甘肃金川Ⅱ号岩体橄榄石成因探讨

金川是世界第三大在采岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,其成因备受中外地质学家的关注。金川岩体被一系列北东-东向左行平移断层自西向东依次划分为Ⅲ、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ等4个岩体。金川岩体主要由硫化物纯橄岩、二辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩组成,边缘断续分布少量斜长石二辉橄榄岩和辉石岩。金川最大的1号矿体产于Ⅱ号岩体的中心,呈现出由中间硫化物纯橄岩向两侧浸染状的二辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩过渡的对称式岩相分布。电子探针分析结果显示,金川Ⅱ号岩体橄榄石Fo值在79.7%～83.9%之间变化,w（Ni）为959×10^-6～2060×10^-6,大多低于从硫不饱和玄武岩浆中结晶出的橄榄石Ni含量。模拟计算表明金川岩体母岩浆为高MgO玄武岩浆(w（MgO）=10%～13%,w（FeO）=11.5%～12.5%)。橄榄石Ni含量偏低的原因是橄榄石结晶的同时发生了硫化物熔离,橄榄石与硫化物的质量比值约为40﹕1。硫化物纯橄岩和二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的Ni含量及其与Fo值的相关性都存在显著的区别,暗示它们可能是从Ni含量不同的母岩浆中结晶出来的。同时,硫化物纯橄岩中橄榄岩经历了与硫化物熔体的Fe-Ni交换...     

夏日哈木超大型镍矿I号岩体地幔源区性质和硫化物熔离过程：来自橄榄石成分、亲铜元素和硫同位素的约束

夏日哈木超大型镍矿I号岩体的地幔源区目前仍存在软流圈、大陆下岩石圈地幔和辉石岩地幔三种不同认识。本次研究通过对该岩体西段新近发现的隐伏矿体ZK3109钻孔中斜方辉石岩和浸染状矿石中的橄榄石进行原位成分分析,识别地幔源区性质,并结合硫化物原位S同位素和全岩亲铜元素组成,探讨硫化物熔离过程。样品中橄榄石均具有较低的Mn/Zn比值(基本小于13.5),而且斜方辉石岩中橄榄石具有较低的100×Mn/Fe比值(基本小于1.35),指示岩体源区有辉石岩地幔组分加入,与前人根据硫化物矿体富Ni特征的推测一致。橄榄石低Ca(小于300.00×10^-6)、高Li(平均9.83×10^-6)以及Sc与Ni正相关指示辉石岩地幔组分可能是俯冲洋壳物质交代大陆下岩石圈地幔的产物。另一方面,斜方辉石岩中橄榄石Ni、Fo值均与Co负相关且全岩S和铂族元素(PGE)相关性不明显,说明浅部岩浆房硫化物熔离发生在斜方辉石岩形成之后。浸染状矿石中橄榄石Co和Ni正相关且全岩S和PGE正相关,暗示橄榄石成分受控于硫化物熔离。样品中镍黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿δ³⁴...     

金川Ⅰ号岩体橄榄石Ni-MgO相互关系及其地质意义

金川超镁铁质岩体赋存着仅次于加拿大Sudbury和俄罗斯Noril'sk-Talnakh的世界第三大在采铜镍硫化物矿床,岩体以一系列的NE向断层为界分成四个小岩体,由西至东依次为:Ⅲ、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ岩体.Ⅰ号岩体主要由二辉橄榄岩、含辉橄榄岩和橄榄二辉岩构成,橄榄石在各岩相中均为保存较好的主要造岩矿物.本文研究得到金川Ⅰ号岩体上部二辉橄榄岩和含辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的镁橄榄石F_o值介于83.9～85.7,而其Ni含量为1396×10~(-6)～2043×10~(-6),大多低于从S不饱和玄武岩浆中结晶出来的橄榄石的Ni含量.模拟计算结果表明橄榄石较低的Ni含量是因为橄榄石结晶的同时,发生了强烈的硫化物熔离;橄榄石的Fo-Ni关系还因与晶间硅酸盐熔浆的物质交换而发生改变.模拟计算还证明大约有30%的晶间硅酸盐岩浆与橄榄石发生Fe-Mg物质交换反应,导致早结晶橄榄石的Fo值减少了1～1.5.同时,橄榄石较小的Fo值变化表明,在橄榄石结晶和硫化物熔离过程中,不断有新的岩浆贯入和补充.     

