山东蒙阴金伯利岩中铬铁矿电子探针波谱分析

铬铁矿是金伯利岩型金刚石矿床中主要的指示性矿物之一.准确分析出铬铁矿化学组分中FeO、MgO、Cr₂O₃、Al₂O₃、TiO₂含量,不但对铬铁矿定名起决定性作用,对金伯利岩型金刚石矿床找矿也具有重要的指示意义.利用电子探针波谱技术对铬铁矿主量化学元素分析,通过所测样品微区化学成分含量推测矿物名称.25件单矿物样品微区化学成分分析结果统计显示：单矿物中主要化学成分FeO为15.666%~29.971%,MgO为7.286%~11.477%,Cr₂O₃为56.421%~71.111%;次要化学成分MnO为0.012%~0.382%,Al₂O₃为0.871%~8.993%,TiO₂为0.074%~3.375%.矿物化学成分总量为99.117%~100.877%,单矿物化学成分与铬铁矿化学组分相当.根据矿物人工重砂鉴定特征及A、B离子占位情况,可以确定所测样品为镁铬铁矿.     

徐淮早白垩世埃达克质岩中含橄榄石单斜辉石岩的成因及其岩石学意义

报道了徐淮地区早白垩世埃达克质岩中首次发现的含橄榄石单斜辉石岩捕虏体的岩相学与矿物化学资料, 该类捕虏体显示堆积结构、块状构造, 主要由单斜辉石(~80%)、斜方辉石(~5%)、橄榄石(~5%)和普通角闪石(~10%)组成.橄榄石外侧发育有斜方辉石反应边, 角闪石沿辉石粒间分布, 呈嵌晶结构.矿物化学分析结果表明: 橄榄石的镁橄榄石分子值(Fo)=77.7~79.3, Ni=623×10-6~773×10-6; 斜方辉石的Mg#=75.6~80.2, Cr=161×10-6~684×10-6, Ni=79×10-6~708×10-6; 单斜辉石的Mg#=84.5~86.4, CaO=21.59%~23.13%, Al₂O₃=1.72%~2.44%.上述矿物与中、新生代玄武岩中橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石斑晶以及堆积成因辉石岩中的斜方辉石和单斜辉石成分类似.此外, 单斜辉石的稀土配分型式以相对富含中稀土元素的上凸型为特征, 稀土元素含量较低(∑REE=10.14×10-6~12.71×10-6), 无明显的铕异常(δEu=0.90~1.16), 类似于新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石斑晶.捕虏体中的普通角闪石的Mg#=74.0~80.4、SiO₂=43.2%~44.5%、Na₂O=2.04%~2.29%, 稀土元素分馏不明显, 显示亏损高场强元素(HFSEs, 如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf), 富集Sr、Rb、Ba的特征, 与新生代玄武岩中角闪石捕虏晶成分不同.结合其嵌晶结构, 普通角闪石应是寄主岩浆贯入结晶的产物.综合上述特征, 可以看出含橄榄石单斜辉石捕虏体为镁铁质岩浆高压堆晶成因.结合华北克拉通东部早白垩世双峰式火山岩组合的出现, 推断含橄榄石单斜辉石岩捕虏体可能是早白垩世基性岩浆底侵的产物.      

辉石族宝石矿物

辉石族矿物属硅酸盐单链结构;是重要的造岩矿物。由于阳离子的不同而晶体结构不同,有斜方和单斜晶系两个辉石亚族。辉石族中的宝石矿物:斜方辉石亚族中有顽火辉石、古铜辉石、紫苏辉石(及其变种富铁紫苏辉石);单斜辉石亚族中有透浑石(及其变种青透辉石、钙铁辉石、铬透辉石、异剥石、绿异剥石)、锂辉石(及其变种紫锂辉石和翠绿锂辉     

西藏泽当地幔橄榄岩经历了碳酸盐熔体交代——单斜辉石的矿物化学证据

泽当地幔橄榄岩中单斜辉石的矿物化学成分总体呈现高 CaO、Mg O、Al₂O₃和低 Cr₂O₃、Na₂O、Ni O 的特征,从二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩到纯橄岩,单斜辉石的 Mg^#值( [100w（Mg）/w（Mg+Fe）],68.0～97.4)和 Cr₂O₃含量升高,Al₂O₃含量降低。单斜辉石的元素双变量图解显示,二辉橄榄岩处于低程度部分熔融的深海地幔橄榄岩区域,纯橄岩位于高程度部分熔融的弧前地幔橄榄岩区域,暗示泽当地幔橄榄岩可能经历了从大洋中脊（MORB）到洋内俯冲（SSZ）的两期构造过程。泽当地幔橄榄岩中单斜辉石的 Ca/Al 比值介于 4.80～58.69,其中二辉橄榄岩为 4.80～28.42,方辉橄榄岩为 19.12～44.83,纯橄岩为 25.07～58.69,指示可能经历了碳酸盐熔体的交代改造。矿物微区微量元素分析表明,泽当地幔橄榄岩中的单斜辉石具有高...     

