基于确定性系数组合模型的区域滑坡敏感性评价

本文以四川茂县叠溪镇到石大关乡为研究区,根据野外资料并结合研究区的基本情况,选取了坡度、剖面曲率、起伏度、坡向、距河流距离、高程、地层、距断层距离、土地类型、植被覆盖度10个影响因子。以GIS技术作为操作平台,采用确定性系数+层次分析法（CF-AHP）、确定性系数+逻辑回归方法（CF-LR）和确定性系数+神经网络的多层感知器方法（CF-MLP）3种方法对研究区滑坡灾害敏感性进行评价,将该区域滑坡灾害划分为极低、低、中、高敏感区4类,并通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）检验模型的效果。CF-AHP、CF-LR和CF-MLP组合模型ROC曲线的线下面积（AUC）分别为0.850、0.884和0.867,CF-LR组合模型效果最好。CF-LR组合模型中,高、中、低和极低敏感区面积分别占研究区总面积的11.3%、25.1%、22.5%和41.1%。研究结果表明,高敏感区主要集中在主要水系周围与断层集中区域,计算出的敏感性分区结果与研究区实际情况接近,能够在地质灾害风险评价中起到重要参考作用。     

基于逻辑回归模型的泥石流易发性评价与检验：以金沙江上游奔子栏—昌波河段为例

基于地理信息系统(ArcGIS100)平台和小流域单元,采用逻辑回归(LR)模型对金沙江上游(奔子栏—昌波河段)干热河谷区进行泥石流易发性评价,并对预测结果进行总体检验与随机个案检验。评价与检验结果表明,得到的最优指标组合下LR评价模型的AUC值为827%;预测的极高易发区、高易发区面积合占全区面积的3598%,实发泥石流面积占泥石流总面积的6503%;在个案检验中,位于各等级分区的检验组样本实发泥石流比例随着分区易发性等级降低,依次为917%(极高)、750%(高)、364%(中等)、167%(低)、0(极低),表明评价效果良好。研究区泥石流集中发育于金沙江沿岸的东北部、中部和西南部,主导性的评价指标依次为距主干道路距离、岩性、距断裂带距离、雨季月平均降雨量。人类活动与季节性降雨为研究区干热河谷泥石流的主要诱发条件。基于逻辑回归模型的泥石流易发性评价方法提高了泥石流发生可能性的预测精度,可为干热河谷区泥石流预测预警和防治提供参考依据。     

基于CF与Logistic回归模型耦合的地质灾害易发性评价——以北京市大清河流域生态涵养区为例

在北京市大清河流域生态涵养区1450 km²的区域内，以遥感影像解译为基础，结合1∶50 000地质灾害详细调查，获取全区888个地质灾害隐患点作为样本数据库，选取基岩类型、地貌类型、地形坡度、河流、公路、断裂6个评价因子，采用确定性系数(CF)与Logistic回归耦合模型评价地质灾害易发性，依照自然间断点分级法(Jenks)将研究区划分为极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和极低易发区。将未参与模型训练的20%地质灾害隐患点作为检验点与易发性分区结果进行叠加分析，通过频率比和ROC曲线进行精度检验。结果显示：基岩类型对地质灾害的发育具有控制作用；公路、断裂对地质灾害的空间分布影响明显；CF与Logistic回归耦合模型在实际应用中具有较高的准确性，是一种地质灾害易发性评价可靠性高的模型。     

罗平县崩滑易发性评价模型对比研究

准确的地质灾害易发性分区评价结果,可为建立地质灾害监测预警系统及处理机制提供参考。依据崩滑地质灾害形成条件选取10个评价因子构建评价指标体系,基于共线性诊断和相关性分析检验评价因子以保证其相互独立。分别采用信息量模型(ICM)、归一化频率比模型(NFR)以及与逻辑回归(LR)耦合的信息量–逻辑回归(ICM-LR)耦合模型和归一化频率比–逻辑回归(NFR-LR)耦合模型对罗平县崩滑地质灾害进行易发性评价,并将评价模型结果划分为低、中、高和极高4个等级。采用ROC曲线对评价结果进行精度检验,其AUC值分别为0.820、0.796、0.882和0.840。得出ICM-LR模型的精度最高,且极高易发区主要分布在砂岩、碳酸盐岩组区域和水系延展区域。其低、中、高和极高的面积(分级比)分别为771.1 km²(25.55%)、836.6 km²(27.73%)、864.36 km²(28.64%)和545.94 km²(18.08%)。易发性分区结果与研究区崩滑地质灾害分布情况相符合,可为快速建立评价指标体系和区...     