青海省夏日哈木铜镍矿床岩石地球化学特征及其意义

新发现的青海省夏日哈木超大型镍矿床,在国内是仅次于金川岩浆铜镍矿床的第二大矿床。矿区发育5个镁铁-超镁铁岩体,目前仅Ⅰ号镁铁-超镁铁岩体内发现了具有经济价值的超大型矿体,其他4个岩体多为镁质橄榄岩及榴辉岩,是多种构造体制叠加岩浆活动的结果。分析发现Ⅰ号岩体所有岩石的SiO_2含量为34.11%~54.28%,其m/f值为2.01~4.93,属铁质系列的镁铁-超镁铁岩石。通过对橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量研究表明,存在多期次的岩浆成矿作用,橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量正相关和负相关的协变关系,说明存在早期硫化物不混溶作用。结合区域年代学综合分析认为,夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的形成,是早泥盆世早期岩浆活动于柴达木盆地边缘东昆仑造山带夏日哈木地区具体的成矿表现。在其Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩体的深部,仍具有较大的找矿潜力,而其他3个镁铁-超镁铁质多以镁质橄榄岩为主,不具备镍矿成矿条件,可能没有发现铜镍矿的经济价值。     

金川岩浆铜镍（铂）硫化物矿床中两类橄榄石的发现及其成矿意义

金川铜镍硫化物矿床是世界第三大岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床,其成因机制一直备受争议。主要成矿模型有以下两种:(1)岩浆通道堆积模型;(2)深部熔离-多次贯入模型。目前,二者均不能较好解释矿区中存在的各种地质现象。本文重点研究矿区橄榄石的特征,借此来探讨"硫化物矿浆"的迁移方式与侵位能力。本次研究在金川矿床中发现了两类橄榄石:LREE亏损型(Ⅰ型)与LREE富集型(Ⅱ型)。其中,Ⅰ型橄榄石为岩浆正常结晶的原始颗粒,常见复杂的成分环带,由原生橄榄石与晶间硅酸盐熔体/不混溶硫化物熔体发生物质交换所形成,继承了玄武质岩浆稀土含量低的特征,广泛分布于各类超基性岩石与矿石中;Ⅱ型橄榄石常见包裹斜方辉石的反序列包含关系,以稀土含量高(～2个数量级)且相对富Mg而显著区别于前者,为辉石堆晶颗粒经流体触发不一致熔融后再结晶形成的橄榄石,多见于硫化物矿石中。金川矿床硫化物矿石中广泛发育的原生富Cl含水矿物(金云母、角闪石、磷灰石)与Ⅰ型橄榄石边部活动性元素含量的剧增,暗示金川矿体形成过程受富Cl流体影响显著。实验岩石学与动力学模拟的新研究进展表明流体的加入可有效推动高密度硫化物的迁移,流体的加入可能是金川硫化物矿浆上侵运移的主要机制。结合硫化物Cu/Ni西高东低的空间演化规律,橄榄石Fo值西高东低的空间变化趋势与晶体粒度西细东粗的分布特征可以推测,金川铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆通道的前进方向为自西向东。     