淮北闸河矿区高岭岩特征及其利用途径

用差热、X射线衍射及红外光谱等方法,对淮北闸河矿区下石盒子组底部5#、6#煤层间一层高岭岩矿层进行了研究。结果表明:矿层平均厚3.8m,矿石几乎全部是由高岭石组成的单矿物岩,有益组分Al₂O₃含量一般在36%~39%;主要有害组分Fe₂O₃含量变化在0.78%~1.71%之间;TiO₂含量多在0.4 9%~0.97%。为矿物组成纯净,有益组分含量高但有害组分亦较高的高岭岩。这种岩石是生产化工产品,以及煅烧高岭土的良好原料。      

中亚造山带东部非典型辉绿结构辉绿岩的岩相学特征及鉴定

在中亚造山带东部构造带中发现角闪变质辉绿岩,岩相学特征表明具非典型辉绿结构,显示变余辉绿结构及变余嵌晶含长结构.主要矿物为斜长石及角闪石,次要矿物为单斜辉石和阳起石.全岩岩石化学分析结果：SiO₂含量为49.15%～52.96%、Na₂O+K₂O含量为2.71%～5.07%、CaO含量为7.07%～10.40%、Al₂O₃含量为14.77%～17.31%、TFe0含量为8.80%～12.27%、MgO含量为6.45%～9.57%;在火山岩TAS分类图落入玄武岩区,属于基性岩范围;说明研究区具有非典型辉绿结构的岩石命名为角闪变质辉绿岩的正确性.角闪变质辉绿岩经历了退变质作用：基性斜长石（拉长石）退变质为中性斜长石（中长石）,进一步退变质为钠长石或钠更长石;单斜辉石退变质为角闪石,角闪石退变质为阳起石.     

甘-新北山地区二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁质岩体造岩矿物化学特征及其岩石学指示

二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁质岩体在北山造山带广泛分布,其中多发育铜镍硫化物矿化,并集中在新疆北山坡北和甘肃北山柳园地区。本文对柳园地区二叠纪骆驼山(283Ma)和西南山(277Ma)矿化岩体中早期结晶的造岩矿物开展矿物化学分析,并对甘-新北山地区矿化岩体的主要造岩矿物进行系统对比研究。骆驼山和西南山岩体主要由单辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄辉长岩和辉长岩组成,主要造岩矿物为橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石和角闪石,及少量铬尖晶石和金云母。铬尖晶石Cr^#值范围为52.2～70.4,TiO₂含量为1.1%～4.0%,Al₂O₃含量为8.1%～18.9%。橄榄石Fo值范围为78～86,Ni含量为856×10^-6～2121×10^-6,Ca含量为71.3×10^-6～720×10^-6。斜方辉石主要为顽火辉石和少量古铜辉石;单斜辉石为透辉石和普通辉石,Mg^#范围为86～88,Al^Ⅳ...     