不同模型的滑坡易发性评价精度讨论

为探讨不同滑坡易发性评价模型其评价结果的差异和评价精度,本文以贵州省桐梓县为研究区,选取坡度、斜坡结构、地形起伏度、工程地质岩组、距水系距离、距断层距离6个影响因子建立评价指标体系,分别采用信息量模型、确定性系数法、频率比法3种方法开展区域地质灾害易发性评价,并通过ROC曲线对评价结果进行精度验证。评价结果表明:信息量模型(AUC=0800)的评价精度优于确定性系数法(AUC=0784)和频率比法(AUC=0787),因此信息量模型更适合于该区域的滑坡易发性评价。     

基于GIS和证据权模型的山阳县地质灾害易发性评价

地质灾害易发性涉及因素众多,评价结果取决于不同模型和参量权重赋值为当前研究热点。以陕西省山阳县为研究区域,在收集整理区域地质环境条件、地质灾害分布资料、相关性分析等基础上,最终选取坡度、坡向、坡型、工程地质岩组、距断层距离、距河流距离、距道路距离等8个影响因子,采用证据权模型对8个影响因子进行分析,使用GIS空间分析功能对研究区开展地质灾害易发性评价。结果显示,山阳县地质灾害易发等级可划分为高易发、中易发、低易发和非易发4个等级,面积分别为262.2 km²、436.7 km²、1141.6 km²、1694.5 km²,占山阳县总面积的7.48%、12.35%、32.29%、47.94%。进一步采用ROC曲线方法检验评价等级结果的可靠性,得到AUC为0.824 2(精度达82.42%)。     

逻辑回归和信息量模型在山区滑坡易发性评价中适宜性的分析

以万山区为例,在区域滑坡孕灾条件的基础上,筛选工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、平均坡度、地貌、距构造距离及距河流距离共6个易发条件因子,选取逻辑回归模型和信息量模型对山区滑坡进行易发性评价。结果显示逻辑回归模型中中高易发区面积占比分别为1578%和1970%,82%的地质灾害点落在该区域内;信息量模型中中高易发区面积占比为1241%、2519%,包含了区域88%的滑坡灾害点。最后通过实际发生的灾害点在各易发区的分布情况进行检验,逻辑回归模型中灾害点落在高易发区的比例远小于信息量模型,且高易发等级中灾害点实际发生的比值较小,说明针对山区区域滑坡地质灾害易发性评价结果预测上,信息量模型的评价结果更为客观准确。     

信息量模型在区域地质灾害危险性评价中的应用

为了能够在地质灾害发生前对其进行预测,从而有预见性地采取相应的防治措施,以减少人员财产损失。以福泉市为例,采用ArcGis软件结合信息量模型的方法对通过分析地质灾害影响因素进行地质灾害危险性评价,利用地形条件、地层岩性、地质构造、气象水文以及人类工程活动等因素,建立区域地质灾害危险性评价指标体系。评价结果表明:极高危险区、高危险区、中危险区、低危险分别占比108%%、284%%、258%、350%。此外,利用ROC曲线对本次评价精度进行验证,结果表明评价精度较高为755%,评价结果可为福泉市地质灾害防治提供参考和依据。     

基于信息量、加权信息量与逻辑回归耦合模型的云南罗平县崩滑灾害易发性评价对比分析CSCD

以罗平县崩滑地质灾害为研究对象,选取工程岩组、坡度、坡向、高程、起伏度、曲率、地貌类型、距河流距离、距断裂距离9个评价因子,基于共线性诊断和相关性分析对其进行独立性检验。然后采用信息量法计算各评价因子分类分级的信息量值,采用层次分析法和逻辑回归法对各评价因子进行权重的定量计算,从而构建信息量、加权信息量和信息量-逻辑回归耦合易发性评价模型并进行对比分析。基于GIS的自然断点法将评价结果划分为非、低、中和高4个等级,并采用ROC曲线对其精度进行检验。结果表明:3种评价模型的AUC值分别为0.757、0.723和0.852,信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型的精度最高,模型结果分区与崩滑地质灾害点的分布较吻合,其非、低、中和高的面积(分级比)分别为771.1 km^(2)(25.55%)、836.6 km^(2)(27.73%)、864.36 km^(2)(28.64%)和545.94 km^(2)(18.08%)。     