橄榄石微量元素原位分析的现状及其应用

随着高精度EMPA和LA-ICP-MS分析技术的发展和矿物微量元素测试精度的提高,利用橄榄石中的微量元素示踪地幔部分熔融、地幔交代作用、岩浆早期结晶过程等地质问题成为近年来一个新兴的研究方向。一系列开拓性的研究发现也被陆续的发表,主要涉及橄榄石中Ni、Co、Al、Cr、Zn、Ti、Li、V、Sc、Mn、Ca和P等元素的示踪使用。一些卓有成效的示踪方法为:Ca、Al、Ti、Ni及Mn能够很好的用于区分橄榄石捕掳晶和斑晶;橄榄石-尖晶石地幔演化趋势线(OSMA:olivine-spinel mantle array)图解可以用于表征岩浆源区的亏损程度;玄武岩中橄榄石斑晶的Li同位素及Li含量可以很有效地指示岩浆源区是否存在地壳物质再循环及地幔交代作用;橄榄石斑晶中Ni、Ca、Mn、Cr和Al协变关系图解可以识别岩浆的辉石岩源区;利用橄榄石捕掳晶中Zr和Sc的含量差异特征可将橄榄岩中三种最主要的类型(尖晶石橄榄岩、石榴石橄榄岩以及尖晶石-石榴石橄榄岩)区分开来;一些元素的比值或组合(例如Ni/Co、Fe/Mn、V/Sc、Zr和Sc、Ca和Ti)可以指示源区交代作用、岩浆作用过程及氧化状态;基于橄榄石中Al、Cr及Ca的地质温度计可以为推算地幔热状态提供新方法;基于橄榄石分离结晶Fo-NiO演化线的原始岩浆计算模型可以较好的推算原始岩浆成分;利用橄榄石的环带及微量元素的扩散机制可以判别更多岩石成因信息,如识别交代介质、熔体类型以及地质构造背景等。基于上述最新研究的相关资料和已有成果,本文对橄榄石微量元素的地球化学示踪方法做系统性的归纳整理,并对橄榄石微量元素赋存状况、橄榄石微量元素测试方法、橄榄石微量元素的使用条件及需注意的问题等进行讨论,为读者在做相关研究时提供参考。     

造山带铜镍硫化物矿床的岩浆起源:以东天山黄山南铜镍矿床为例

位于中亚造山带南缘的新疆东天山地区因其出露大量的二叠纪镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体并产出一系列铜镍硫化物矿床而成为近年来地质学界关注的焦点.选择新疆东天山地区黄山南含铜镍矿镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体为研究对象,对其开展了系统的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究,以探讨造山带铜镍硫化物矿床的岩浆起源与性质.黄山南岩体主要由方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、（橄榄）辉长苏长岩和闪长岩组成.各岩相显示富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素、强烈亏损Nb-Ta、Ti,类似于典型岛弧火山岩特征.黄山南镁铁质-超镁铁质岩具有较大变化范围的ε_Nd（t=282.5 Ma）值（-1.31~4.22）和（87Sr/86Sr）_i比值（0.703 2~0.706 9）以及高的（206Pb/204Pb）_i比值（17.67~18.90）,暗示其来源于一个适度富集的亏损地幔并经历了5%~20%新生地壳物质混染和~5%上地壳物质混染.根据橄榄石最高Fo牌号（摩尔含量为86.6%）计算的黄山南母岩浆为苦橄质岩浆（MgO=12.11%、FeO_Total=11.14%、Ni=306×10-6）,指示其岩浆源区应为软流圈和交代地幔楔共同熔融的源区.黄山南橄榄石低的Ca（< 725×10-6）和100×Mn/Fe（1.18~1.38）、高的Ni（1 451×10-6~2 813×10-6）和Mn/Zn（11.09~23.53）,暗示黄山南母岩浆来源于含有辉石岩的不均一橄榄岩地幔源区.因此,我们推测黄山南岩体的原始岩浆来源于早期经历过俯冲流体改造的含有辉石岩的交代岩石圈地幔源区.      

峨眉火成岩省内带岩浆硫化物含矿岩体橄榄石的成因意义

峨眉火成岩省内带出露数十个含Ni-Cu-铂族元素(PGE)硫化物矿床(或矿化)的镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入岩体.根据铂族元素(PGE)含量的不同,这些岩浆硫化物矿床可分为Ni-Cu型(如力马河和清水河)、Ni-Cu-PGE型(如清矿山和黄草坪)和PGE型(如金宝山和杨合武).不同类型含矿岩体的橄榄石电子探针分析表明,除了清矿山岩体少数几个橄榄石晶体属于镁橄榄石外(Fo90.1～Fo93.1),其余均为贵橄榄石(Fo76.8～Fo89.6).不同矿化类型的岩体的橄榄石成分差异明显.Ni-Cu型硫化物含矿岩体的橄榄石Fo为77～87,Ni含量变化范围为(976～2176)×10-6.Ni-Cu-PGE型硫化物含矿岩体的橄榄石Fo为80～86,Ni含量范围为(1024～2543)×10-6.PGE型硫化物含矿岩体的橄榄石Fo为78～84,Ni含量在(776～1755)×10-6之间变化.清矿山Ni-Cu-PGE型硫化物含矿岩体橄榄石具有高Fo(最高达93.1)和CaO含量(0.245%～1.14%)、以及非常低的Ni(266×10-6)的特征,可能是同化混染作用的结果.利用力马河岩体最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算表明,母岩...     