黑龙江省太平岭地区下二叠统双桥子组岩石地球化学特征及其成矿意义

太平岭成矿带是黑龙江省重要的铜金多金属成矿带,矿床类型主要为中温热液脉型,也发育斑岩型、浅成低温热液型和岩浆熔离型.区内广泛发育的下二叠统双桥子组（P₁s）由泥质岩、粉砂岩及砂岩夹多层中酸性火山岩等组成.地层中Au、P、Fe等元素含量较高,近年来,在东宁县及穆棱市境内相继发现了陆角岭、五道沟-二十三公里等小型金矿床,金矿体均呈脉状产于P₁s中,但品位较低,直接影响到下一步找矿决策.在野外调查的基础上,利用岩石地球化学、X射线粉晶衍射以及有机碳分析等手段,对该地层岩石类型、沉积物源以及Au等成矿元素来源进行了分析,结果表明:岩石主量元素含量稳定,与PAAS相比,轻度亏损Al₂O₃、P₂O₅、CaO和MnO₂,中度亏损Na₂O、MgO、TiO₂和Fe₂O₃;微量元素除了Zn外,其他元素含量都较低;稀土元素总量与北美页岩相当,轻重稀土元素分异略低于北美页岩;主要矿物为粘土矿物（伊利石、绿泥石）和石英,另有不等量的钠长石、少量的碳酸盐矿物和黄铁矿,岩石TOC含量为0.22%~2.52%,平均值为1.10%;岩石中Au的含量与TOC和粘土矿物含量之间没有相关性.认为区内P₁s为碳质砂板岩,沉积物主要来源于石英质沉积岩的风化产物,少量来源于镁铁质和长英质火成岩,沉积于近岸环境,地层中高含量的金并不是成岩之后由流体携带而来并被岩石中富含的有机物或粘土矿物所吸附,而是同样来源于陆源风化产物,指示该区产于P₁s中的金矿并非层控型金矿床,而是受断层控制的热液脉型金矿床.      

桂东北鹰扬关地区罗家山辉长岩的矿物化学特征及其构造意义

对桂东北鹰扬关地区新发现的罗家山辉长岩开展年代学、矿物学和矿物化学研究,可进一步约束区域构造背景.罗家山辉长岩的主要矿物为单斜辉石(Cpx)和斜长石(Pl).单斜辉石具有高铁铝、低钙钠钛的特征,其成分为Wo_27～31En_36～47Fs_21～32,属于普通辉石;斜长石具有高硅铝钠、低钙钾的特点,其成分为An_0～3Ab_96～100Or_0～2,属于钠长石.根据单斜辉石的化学成分判定罗家山辉长岩的母岩浆属于Si不饱和的亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列.单斜辉石温压估算结果表明,罗家山辉长岩的形成温度介于1 282～1 292℃,平均值1 287℃;形成压力介于1.53～2.37 GPa,平均值2.02 GPa;对应深度介于50.49～78.21 km,平均值66.80 km.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄表明罗家山辉长岩形成于(768.9±6.8) Ma.单斜辉石的化学成分特征表明罗家山辉长岩属于典型的板内拉斑玄武岩.结合区域构造演化特征,推断罗家山辉长岩起源于地幔物质上...     

单斜辉石中石英出溶体的显微结构和成因机制

矿物出溶结构保存有早期母体矿物的物理化学条件信息,对其开展研究不仅有助于了解寄主岩石的来源深度,而且有助于研究减压折返的动力学演化过程.在世界许多高压-超高压带的榴辉岩和石榴辉石岩中,人们普遍发现单斜辉石中有定向排列的针状或棒状SiO₂析出物,其矿物相主要为α石英,有时会伴生钙质角闪石等含水矿物.这些定向针状或棒状体通常平行于单斜辉石c[001]轴方向延伸,石英长轴可以为其c[0001]轴或a[1120]轴.电子背散射衍射(EBSD)测试结果表明,多数石英(96%)析出物与寄主单斜辉石具有结晶学取向关系:(1) 50%的石英c轴平行,并且[0001]_Qz//[001]_Cpx;(2)35%的石英至少有一个a轴平行,并且[1120]_Qz//[001]_Cpx;(3)11%的石英至少有一个s{1121}面平行,并且(1121)_Qz//(100)_Cpx.钙质角闪石析出物与寄主单斜辉石也具有密切结晶学取向关系:(100)_Amp//(100)_Cpx、[010]_Amp//[010]_Cpx、[001]_Amp//[001]_Cpx、[100]_Amp∧[100]_Cpx≈32°.上述定量显微构造证据表明,单斜辉石中定向石英析出物是由出溶作用所形成,并且多数石英出溶体形成于α石英稳定域.已有高温高压实验研究数据表明,单斜辉石中空位的形成和钙埃斯科拉组分(CaEs)的含量均受化学组成、压力、温度等多种因素综合影响:单斜辉石中CaEs含量对化学组成非常敏感,并受到共生矿物体系中自由SiO₂相和蓝晶石的共同缓冲;相同化学组成和等压条件下,CaEs含量总体上随温度升高缓慢降低;相同化学组成和等温条件下,CaEs含量在＜6 GPa区间随压力升高而增加,在＞6 GPa区间随压力升高而降低.单斜辉石定向SiO₂析出物的形成可能涉及多种因素,高压只是其中必要条件之一.榴辉岩质单斜辉石中“石英±角闪石”析出物很可能形成于开放体系,与熔流体活动密切相关,涉及多阶段物质扩散、晶体成核生长、重结晶、退变质反应等复杂作用过程.单斜辉石中定向SiO₂析出物的显微结构特征并非超高压岩石的必要条件,这种特殊显微结构也不能作为证明超高压的充分条件.      

