鲁西纯橄岩捕虏体中富硅质熔（流）体的交代作用：对中生代岩石圈地幔减薄的意义

鲁西中生代辉长-闪长质岩石中纯橄岩捕虏体的岩石学、矿物化学及微量元素地球化学研究表明,纯橄岩捕虏体代表了古老岩石圈地幔的残留;地幔纯橄岩捕虏体中存在两种类型的交代作用,一是以填隙型金云母为代表的早期富含CO_2和H_2O的不活动流体的交代作用;二是以斜方辉石交代脉和网络状斜方辉石为代表的晚期富硅质熔(流)体的交代作用。后者代表了起源于软流圈的富硅质熔(流)体对古老岩石圈地幔的一种化学侵蚀。这对认识华北地块东部中生代岩石圈地幔的性质以及岩石圈减薄机制具有重要意义。     

大别山北部饶拔寨超镁铁岩体微量元素地球化学

本文报道了饶拔寨超镁铁岩体的5个钻孔15个岩心样品的主量元素和微量元素成分。该岩体由上、下两部分构成。岩性以方辉橄榄岩为主，纯橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩次之。主量元素成分表明岩体由饱满地幔经过不同程度部分熔融，形成了亏损程度不同的大陆岩石圈地幔。总体上下部岩体较上部亏损程度大。原始地幔标准化REE等不相容微量元素丰度模式表明岩体在熔融作用后又经过了地幔交代作用，形成不同程度LREE和LILE的富集。样品中有角闪石和金云母等含水矿物，表明有实性地幔交代作用。对比LREE与LILE的富集特征，表明可能有两类地幔交代作用，有两种不同性质的交代介质，LREE和Sr等的富集可能与硅酸盐熔体有关，而Rb、Ba、K等的富集可能与俯冲带流体活动有关。总体上下部岩体的交代作用较上部岩体的强。     

地幔捕虏体中的流体-熔体包裹体

地幔流体的研究现已成为国内外前沿课题。地幔岩捕虏体中的流体-熔体包裹体是地幔流体的直接证据,通过对它们的研究可以直接获取地授流体的信息。包裹体按相态特征主要有三类：二氧化碳流体包裹体、二氧化碳-硅酸盐熔体包裹体、硫化物-熔体流体包裹体。本总结了地幔岩中流体-熔体包裹体的基本特征、微量元素地球化学、硫化物-熔体包裹体和二氧化碳流体包裹体稳定同位素特征的研究进展状况。讨论认为：地幔流体是由C、H、O、S等元素的挥发份和硅酸盐熔体组成;上地幔流体在化学成分上明显富含CO2、硫化物、LILE和BEE,它引起地幔交代作用和地授部分熔融;上地授流体的分布存在不均匀性,其组成也存在地区性差异。     

Hydration and dehydration in the lower margin of a cold mantle wedge: implications for crust–mantle interactions and petrogeneses of arc magmas

Garnet orthopyroxenites from Maowu (Dabieshan orogen, eastern China) were formed from a refractory harzburgite/dunite protolith. They preserve mineralogical and geochemical evidence of hydration/metasomatism and dehydration at the lower edge of a cold mantle wedge. Abundant polyphase inclusions in the cores of garnet porphyroblasts record the earliest metamorphism and metasomatism in garnet orthopyroxenites. They are mainly composed of pargasitic amphibole, gedrite, chlorite, talc, phlogopite, and Cl-apatite, with minor anhydrous minerals such as orthopyroxene, sapphirine, spinel, and rutile. Most of these phases have high X_Mg, NiO, and Ni/Mg values, implying that they probably inherited the chemistry of pre-existing olivine. Trace element analyses indicate that polyphase inclusions are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE), and high field strength elements (HFSE), with spikes of Ba, Pb, U, and high U/Th. Based on the P–T conditions of formation for the polyphase inclusions (?1.4 GPa, 720–850°C), we suggest that the protolith likely underwent significant hydration/metasomatism by slab-derived fluid under shallow–wet–cold mantle wedge corner conditions beneath the forearc. When the hydrated rocks were subducted into a deep–cold mantle wedge zone and underwent high-pressure–ultrahigh-pressure (HP–UHP) metamorphism, amphibole, talc, and chlorite dehydrated and garnet, orthopyroxene, Ti-chondrodite, and Ti-clinohumite formed during prograde metamorphism. The majority of LILE (e.g. Ba, U, Pb, Sr, and Th) and LREE were released into the fluid formed by dehydration reactions, whereas HFSE (e.g. Ti, Nb, and Ta) remained in the cold mantle wedge lower margin. Such fluid resembling the trace element characteristics of arc magmas evidently migrates into the overlying, internal, hotter part of the mantle wedge, thus resulting in a high degree of partial melting and the formation of arc magmas.     