硫化物熔离对岩浆硫化物含矿岩体中橄榄石Ni含量的影响——以金川岩体为例

为探讨硫化物熔离对含矿岩体中橄榄石Ni含量的影响,在前人橄榄石结晶硫化物熔离模型的基础上,定量模似计算了分离结晶过程中橄榄石Ni含量,并将其应用于金川橄榄石成园研究。研究表明,部分橄榄石落于无硫化物熔离橄榄石结晶趋势线下方,暗示其母岩浆为S饱和。根据模拟计算S饱和母岩浆橄榄石分离结晶趋势线,指出金川深部岩浆房中母岩浆橄榄石的分离结晶程度小于或等于3％,而由橄榄石结晶所导致熔离的硫化物熔体与橄榄石之间质量比约为40。     

新疆哈密白石泉含铜镍镁铁-超镁铁质岩体铂族元素特征

新疆哈密白石泉镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的铂族元素研究表明,岩体的铂族元素总含量较低,原始地幔标准化模式具镁铁质岩石的特征,并具Pt 正异常,且铂族元素的分异主要受结晶分异作用的影响.岩体的Cu/Pd、Se/S、Ti/Pd值表明其发生过硫化物的熔离作用.Pd/Ir、Ni/Cu特征表明了岩体系高镁玄武岩岩浆的产物.铂族元素特征揭示了白石泉岩体硫化物的熔离作用是由原始岩浆结晶分异导致的,岩体的形成是原始岩浆发生橄榄石等的结晶,导致硫化物的熔离作用后,其残余岩浆演化的结果.     

Trace Elements in Olivines from the Giant Jinchuan Ni-Cu-(PGE) Deposit,NW China,and Its Geological Implication

The giant Jinchuan magmatic sulfide deposit in China is the third largest mining deposits in the world. Although many research have been done, there still exist some debates in the genesis of deposit. This study using the LA-IC-MS to obtain the trace elements concentrations of the olivine in order to discuss the mechanism of influence the element variability and illustrate the process of magmatism and ore-forming. The analytical results show that Ni, Co correlate negatively with Fo in the olivine, Mn/Fe is positively correlate with Fo, while Mn/Zn and Zn/Fe show no obvious correlation with Fo. The primitive mantle olivine-normalized trace element patterns of the Jinchuan olivine show that Jinchuan Ⅰ, Ⅱ intrusions have the same trace elements characteristics, which display negative Cr, V, Ni, Co and Ti anomalies and enrichment of Zr, Y, Ti, Sc and Ca. The multi-element patterns of the Jinchuan olivine imply same parental magma in the intrusion Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The spinel which cocrystallization with the olivine make it display negative Cr, V and Ti anomalies. The contents of Ni and Co in olivine are influenced by the process of sulfide segregation and the reaction between sulfide and olivine. The lower content of Cr and V in olivine of the intrusion Ⅱ compared with the intrusion Ⅰ imply that the parental magma of the intrusion Ⅱ was more evolved. Higher Mn/Zn (>13) ratios and lower Zn/Fe (<11) ratios indicate that the magma of Jinchuan intrusion likely originate from partial melting of peridotite mantle possibly, instead of pyroxene mantle sources.     

峨眉山大火成岩省平川苦橄岩地幔源区性质——来自橄榄石微量元素的制约

橄榄石是基性岩浆中最早期结晶的硅酸盐矿物之一,其主量、微量元素特征可以反映出岩浆演化环境、岩浆源区岩性和再循环组分性质等重要信息.本次研究通过对峨眉山大火成岩省平川苦橄岩中橄榄石主量和微量元素分析,以及橄榄石内尖晶石包裹体分析,并与大理苦橄岩中橄榄石和尖晶石成分进行对比,来探讨不同苦橄岩母岩浆氧逸度及源区性质的异同.橄...     