Modification of the subcontinental mantle beneath East Serbia: Evidence from orthopyroxene-rich xenoliths

Orthopyroxene-rich olivine websterite xenoliths (OWB₂) in Palaeogene basanites in East Serbia are mostly composed of tabular low-Al₂O₃ orthopyroxene (> 70 vol.%, Mg# 85–87) containing tiny Cr spinel inclusions. Orthopyroxene shows a slightly U-shaped primitive mantle-normalized trace element pattern with strong peaks at U and Pb, similar to that of orthopyroxene from normal regional peridotitic mantle. In between the orthopyroxenes are interstitial spaces composed of partially altered olivine (Mg# 85–87), clinopyroxene, Ti-rich spinel, Mg-bearing calcite, K-feldspar, apatite, ilmenite and relicts of a hydrous mineral. Clinopyroxene appears as selvages around orthopyroxene and as coarser euhedral crystals. Trace element patterns of the clinopyroxene selvages resemble those of adjacent orthopyroxene, whereas the coarser ones have flatter and more LREE- and LILE-enriched patterns, similar to that of metasomatic clinopyroxene. The OWB₂ xenoliths are interpreted as having formed in two stages. During Stage I orthopyroxene crystallized, along with some spinel, olivine and probably hydrous phase(s). This original OWB₂ lithology was a hydrous olivine-bearing orthopyroxenite that crystallised from subduction-related SiO₂-saturated, boninite-like magmas. During Stage II the interstitial minerals formed due to infiltration of a low-SiO₂, high-CaO and CO₂-rich external melt, accompanied by decomposition of original H₂O-bearing minerals. The calculated composition of the infiltrating liquid corresponds to a mafic alkaline melt similar to the basanitic host but more enriched in CO₂, LREE and LILE. Metasomatism is interpreted in terms of small degree melts related to the Palaeogene mafic alkaline magmatism.     

The Asama igneous complex, central Japan: An ultramafic-mafic layered intrusion in the Mikabu greenstone belt, Sambagawa metamorphic terrain

The Asama igneous complex comprises layered mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks exposed over about 500×6000 m in the Mikabu greenstone belt, Sambagawa metamorphic terrain of Mie Prefecture; its margins terminate by faults, and there is no trace of chilled rocks. The exposed layered sequence is about 460 m thick, and includes dunite, plagioclase wehrlite, olivine gabbro and two-pyroxene gabbro. The crystallization sequence of essential cumulus minerals is olivine, followed by plagioclase and clinopyroxene together, and finally the appearance of orthopyroxene. Olivine systematically varies in composition from Fo₈₉ to Fo₇₈ with stratigraphic height in the lower to middle portion of the layered sequence. The composition of clinopyroxene changes from Ca₄₉Mg₄₆Fe₅ to Ca₄₀Mg₄₇Fe₁₃ upward in the layered sequence; cumulus orthopyroxene, which occurs at the top of the exposed layered sequence, has a composition of Ca₂Mg₇₄Fe₂₄. Cumulus chromite occurs as disseminated grains in peridotitic rocks, and tends to increase its Fe³⁺/(Cr+Al+Fe³⁺) ratio with stratigraphic height. The most aluminous chromite [Cr/(Cr+Al) = 0.48] occurs in dunite that crystallized shortly before plagioclase began to separate as an essential phase. The Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio of the most aluminous chromite, coupled with the crystallization order of essential minerals, suggests that the Asama parental magma was moderately enriched in plagioclase and clinopyroxene components in the normative mineral diagram plagioclase-clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene. It was similar to a Hawaiian tholeiite and different from the Bushveld and Great “Dyke” parental magmas that were more enriched in orthopyroxene component; it also differed from mid-oceanic ridge basalts that are more depleted in the orthopyroxene component. The Asama clinopyroxene and chromite show characteristically high TiO₂ contents and are also similar to those in Hawaiian tholeiites. The Asama igneous complex probably resulted from the crystallization of a magma of a Hawaiian (oceanic-island) tholeiite composition and formed in an oceanic island regime.     