中国东部部分地区新生代岩石圈地幔的成因:主量和微量元素制约

为厘定中国东部新生代岩石圈地幔的成因,进而探讨岩石圈减薄的方式,本文选择汉诺坝、女山、盘石山和方山尖晶石二辉橄榄岩作为研究对象,系统分析了其主、微量元素。结果表明,这些地区新生代岩石圈地幔具有"新生"的性质,为上涌的软流圈物质经过小于10%的部分熔融程度后的残留相形成,后又经历了类似新生代玄武岩性质的富硅熔体的交代,交代介质的物质贡献小于3%。新生代岩石圈地幔与古老克拉通岩石圈地幔在主、微量元素上的显著差异以及新生代岩石圈地幔微量元素特征的拟合,支持拆沉为华北克拉通东部减薄的主要方式。     

Variations in melting dynamics and mantle compositions along the Eastern Volcanic Zone of the Gakkel Ridge: insights from olivine-hosted melt inclusions

We present major element, trace element, and volatile concentrations from 66 naturally glassy, olivine-hosted melt inclusions erupted along the Eastern Volcanic Zone (EVZ) of the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge. Melt inclusion compositions suggest that there are systematic variations in the mantle source composition and melting dynamics from the eastern to the western end of the EVZ. This includes increasing water contents and highly incompatible trace element concentrations (e.g., Ba and Nb) and decreasing light and middle rare earth element concentrations. Ratios of light to heavy rare earth elements in the easternmost melt inclusions are relatively homogeneous, but become more variable to the west. To determine the source of the geochemical variability observed along the EVZ, we model trace elements associated with mantle melting in one- and two-component systems. We consider four possible mantle sources and a range of melting regime shapes, from a full melting triangle to a vertical melting column centered beneath the ridge axes. The observed geochemical variations can be explained by melting of a heterogeneous mantle source composed of depleted MORB mantle plus a metasomatized mantle, where the proportion of the metasomatized component and the extent of melting increases toward the west. Lower rare earth element concentrations and trace element ratios in the westernmost sites also suggest inefficient melt focusing from the outer edges of the melting region. Our results indicate that despite variations in the size of the melting zone and the composition of the mantle source along the ridge axis, the region over which the melts are pooled back to the ridge axis is relatively constant (~10–20 km), suggesting that there is a limit to the distance melts can be transported from off-axis in ultraslow-spreading environments.     

Simple models for dynamic melting in an upwelling heterogeneous mantle column: Analytical solutions