基于信息量、加权信息量与逻辑回归耦合模型的云南罗平县崩滑灾害易发性评价对比分析CSCD

以罗平县崩滑地质灾害为研究对象,选取工程岩组、坡度、坡向、高程、起伏度、曲率、地貌类型、距河流距离、距断裂距离9个评价因子,基于共线性诊断和相关性分析对其进行独立性检验。然后采用信息量法计算各评价因子分类分级的信息量值,采用层次分析法和逻辑回归法对各评价因子进行权重的定量计算,从而构建信息量、加权信息量和信息量-逻辑回归耦合易发性评价模型并进行对比分析。基于GIS的自然断点法将评价结果划分为非、低、中和高4个等级,并采用ROC曲线对其精度进行检验。结果表明:3种评价模型的AUC值分别为0.757、0.723和0.852,信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型的精度最高,模型结果分区与崩滑地质灾害点的分布较吻合,其非、低、中和高的面积(分级比)分别为771.1 km^(2)(25.55%)、836.6 km^(2)(27.73%)、864.36 km^(2)(28.64%)和545.94 km^(2)(18.08%)。     

A Combined Weight of Evidence and Logistic Regression Method for Susceptibility Mapping of Earthquake-induced Landslides: A Case Study of the April 20, 2013 Lushan Earthquake,China

The Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake triggered a huge number of landslides. Landslide susceptibility mapping is of great importance. Weight of Evidence (WoE) and Logistic Regression (LR) methods have been widely used for LSM (Landslide Susceptibility Mapping). However, limitations still exist. WoE is capable of assessing the influence of different classes of each factor, but neglects the correlation between factors. LR is able to analyze the relationship among the factors while it is not capable of evaluating the influence of different classes. This paper proposes a combined method of LR and WoE for LSM, taking advantage of their individual merits and overcoming their limitations. An inventory of 1289 landslides was used: 70% were random-selected for training and the remaining for validation. 11 landslide condition factors were employed in the model and the result was validated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The results showed that the LR-WoE model had a better accuracy than the LR model, producing an area below the curve with values of 0.802 success and 0.791 predictive, higher than that of the LR model (0.715 success and 0.722 predictive). It is therefore concluded that the combined method of WoE and LR can provide a promising level of accuracy for earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility mapping.     

逻辑回归与支持向量机模型在滑坡敏感性评价中的应用

白龙江流域是我国滑坡泥石流灾害四大高发区之一,进行该区域滑坡敏感性评价,能够为决策者在灾害管理和设施建设规划方面提供帮助,对区域防灾减灾具有重要指导意义。本研究采用边坡单元为基本研究单元,在野外调查及前人研究基础上,选择控制该区域滑坡发育的19个要素作为影响因子; 经过主成分分析和独立性检验得到该区域对滑坡形成贡献最大的6个因子:高程、坡度、坡向、岩性、断裂距离和人口密度; 分别使用二元逻辑回归模型（LR）和支持向量机模型（SVM）对该区域进行滑坡敏感性评价; 最后,采用ROC曲线对模型精度进行验证。研究结果表明,两模型各能将38.76%、14.48%、9.40%、11.28%、26.07%和13.49%、21.61%、8.17%、26.70%、30.04%的边坡单元分别预测为极高危险区、高危险区、中度危险区、低危险区和极低危险区; 精度验证结果表明两种模型均能有效地进行该区域滑坡敏感性评价,并且支持向量机模型具有更好的分类能力、预测精度和稳定性。     

Logistic Regression analysis in the evaluation of mass movements susceptibility: The Aspromonte case study,Calabria, Italy