Occurrence and chemical composition of amphiboles and related minerals in corundum-bearing mafic rock from the Horoman Peridotite Complex, Japan

A corundum-bearing mafic rock in the Horoman Peridotite Complex, Japan, was derived from upper mantle conditions to lower crustal conditions with surrounding peridotites. The amphiboles found in the rock are classified into 3 types: (1) as interstitial and/or poikilitic grains (Green amphibole), (2) as a constituent mineral of symplectitic mineral aggregates with aluminous spinel at grain boundary between olivine and plagioclase (Symplectite amphibole) and (3) as film-shaped thin grains, usually less than 10 μm in width, at grain boundary between olivine and clinopyroxene (Film-shaped amphibole). The Film-shaped amphibole is rarely associated with orthopyroxene extremely low in Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃ and CaO (Low-Al OPX). These minerals were formed by infiltration of SiO₂- and volatile-rich fluids along grain boundaries after the rock was recrystallized at olivine-plagioclase stability conditions, i.e. the late stage of the exhumation of the Horoman Complex.

Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace-element patterns of the Green amphibole and clinopyroxene are characterized by LREE-depleted patterns with Eu positive and negative anomalies of Zr and Hf. These geochemical characteristics of the constituent minerals were inherited from original whole-rock compositions through a reaction involving both pre-existing clinopyroxene and plagioclase. We propose that the fluids were originally rich in a SiO₂ component but depleted in trace-elements. Dehydration of the surrounding metamorphic rocks in the Hidaka metamorphic belt, probably related to intrusion of hot peridotite body into the Hidaka crust, is a plausible origin for the fluids.     

Petrology of the Hopen mangerite-charnockite intrusion, Lofoten, north Norway

The Hopen massif, intrusive age 1900 m.y., exposed area 15 km², in the Lofoten-Vesterålen granulite facies province has the mineral assemblages: (1) mesoperthite+plagioclase (An_7–20)+quartz+clinopyroxene (Di_20–25)+orthopyroxene En_15–25+opaques±minor amphibole±minor biotite; (2) mesoperthite+plagioclase (An <2)+quartz+clinopyroxene (Di <10)+olivine Fe lt;5)+opaques. By using mineral and whole rock analyses, the crystallization conditions were estimated to be 1000°C, 12 kb load pressure and an oxygen fugacity approximately corresponding to the WM buffer. Rocks with the assemblage of type (2) contain secondary orthoferrosilite (Fe_0.90–0.95Mn_0.04–0.07Mg_0.01Ca_0.01)₂Si₂O₆, generated by reactions involving fayalite, magnetite and quartz at 800°C, 10kb load pressure and at oxygen fugacities approaching QFM buffer conditions. Subsequent to a crustal thickening, the mangeritic rocks in Lofoten-Vesterålen were emplaced in a tensional environment comparable with modern continental rifts. A ‘gabbro pillow’ magma chamber at the crustal base is proposed as parental magma for the mangeritic rocks, of which the Hopen massif represents a late differentiation.     

碳酸盐岩石成因类型的判别分析和白云鄂博“白云岩”的成因讨论

本文根据对世界上20多个国家和我国21个省碳酸盐岩石化学全分析数据的统计和换算结果,发现岩浆碳酸岩与沉积碳酸盐岩之间常量元素的一般含量无显著不同,但采用两组或逐步判别分析的方法,仍能将岩浆碳酸岩与沉积碳酸盐岩很好的区分开。判别效率可达90%以上。将这一方法应用到白云”鄂博矿区的“白云岩”和灰岩,90%以上的“白云岩”样品判为岩浆碳酸岩,灰岩的样品全部判为沉积碳酸盐岩,与它们的地质产状和地球化学特征一致。     

Mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of inclusions from De Beers Pool diamonds, Kimberley, South Africa