Several lines of evidence suggest that the melt generation and segregation regions of the mantle are heterogeneous, consisting of chemically and lithologically distinct domains of variable size and dimension. Partial melting of such heterogeneous mantle source regions gives rise to a diverse range of basaltic magmas. In order to better assess the role of source heterogeneity during mantle melting, we have undertaken a theoretical study of trace element distribution and fractionation during concurrent melting and melt migration in an upwelling, chemically heterogeneous, two-porosity double lithology melting column. Analytical solutions for the abundance of a trace element in the matrix and channel were obtained under the assumptions that the porosity, melt and solid velocities, and solid-melt partition coefficients are constant and uniform. For simplicity, we neglected diffusion and dispersion in the melt. Chemical source heterogeneities of arbitrary size and shape were integrated into the simple melting models by allowing trace element abundance in the source region to vary as a function of time and space. Concurrent melting and melt migration in an upwelling heterogeneous mantle may be approximated as a quasi-steady state problem in which time-dependent concentration patterns produced by melting of heterogeneous source regions are superimposed on a reference steady-state concentration distribution established by melting of the ambient or background mantle. Chromatographic fractionation is especially important for the matrix melt and solid when chemical heterogeneities are involved during melting and melt migration in the mantle, giving rise to significant phase-shift between two incompatible trace elements in the matrix melt and scattered correlations among incompatible trace elements in residual peridotites. Mixing is the chief mass transfer process in the dunite channel where the chromatographic effect is negligible for most of the incompatible trace elements. The lack of chromatographic fractionation among incompatible trace elements and isotopic ratios in MORB suggests either most MORB are channel melts or mixing in magma conduit and chamber is very efficient such that the phase-shift is averaged out during magma transport and storage processes. Advection brings melt produced by smaller-degree of melting in the deeper part of the melting column to the overlying melting region, increasing the incompatible trace element abundance in the matrix and the channel. This advection-induced self-enrichment is especially important when heterogeneous sources are involved and may account for some of the enriched incompatible trace element patterns observed in residual peridotite that were previously interpreted to be a result of mantle metasomatism. Systematic studies of high-resolution spatially correlated mantle samples may help to constrain the melting history and the size and nature of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle.     

阿尔巴尼亚布尔其泽纯橄岩壳中橄榄石的包裹体研究

阿尔巴尼亚布尔其泽纯橄岩壳非常新鲜,主要由橄榄石、尖晶石和单斜辉石等矿物组成.其中橄榄石存在单斜辉石和铬尖晶石（磁铁矿）共生包裹体现象,包裹体矿物粒度在1~10 μm,有些甚至为纳米级200~500 nm.纯橄岩橄榄石的Fo值为94.7~96.0,铬尖晶石的Cr#为76.5~82.4,远高于蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中常见纯橄岩的铬值（Cr#>60）.基于前人研究结果,提出这种现象是由于亏损方辉橄榄岩与含钛、铬、铁熔体发生交代作用,从而形成橄榄石的固溶体并存在Ti4+、Al3+、Ca2+、Fe3+,而部分Cr3+进入铬尖晶石结晶.后期由于岩体在抬升过程中降温,橄榄石中混溶的组分析出包裹体形成磁铁矿和铬尖晶石.并且依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石的矿物化学成分,识别出岩体内方辉橄榄岩相对较低的部分熔融程度约为30%~40%,纯橄岩部分熔融程度约为40%,表明不同岩相间其形成背景存在明显差异.因此,认为布尔奇泽蛇绿岩具有多阶段的过程,首先是在洋中脊环境下经历部分熔融作用形成了方辉橄榄岩,后受到俯冲环境（SSZ）的岩石-熔体反应生成更富Mg、Si和Cr等的熔体,致使地幔橄榄岩高度部分熔融,形成此类纯橄岩.      

The mineralogy of Ca-rich inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds

This paper discusses mineralogy of Ca-rich inclusions in ultra-deep (sublithospheric) diamonds. It was shown that most of the Ca-rich majoritic garnets are of metabasic (eclogitic) affinity. The observed variation in major and trace element composition is consistent with variations in the composition of the protolith and the degree of enrichment or depletion during interaction with melts. Major and trace element compositions of the inclusions of Ca minerals in ultra-deep diamonds indicate that they crystallized from Ca-carbonatite melts that were derived from partial melting of eclogite bodies in deeply subducted oceanic crust in the transition zone or even the lower mantle. The occurrence of merwinite or CAS inclusions in ultra-deep diamonds can serve as mineralogical indicators of the interaction of metaperidotitic and metabasic mantle lithologies with alkaline carbonatite melts. The discovery of the inclusions of carbonates in association with ultra-deep Ca minerals can not only provide additional support for their role in the diamond formation process but also help to define additional mantle reservoirs involved in global carbon cycle.     