甘肃金川铜镍(铂)硫化物矿床中高镁辉绿岩脉的发现及其意义

位于华北板块西缘赋存于超镁铁质岩中的金川矿床,是目前世界第三大镍硫化物矿床.金川铜镍硫化物矿床的原生岩浆问题一直存在着较大的争议,前人通过研究金川铜镍硫化物矿体中的堆晶橄榄岩中橄榄石的成分,从而推导原生岩浆的成分.而作者通过对金川铜镍硫化物矿体内部的基性岩脉深入研究,从另一个角度探究金川铜镍硫化物矿床的原生岩浆成分.通过对岩脉岩相学、主量元素的研究表明金川铜镍硫化物矿体中的岩脉主要是辉绿岩,因其MgO的含量的不同可以划分为高镁辉绿岩和低镁辉绿岩.辉绿岩脉的主量元素和微量元素显示这两类岩脉发生过分离结晶作用.PGE元素特征显示辉绿岩脉和金川矿床是同一期次产物,Pmelts的模拟演化得出本文中辉绿岩脉的液相线矿物橄榄石的牌号为Fo86,与金川矿床发现最高牌号Fo86一致.同时Ol-CATS-Q相图表明JC100925-5样品形成的源区在3GPa以上.多种因素显示这种高镁的岩浆是金川矿区的原生岩浆.     

Distribution of major and trace elements in La Luna Formation, Southwestern Venezuelan Basin

The La Luna Formation (Maraca section), Maracaibo Basin, was studied by means of V and Ni analysis of the bitumen, total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (St), major elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Ti, Na, K, P), trace elements (V, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, and Zn), and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) of the whole rock, and St, major elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Ti, Na, K, P), trace elements (V, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ba, U, Th) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sn, Eu, Th, Yb, Lu) of the carbonate-free fraction. The results are discussed based on the organic and inorganic association of trace elements and their use as paleoenvironmental indicators of sedimentation. An association between V and organic matter is suggested by means of correlation between V and Ni vs. TOC, the use of EPMA (whole rock) and V and Ni concentrations (carbonate-free fraction), whereas Ni is found in the organic matter and the sulfide phase. Fe is present as massive and framboidal pyrite, whereas Zn precipitates into a separate phase (sphalerite), and Ni, Cu and, in some cases, Zn, can be found as sulfides associated with pyrite. Concentrations of V and Ni (bitumen), TOC, St, V, Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn (whole rock), U, Th, Mo (carbonate-free fraction) are indicative of changes in the dysoxic sedimentation conditions in the chert layers (TOC, St, V, Ni, Cu and low Zn and V/Cr <4) to euxinic anoxic conditions in the argillaceous limestone (TOC, St, V, Ni, Cu and high Zn and V/Cr >4). In the sequence corresponding to the argillaceous limestone, variations in the concentrations of TOC, St, V, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cr (whole rock) can be observed, also suggesting variable sedimentation conditions. The following is proposed: (i) sedimentation intervals under euxinic conditions associated with high contribution and/or preservation of organic matter, allowing a high concentration level of V and Ni in the organic phase and the accumulation of Cu, Zn and Ni (in a smaller proportion) in the sulfide phase; (ii) sedimentation intervals under anoxic conditions and in the presence of relatively lower H₂S, which allowed lower concentrations of V and Ni in the organic phase and higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Ni in the sulfide phase. Rare earth elements (REE) concentrations exhibit a marked increase in Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y and Lu for the QM-3 interval, relative to Post-Archean Average Shale (PAAS). REE enrichment in shales has been related to the presence of phosphate minerals such as monazite or apatite. However, these minerals were not detected through XRD or EPMA in the whole rock or in the carbonate-free fraction. The association of REE with organic matter is suggested due to the absence of phosphate minerals, although assessment of these elements require further analysis.     