This work describes the application of Logistic Regression (LR) to an assessment of susceptibility to mass movements in a 850 km² study area mainly on the Ionian side of the Aspromonte Range, in southern Calabria.LR is a multivariate function that can be utilised, on the basis of a given set of variables, to calculate the probability that a particular phenomenon (for instance, a landslide) is present. In the present study the set of relevant variables includes: rock type, land use, elevation, slope angle, aspect, slope profile curvature down-slope and across-slope.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the LR performance when the procedure is based on the surveying of mass movements in part of the study area. The procedure adopted was GIS-based, with a 10 m DEM square-grid; for slope and curvature calculation, four adjacent cells were grouped to form a nine-point set for mathematical processing.The LR application consists of four steps: sampling, where all relevant characteristics in a part of the area (ca. 27% of the study zone) are assessed; variable parameterisation, where non-parametric variables are transformed into parametric (or semi-parametric) variables (on at least rank scale); model fitting, where regression coefficients are iteratively calculated in the sample area; model application, where the best-fit regression function is applied to the entire study area. This procedure was applied in two ways: first considering all types, then a single type of mass movement.The ground characteristics of the whole study zone were determined. The LR procedure was first tested by extending the sampling and reclassification steps to the whole study zone to find out the best possible fitting regression; the results of this were then compared with ground truth to maximise performance. Afterwards, the results of LR analysis, based on extension of regression formulas obtained also using 40% sampling zones, were compared with those of the best possible one and ground truth. Comparisons were performed by means of a confusion matrix and a simple correlation between expected vs. observed values for grouped variables. The overall results seem promising: for example, if the 27% sample areas are adopted, 94% of the cells where the probability of the existence of any kind of mass movements is between 85.5% and 95%, are actually affected by mass movements. Results are instead less good when attempting to distinguish between types of mass movement.     

基于GIS与WOE-BP模型的滑坡易发性评价

区域滑坡易发性研究对地质灾害风险管理具有重要意义.以往研究中,将多元统计模型与机器学习方法相结合用于滑坡易发性评价的研究较少.以三峡库区万州区为例,首先选取9种指标因子（坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、地表纹理、地层岩性、斜坡结构、地质构造、水系分布及土地利用类型）作为滑坡易发性评价指标.基于证据权模型（weights of evidence,WOE）计算得到的对比度和滑坡面积比与分级面积比的相对大小,对各指标因子进行状态分级;再利用粒子群法优化的BP神经网络模型（PSO-BP）得到各指标因子权重.综合两种模型确定的状态分级权重和指标因子权重（WOE-BP）计算滑坡易发性指数（landslide susceptibility index,LSI）,基于GIS平台得到全区滑坡易发性分区图.结果表明:水系、地层岩性和地质构造是影响万州区滑坡发育的主要指标因子;WOE-BP模型的预测精度为80.8%,优于WOE模型的73.1%和BP神经网络模型的71.6%,可为定量计算指标因子权重和优化滑坡易发性评价提供有效途径.      

Using Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression in Mapping Quaternary Sediments

Mapping the occurrence and thickness of layers within a soil profile is a prerequisite for soil characterization. The objective of this paper is to compare the applicability of two statistical methods—discriminant analysis (DA) and logistic regression (LR)—used to calculate the thickness of Quaternary sediments in a formal way and to identify parameters controlling the occurrence of these sediments. The investigations were carried out in southern Bavaria in an area of about 150 ha presenting a large variability in relief and parent material (Tertiary material, Pleistocene loess, colluvial/alluvial sediments). Comparisons between the two statistical methods were carried out with a training dataset and an evaluation dataset. The results show that DA was preferable under the assumptions of normality and equal variance/covariance matrices. The analyses produced models with 80 % and 79 % correctly reclassified assignments and a canonical correlation coefficient of approximately 0.60. From the simulations, it was found (i) that the determining predictors were altitude, slope, and upslope catchment area (partly expressed as topographical wetness index), SAGA wetness index and specific catchment area; and (ii) that a disadvantage of LR was that trial and error was frequently necessary to find the optimal composition of variables. In this study, a hierarchical combination of binary and ordinal LR was used and revealed (iii) that when the probabilities in LR between adjacent categories were similar, the possibility of incorrect calculations increased and (iv) that visual inspections as well as RMSE showed that DA with weighted depths (5 cm-stepwise DA) provided the best prediction accuracy. This information can help improve soil surveys and the predictability of the spatial heterogeneity in landscapes.     