黑龙江省二克山—五大连池—科洛富钾火山岩中幔源包体的研究

本文首次系统地研究了二克山—五大连池—科洛富钾火山岩带中幔源超镁铁岩包体的岩相、组构、矿物及地化特征,并分析了包体的成因类型及交代作用。研究表明,该包体是受富含K_2O+LIL+LREE±FeO±~(87)Sr流体交代的、已亏损了的地幔样品,反映了地幔交代的普遍性和不均一性。     

Evidence for UHP anatexis in the Shuanghe UHP paragneiss from inclusions in clinozoisite,garnet, and zircon

The Shuanghe garnet-bearing paragneiss from the Dabie ultra-high–pressure (UHP) orogen occurs as an interlayer within partially retrogressed eclogite. A first UHP metamorphic stage at 680°C, 3.8–4.1 GPa is documented by Zr-in-rutile temperatures coupled with phengite inclusions (Si = 3.55) in clinozoisite and grossular-rich garnet. Relic matrix phengite and phengite inclusions in zircon rims display lower Si of 3.42. Combined with garnet compositions and Ti-in-zircon temperatures, they provide evidence for a second UHP metamorphic stage at 800–850°C, ~3.8 GPa. Such isobaric heating at UHP conditions has not been documented so far from the adjacent eclogites and other rock types in the Dabie orogen and indicates proximity to the hot, convecting mantle wedge. The dominant mineral assemblage consisting of plagioclase, epidote, biotite, and amphibole provides evidence for widespread retrogression during the exhumation of the UHP paragneiss. Several types of polyphase mineral inclusions were identified. Phengite inclusions hosted by clinozoisite are partially replaced by kyanite and K-feldspar, whereas inclusions in host garnet consist of relic phengite, K-feldspar, and garnet, indicating limited sub-solidus dehydration of phengite by the reaction Ph→Kfs+Ky±Grt+fluid. Tightly intergrown K-feldspar and quartz are preserved as inclusions with sharp boundaries and radial cracks in garnet. Analyses of whole inclusions also show small enrichments in light rare earth elements. These inclusions are interpreted to be derived from melting of an inclusion assemblage consisting of Ph+Coe±Czo. A third type of polyphase inclusion consists of typical nanogranite (Ab+Kfs+Qz±Ep) inclusions in recrystallized metamorphic zircon. Ti-in-zircon thermometry and the Si content of phengite included in these zircon domains indicate that melting occurred at 800–850°C and 3.8–4.0 GPa during isobaric heating at UHP conditions. The partial melting event led to an equilibration of trace elements in garnet, phengite, and apatite. Using published partition coefficients between these minerals and hydrous granitic melt, the trace element composition of the UHP anatectic melt can be constrained. The melts are characterized by high LILE contents and pronounced relative enrichments of U over Th and Ta over Nb. The REE are below primitive mantle values, likely due to the presence of residual clinozoisite and garnet during partial melting. So far, no major granitic bodies have been found that share the same trace element pattern as the partial melts from the UHP anatexis of the Shuanghe paragneiss.     

Trace Element Residence and Partitioning in Mantle Xenoliths Metasomatized by Highly Alkaline, Silicate- and Carbonate-rich Melts (Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean)