Silicate and oxide mineral inclusions in diamonds from the geologically and historically important De Beers Pool kimberlites in Kimberley, South Africa, are characterised by harzburgitic compositions (>90%), with lesser abundances from eclogitic and websteritic parageneses. The De Beers Pool diamonds contain unusually high numbers of inclusion intergrowths, with garnet+orthopyroxene±chromite±olivine and chromite+olivine assemblages dominant. More unusual intergrowths include garnet+olivine+magnesite and an eclogitic assemblage comprising garnet+clinopyroxene+rutile. The mineral chemistry of the De Beers Pool inclusions overlaps that of most worldwide localities. Peridotitic garnet inclusions exhibit variable CaO (<5.8 wt.%) and Cr₂O₃ contents (3.0–15.0 wt.%), although the majority are harzburgitic with very low calcium concentrations (<2 wt.% CaO). Eclogitic garnet inclusions are characterised by a wide range in CaO (3.3–21.1 wt.%) with low Cr₂O₃ (<1 wt.%). Websteritic garnets exhibit intermediate compositions. Most chromite inclusions contain 63–67 wt.% Cr₂O₃ and <0.5 wt.% TiO₂. Olivine and orthopyroxene inclusions are magnesium-rich with Mg-numbers of 93–97. Olivine inclusions in chromite exhibit the highest Mg-numbers and also contain elevated Cr₂O₃ contents up to 1.0 wt.%. Peridotitic clinopyroxene inclusions are Cr-diopsides with up to 0.8 wt.% K₂O. Eclogitic and websteritic clinopyroxene inclusions exhibit overlapping compositions with a wide range in Mg-numbers (66–86).

Calculated temperatures for non-touching inclusion pairs from individual diamonds range from 1082 to 1320 °C (average=1197 °C), whereas pressures vary from 4.6 to 7.7 GPa (average=6.3 GPa). Touching inclusion assemblages are characterised by equilibration temperatures of 995 to 1182 °C (average=1079 °C) and pressures of 4.2–6.8 GPa (average=5.4 GPa). Provided that the non-touching inclusions represent equilibrium assemblages, it is suggested that these inclusions record the conditions at the time of diamond crystallisation (1200 °C; 3.0 Ga). The lower average temperatures for touching inclusions are attributed to re-equilibration in a cooling mantle (1050 °C) prior to kimberlite eruption at 85 Ma. Pressure estimates for touching garnet–orthopyroxene inclusions are also skewed towards lower values than most non-touching inclusions. This apparent difference may be an artefact of the Al-exchange geobarometer and/or the result of sampling bias, due to limited numbers of non-touching garnet–orthopyroxene inclusions. Alternatively pressure differences could be caused by differential uplift in the mantle or possibly variations in thermal compressibility between diamond and silicate inclusions. However, thermodynamic modelling suggests that thermal compressibility differences would cause only minor changes in internal inclusion pressures (<0.2 GPa/100 °C).     

碳酸盐岩石成因类型的判别分析和白云鄂博“白云岩”的成因讨论

本文根据对世界上20多个国家和我国21个省碳酸盐岩石化学全分析数据的统计和换算结果,发现岩浆碳酸岩与沉积碳酸盐岩之间常量元素的一般含量无显著不同,但采用两组或逐步判别分析的方法,仍能将岩浆碳酸岩与沉积碳酸盐岩很好的区分开。判别效率可达90%以上。将这一方法应用到白云”鄂博矿区的“白云岩”和灰岩,90%以上的“白云岩”样品判为岩浆碳酸岩,灰岩的样品全部判为沉积碳酸盐岩,与它们的地质产状和地球化学特征一致。     

湖北竹山杨家堡组硅质岩成因及沉积环境分析

竹山地区位于扬子陆块北缘,寒武纪早期发育一套深水硅质岩系。该岩系由纯硅质岩夹少量白云岩、页岩所组成。硅质岩中微晶石英含量均超过85%,还含有少量碳质、燧石及微量绢云母。地球化学分析表明,该硅质岩的SiO₂含量较高,平均为93.4%;Al₂O₃和TiO₂含量较低,分别为0.19%~1.45%和0.01%~0.09%,TFe₂O₃为0.053%~0.342%,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值为0.58~0.83,平均为0.71,Eu/Eu*为0.74~3.61,平均为1.65,表明其硅质主要来源于生物本身或其生命活动产物,海底热液活动亦提供了一部硅质物质;同时,硅质岩具有较低的TFe₂O₃/TiO₂比值(2.16~12.56,平均值为5.86)和Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃)比值(0.65~0.87,平均值为0.78),Y的正异常(Y/Ho值为34.81~60.19,平均为47.0)及Ce的负异常(Ce/Ce*值为0.28~0.92),表明它们形成于远离陆源物质干扰的边缘海盆环境,且Ce负异常从底部到顶部有逐渐减小的趋势,记录了寒武纪时期扬子北缘被动陆缘裂谷盆地不断扩大,水体逐渐变深的过程。