加权Logistic回归模型在火山岩型铜矿预测中的应用:以宁芜盆地中段为例

文中探讨了加权Logistic回归模型在宁芜盆地中段火山岩型铜矿预测中的应用。首先,结合研究区的成矿地质背景,提取地质体、构造、围岩蚀变三大类证据因子;其次,分析各证据因子与铜矿点之间的空间关系,认为姑山旋回、娘娘山旋回火山机构控制了本区火山岩型铜矿的空间分布,根据计算结果,选取与火山岩型铜矿密切相关的龙王山组、姑山组地层,姑山旋回粗面斑岩、娘娘山旋回二长斑岩、NW向构造1.5 km缓冲区、NE向构造1.3 km缓冲区、EW向构造4.5 km缓冲区、硅化、褐铁矿化、黄铜矿化等作为模型自变量;最后采用加权Logistic回归模型进行成矿概率计算,并结合成矿地质背景,圈定四个成矿远景区,分别为P1、P2、P3、P4,其中P1、P2、P3呈北东向展布,主要受娘娘山和姑山火山机构控制,P4为东西向分布,主要受龙王山火山机构控制,在这些预测区中,均存在已发现的铜矿体,说明预测可信度较高。     

基于CF与CF-LR模型的地质灾害易发性评价

区域地质灾害易发性评价对地质灾害防治具有重要意义。本文以贵州省沿河县为研究区,考虑海拔、坡度、坡向、地形曲率、NDVI、工程地质岩组、断层、道路、水系9个因素,通过相关性分析后作为评价因子。分别利用CF模型和CF-LR模型评价沿河县地质灾害易发性。结果表明:CF模型比CF-LR模型地质灾害易发性等级的频率比值从低易发区到极高易发区明显增大,均有效评价了沿河县地质灾害易发性;CF-LR模型比CF模型AUC值提高了0.096,CF-LR模型具有更高的评价精度。     

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Bagging Ensemble Based Alternating Decision Trees,Logistic Regression and J48 Decision Trees Methods: A Comparative Study

In this study, we have evaluated and compared prediction capability of Bagging Ensemble Based Alternating Decision Trees (BADT), Logistic Regression (LR), and J48 Decision Trees (J48DT) for landslide susceptibility mapping at part of the Uttarakhand State (India). The BADT method has been proposed in the present study which is a novel hybrid machine learning ensemble approach of bagging ensemble and alternating decision trees. The J48DT is a relative new machine learning technique which has been applied only in few landslide studies, and the LR is known as a popular landslide susceptibility model. For the model studies, a spatial database of 930 historical landslide events and 15 landslide affecting factors have been collected and analyzed. This database has been used to build and validate the landslide models namely BADT, LR and J48DT Predictive capability of these models has been validated and compared using statistical analyzing methods and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results show that these three landslide models (BADT, LR and J48DT) performed well with the training dataset. However, using the validation dataset the BADT model has the highest prediction capability, followed by the LR model, and the J48DT model, respectively. This indicates that the BADT is a promising method which can be used for landslide susceptibility assessment also for other landslide prone areas.     

降雨型滑坡时间概率的逻辑回归拟合及连续概率滑坡危险性建模

提高降雨型滑坡危险性预警精度和空间辨识度具有重要意义.以江西宁都县1980—2001年156个降雨型滑坡为例,首先基于传统的EE-D（early effective rainfall-rainfall duration）阈值法计算不同降雨诱发滑坡的时间概率级别;然后以各级别临界降雨阈值曲线对应的时间概率为因变量,并以对应的前期有效降雨量（early effective rainfall,EE）和降雨历时（D）为自变量,采用逻辑回归拟合出上述因变量与自变量之间的非线性关系,得到降雨诱发滑坡的连续概率值;之后对比C5.0决策树和多层感知器的滑坡易发性预测性能;最后利用降雨诱发滑坡的连续概率值与易发性图相耦合以实现连续概率滑坡危险性预警.结果显示:（1）宁都降雨型滑坡连续概率值的逻辑回归方程为1/P=1+e4.062+0.747 4×D-0.079 44×EE,其拟合优度为0.983;（2）2002—2003年的20处用于连续概率阈值测试的降雨型滑坡大都落在连续概率值大于0.7的区域,只有4处落在小于0.7的区域;（3）C5.0决策树预测滑坡易发性的精度显著高于多层感知器;（4）近5年的4次降雨型滑坡的连续概率危险性值都在0.8以上,且高和极高预警区的面积较传统滑坡危险性分区更小.可见连续概率滑坡危险性预警法相较于传统危险性分区法具有更高的预警精度和空间辨识度,且通过叠加滑坡易发性图及其临界降雨阈值可开展实时滑坡危险性预警制图.