Mantle xenoliths in alkaline lavas of the Kerguelen Islandsconsist of: (1) protogranular, Cr-diopside-bearing harzburgite;(2) poikilitic, Mg-augite-bearing harzburgite and cpx-poor lherzolite;(3) dunite that contains clinopyroxene, spinel phlogopite, andrarely amphibole. Trace element data for rocks and mineralsidentify distinctive signatures for the different rock typesand record upper-mantle processes. The harzburgites reflectan initial partial melting event followed by metasomatism bymafic alkaline to carbonatitic melts. The dunites were firstformed by reaction of a harzburgite protolith with tholeiiticto transitional basaltic melts, and subsequently developed metasomaticassemblages of clinopyroxene + phlogopite ± amphiboleby reaction with lamprophyric or carbonatitic melts. We measuredtwo-mineral partition coefficients and calculated mineral–meltpartition coefficients for 27 trace elements. In most samples,calculated budgets indicate that trace elements reside in theconstituent minerals. Clinopyroxene is the major host for REE,Sr, Y, Zr and Th; spinel is important for V and Ti; orthopyroxenefor Ti, Zr, HREE, Y, Sc and V; and olivine for Ni, Co and Sc. KEY WORDS: mantle xenoliths; mantle metasomatism; partition coefficients; Kerguelen Islands; trace elements     

Trace element composition of continentally subducted slab‐derived melt: insight from multiphase solid inclusions in ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite in the Dabie orogen

The ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogite in the Dabie orogen preserves petrological evidence for the existence of hydrous silicate melts that formed during continental subduction‐zone metamorphism. This is indicated by occurrence of multiphase solid (MS) inclusions in garnet that primarily consist of K‐feldspar + quartz ± epidote/allanite. All the MS inclusions are euhedral to subhedral in morphology and surrounded with radial cracks in the host garnet. Their trace element compositions were analysed by two different approaches of laser sampling. The mass budget method was used to estimate the trace element abundances of MS inclusions from their mixtures with the host garnet. The results are compared with the direct sampling of MS inclusions, providing a first‐order approximation to the trace element composition of MS inclusions. The MS inclusions exhibit consistent enrichment of LILE, Sr and Pb, but depletion of HFSE in the primitive mantle‐normalized spidergram. Such arc‐like patterns of trace element distribution are common for continental crustal rocks. The melts have variably high K, Rb and Sr abundances, suggesting that breakdown of phengite is a basic cause for partial melting of the UHP eclogite. These MS inclusions also exhibit consistently low HFSE and Y contents, suggesting partial melting of the eclogite in the stability fields of rutile and garnet. Consequently, the trace element composition of MS inclusions provides a proxy for that of hydrous silicate melts derived from dehydration melting of the UHP eclogite during continental collision.     

Tracking flux melting and melt percolation in supra-subduction peridotites (Josephine ophiolite,USA)

Here, we investigate the scale and nature of melting and melt percolation processes recorded by 17 supra-subduction peridotites collected in a ~70 km² area in the northern portion of the Josephine ophiolite (Western USA). We present major and trace element variations in whole rocks; major elements in olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel; and trace elements [including rare earth element (REE)] in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. In the Josephine peridotites, compositional variability occurs at different scales. On the one hand, large systematic changes from depleted to fertile peridotites occur on large kilometer scales. Field, petrological and geochemical data can be consistently explained if the Josephine mantle experienced variable degrees of hydrous flux melting (10 to >20–23 %), and we argue that small fractions of subduction-derived fluids (0.015–0.1 wt%) were pervasive in the ~70 km² studied area, and continuously supplied during wedge melting. Fluid localization probably led to increased extent of flux melting in the harzburgitic areas. On the other hand, in single outcrops, sharp transitions from dunite to harzburgite to lherzolite and olivine websterite can be found on meter to centimeter scales. Thus, some fertile samples may reflect limited degrees of refertilization at the outcrop scale. In addition, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene in ultra-depleted harzburgites (Spinel Cr# > 58) show variable degrees of LREE enrichment, which reflect percolation of and partial re-equilibration with, small fractions of boninite melt. Because the enriched samples also show the highest spinel Cr#, we argue that these enrichments are local features connected to the presence of dunite channels nearby. Lastly, trace element concentrations of pyroxenes in Josephine harzburgites show that they are one of the most depleted harzburgites among worldwide ophiolitic peridotites, indicating particularly high degrees of melting, potentially past the exhaustion of clinopyroxene.     

