Mo magmatic center (northern Mongolia) in the zone of influence of a Permo-Triassic plume

The Erdenet-Ovoo magmatic center (EOMC) lies within the North Mongolian magmatic area formed through the interaction of a Permo-Triassic plume with the lithosphere in an environment of active continental margin. Two stages are recognized in the EOMC history: subduction stage with participation of basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite series and rifting stage with trachybasalt series. The granitoid magmatism (258–220 Ma) is expressed as the Selenge, Shivota, and ore-bearing porphyry complexes. The formation of the Selenge and Shivota granitoids was preceded by the intrusion of gabbroids. Trachybasalts formed during the granitoid magmatism after the Selenge complex, nearly synchronously with the Shivota and ore-bearing porphyry complexes. At the subduction stage of the EMC evolution, the plume influence is documented from the appearance of gabbros both depleted and enriched in lithophile trace elements similar to volcanic rocks of trachybasalt series and basaltoids of bimodal series in northern Mongolia. The Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope characteristics of the enriched gabbros suggest the participation of a lower mantle source in their formation. The plume, as a heat carrier, led to a large-scale manifestation of volcanism and, obviously, a wide development of basic rocks of this stage at depth. The basic rocks were the source of granitoid magma that produced the Selenge granitoids. The protolith melted in the >50 km thick crust preventing the wide manifestation of basaltoid volcanism in that period. The increased plume influence, rifting, uplift of the region, and extension of the crust favored the basaltoid and granitoid (Shivota and ore-bearing porphyry) magmatism activity.     

江苏盘石山二辉橄榄岩包体的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征

对盘石一带的６个二辉橄榄岩包体，３个单斜辉石的Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素，４个全岩、７个单斜辉石和１个斜方辉石的铅同位素进行了测定。结果表明，它们在亏损的岩石圈中经历了长时间的演化，其Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ同位素体系的相关性可能反映了不同时期的地幔过程。位于陆下岩石圈地幔中上部位的包体比下部岩石圈地幔具有相对亏损和不均一的同位素特征。     

中国东南部花岗岩成因与地壳演化

中国东南部不同时代花岗岩类的分布十分广泛 ,各类花岗岩的出露面积达 2 0 0 0 0 0km2 以上。其中 ,前侏罗纪花岗岩大部分具有较低的ε(Nd ,t)、较高的Ni(87Sr) /Ni(86Sr)和较古老的Nd模式年龄 ,相似于周围的前寒武纪基底变质岩。因此 ,它们的主体属壳源型 ,其成因可能主要同华夏地块与扬子地块之间的多次碰撞拼贴有关 ,由当时被加厚的地壳在降压条件下部分熔融形成。燕山期花岗岩在中国东南部分布最广。其中 ,呈东西向展布的燕山早期花岗岩 (南岭花岗岩 )被认为是与印支运动有联系的后造山花岗岩组合 ,多数具壳源型特征。而主要分布于东南沿海的燕山晚期花岗岩则不同 ,它们具有较高的ε(Nd ,t)、较低的Ni(87Sr) /Ni(86Sr)和相对年轻的Nd模式年龄 ,反映其源区中含有较多的地幔组分。它们的形成可能同太平洋板块俯冲、玄武岩浆底侵以及由此引起的地壳深熔和壳幔混合有关。根据花岗岩的Nd模式年龄以及地壳岩石中继承锆石U Pb年龄 ,认为中国东南部地壳具幕式生长特征 ,古—中元古代为主要的生长期。