The tectonic-setting of ophiolites in the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

The study of geology, geochemistry, rare earth elements, trace elements, Pb and Sr isotopes of representative ophiolite bodies from four ophiolitic belts in the western Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, shows that the mantle peridotites of these ophiolites are mainly harzburgite in composition, with minor dunite. They are characterized by high magnesium (MgO) and low aluminum, calcium and alkali oxide contents. Enrichment of light rare earth elements in mantle peridotites may be due to two geological processes: relatively strong partial melting; and later metasomatism by the liquids released during the subduction of oceanic crust. Mantle peridotites are characterized by low contents of the trace elements Sr, Ti and Y and relatively high contents of Rb, Nb, Zr, Hf and Th, similar to metasomatic pyrolite. The isotopic compositions of Sr and Pb show evidence of contamination by a crustal component. All the evidence indicates that the four ophiolite belts in the western Qinghai-Tibetean Plateau have undergone metasomatism by liquids released during the subduction of oceanic crust, suggesting that they were formed in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) tectonic setting. The mantle peridotites in ophiolite belts located in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, e.g. Sanjiang and West Kunlun, may be compared with the Troodos, which is regarded as a typical SSZ complex, having the same geochemical characteristics, i.e. high MgO and LREE-rich. The geochemistry, combined with the occurrence of boninite and adakite rocks, which are associated with subduction magmatism, suggest that ophiolites formed at different times in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, including Sanjiang and West Kunlun, are all SSZ-type ophiolites formed in a supra-subduction zone tectonic setting.     

Petrology and Geochemistry of the Dangqiong Ophiolite,Western Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone,Tibet,China

The Dangqiong ophiolite, the largest in the western segment of the Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone(YZSZ)ophiolite belt in southern Tibet, consists of discontinuous mantle peridotite and intrusive mafic rocks. The former is composed dominantly of harzburgite, with minor dunite, locally lherzolite and some dunite containing lenses and veins of chromitite. The latter, mafic dykes(gabbro and diabase dykes), occur mainly in the southern part. This study carried out geochemical analysis on both rocks. The results show that the mantle peridotite has Fo values in olivine from 89.92 to 91.63 and is characterized by low aluminum contents(1.5–4.66 wt%) and high Mg# values(91.06–94.53) of clinopyroxene. Most spinels in the Dangqiong peridotites have typical Mg# values ranging from 61.07 to 72.52, with corresponding Cr# values ranging from 17.67 to 31.66, and have TiO2 contents from 0 to 0.09%, indicating only a low degree of partial melting(10–15%). The olivine-spinel equilibrium and spinel chemistry of the Dangqiong peridotites suggest that they originated deeper mantle(20 kbar). The gabbro dykes show N-MORB-type patterns of REE and trace elements. The presence of amphibole in the Dangqiong gabbro suggests the late-stage alteration of subduction-derived fluids. All the lherzolites and harzburgites in Dangqiong have similar distribution patterns of REE and trace elements, the mineral chemistry in the harzburgites and lherzolites indicates compositions similar to those of abyssal and forearc peridotites, suggesting that the ophiolite in Dangqiong formed in a MOR environment and then was modified by late-stage melts and fluids in a suprasubduction zone(SSZ) setting. This formation process is consistent with that of the Luobusa ophiolite in the eastern Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone and Purang ophiolite in the western Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone.     

Geochemical characteristics of mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks in southern Caspian Sea Ophiolite (Eastern Guilan)

One of the best-preserved Neo-Tethyan ophiolite complexes of Iran (Southern Caspian Sea ophiolite complex) is exposed in north of Iran. Crustal ultramafic cumulative rocks are mainly composed of dunite, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenite and clinopyroxenite. Mafic plutonic rocks consist of isotropic and layered gabbros. Geochemical studies show that these rocks have subalkalic tholeiitic affinity. Partial melting has been an important process in the formation of the studied rocks. Normalized trace element patterns in the studied rocks show enrichment in LREE and depletion in Nb and Zr. Studied mafic–ultramafic samples are formed by 30 % partial melting of mantle lherzolite from a depleted-arc source. These characteristics show suprasubduction environment and formation in a marginal basin above a subduction zone.     

峨眉山溢流玄武岩省高钛玄武岩的两种不同地幔源特征

为探讨和揭示峨眉山高钛玄武岩的幔源特征,以二滩高钛玄武岩为研究对象进行了主要元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的系统研究。研究表明:二滩高钛玄武岩可分为A和B两组玄武岩;两组岩石间的微量元素(Rb﹑K﹑Ba﹑Th﹑Nb和Ta)富集程度和微量元素比值(Ba/Nb﹑Ba/Th﹑Zr/Nb﹑Th/La、Zr/Hf)以及同位素比值(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr、²⁰⁸Pb^*/206Pb^*)均存在较为明显的差异。造成这种差异的原因不是岩浆过程(结晶分异、地壳混染、部分熔融)的不同,而是A组和B组具有不同的地幔源。A组具有EM II特征,可能为富含辉石岩的交代地幔部分熔融所形成;B组则具有EM I和C组分的混合特征,可能为交代谱系较宽的地幔物质熔融所形成。     

The compositions of mantle-derived melts developed during the Alpine continental collision

The intrusions of Adamello and Valmasino Bregaglia are related to the Alpine continental collision and contain cumulus amphibole-rich gabbroic rocks (hornblendites, amphibole-gabbros and olivine-gabbros). Literature Nd-Sr-O data suggest that these rocks were derived from uncontaminated mantle-derived liquids. Brown amphibole and its clinopyroxene inclusions were analysed for a large number of trace elements by laser ablation ICP-MS and ion microprobe. On the basis of a suitable set of ^S/LD, the compositions of parental liquids were determined. Primary liquid compositions were calculated assuming variable degrees of early fractional crystallisation on the basis of olivine composition. Computed liquids have a marked enrichment of light, large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs), U and Th over high field strength elements (HFSEs) and rare-earth elements (REEs). The light REEs are slightly enriched relative to heavy REEs, and clear Nb and Ta negative anomalies are lacking. HFSE and HREE compositions can be related to small degrees of batch melting of a spinel facies, MORB-type source. The enrichment of highly incompatible trace elements over HFSEs and HREEs reflect metasomatic processes which could be of Alpine and/or pre-Alpine age. The latter hypothesis implies a subcontinental lithospheric origin for the mantle sources. Nevertheless, the abrupt B enrichment of Valmasino Bregaglia liquids suggests that the partial melting of the mantle sources was triggered by a B-rich fluid of Alpine origin.     

Geochemical characteristics of the La Réunion mantle plume source inferred from olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the adventive cones of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La Réunion Island)

Major and trace element compositions were obtained for bulk rocks and melt inclusions hosted in olivine crystals (Fo > 85) from the adventive cones of the Piton de La Fournaise volcano (La Réunion Island). Ratios of highly incompatible trace elements for these magmas are used to identify the nature of the La Réunion mantle plume source. Although adventive cone lavas display unusual major element compositions compared to the historical lavas of the volcano (e.g., lower CaO/Al₂O₃), trace element data suggest that the magmas emitted by the adventive cones originate from a common chemical source. This source may correspond to either a homogeneous mixed source of different mantle components or a near-primitive less-differentiated mantle source. The melt inclusions display ratios of highly incompatible elements (e.g., Th/La, Nb/La) which are similar to primitive mantle values, and lower Nb/U ratios compared to most oceanic basalts. These results and previous isotopic and trace element data suggest that La Réunion plume samples a source which is intermediate between a primitive-like mantle domain and a slightly depleted one almost unaffected by the recycling processes. This source could have originated from early depletion of the primitive mantle. Assuming a depletion 4.45 Gyr ago, ~10% melting of this slightly depleted source could explain the enriched trace element concentrations of the melt inclusions.