盘石山幔源透辉石微量元素地球化学

用质子探针和电子探针分别测定盘石山幔源橄揽岩包体中透辉石、橄榄石的微量元素和主量元素丰度;用X-射线荧光光谱法测定包体全岩的主量和微量元素丰度。定量讨论微量元素的分布和分配。其中绝大部分Sr、Zr、Ti、Na赋存在透辉石中,绝大部分Mn、Zn、Ni赋存在橄揽石中,在T=1194-1435K范围,分配系数变化如下:InD_Ol/Cpx^Zn=1.44-2.19;InD_Ol/Cpx^Mn=0.21-0.40,InD_Ol/Cpx^Ti=4.76-5.61,InD_Ol/Cpx^Ni(平均值)=2.20.透辉石中Ti/Zr=42-103,低于原始地幔值,由地幔隐性交代作用造成。     

塔里木东北缘坡十Ni矿化侵入体中橄榄石和铬尖晶石对成岩成矿及源区特征的约束

坡十Ni矿化超镁铁侵入体的矿化岩相主要为第二侵入期次的（斜长）单辉橄榄岩、（斜长）二辉橄榄岩、 纯橄岩等岩相。坡十超镁铁岩的橄榄石成分变化范围较大, 橄榄石的Fo值在76.8～89.6之间, Ni含量为767×10^-6～4 580×10^-6。铬尖晶石的Mg^#值和Cr^#值变化范围分别为19.4～41.9和49.8～64.8, 原生铬尖晶石中Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃表现为负相关, 蚀变改造的铬尖晶石则表现为正相关。橄榄石成分剖面显示坡十母岩浆处于一个动态的岩浆系统中, 成分稳定的新鲜岩浆的补给、 持续向上的动力及浅部橄榄石快速分离结晶,造成了不同深度橄榄石成分的不同变化。坡十侵入体母岩浆估算结果为MgO=14.49％, FeO=10.01％,模拟结果显示橄榄石中Ni含量的变化主要受橄榄石结晶分异和硫化物不混溶作用共同控制,其中橄榄石与硫化物熔体发生明显的Fe-Ni交换反应。坡十母岩浆中橄榄石分离结晶造成的硫饱和,是坡十硫化物熔离的重要因素。橄榄石高Fo值、母岩浆高MgO、超镁铁岩中斜长石发育、矿物高结晶温度和铬尖晶石成分的弧岩浆特征显示,塔里木东北缘坡十侵入体是俯冲交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的母岩浆的产物,表现出低压高温的演化特征,其中源区熔融机制可能与塔里木二叠纪地幔柱提供的热源或该区大规模拆沉作用造成的软流圈上涌有关。     

Decoupling of cobalt and nickel in high-temperature magmatic processes and its metallogenic indicationSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Cobalt ( Co) and nickel (Ni) have similar geochemical behaviors and commonly co -vary in nature, but they may undergo decoupling in certain geological processes, especially in ore -forming processes, and the decoupling mechanism is not yet clear. This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics and migration behaviors of Co and Ni in major rock -forming minerals in different types of mafic-ultramafic rocks. The Ni (2500 x 10(-6) 3400 x 10(-6)) and Co (110 x 10(-6) 160 x 10(-6)) contents of mantle olivine are both higher than those of the primitive mantle. The Ni content shows no obvious correlation with the Fo value, while the Co content has a strong negative correlation with both the Fo value and the Ni/Co ratio. This indicates that partial melting does not cause significant changes in Ni content of olivine, but can control the Co content and the Ni/Co ratio, mainly due to the differences in compatibility between the two elements in olivine. Melt-rock reactions can cause significant Co-Ni decoupling between minerals and within minerals, but the mechanisms differ. In the process of reacting with basaltic magma, olivine mainly absorbs Co and loses Ni, while being affected by coexisting spinet minerals. When reacting with carbonatite melt, olivine loses Co, but Ni remains almost unchanged. As mantle derived basaltic magma intrudes into the lower crust, the migration of Co and Ni in pyroxenes is controlled by concentration gradients and sulfide crystallization. The local enrichment of Co provides an important material basis for the formation of Co -rich melts in deep crustal melting. During the differentiation and evolution of mafic-ultramafic magma, the chromite fractional crystallization and sulfide segregation can cause Co-Ni decoupling at both rock and/or mineral scales. Meanwhile, the enriched hydrous fluids released during chromite aggregation and sulfide melt solidification can significantly promote the efficiency of element exchange in sub-solidus state, especially strengthening the activity of Co, thus causing negative correlations between Co and Ni in olivine and even in chromite. Comparative studies show that the trends of Co and Ni content changes in mineral assemblages are evidently different, or even opposite, between mineralized and barren bodies and between ore -bearing and ore -free rocks, which provides a basis for identifying mineralization in rock bodies and guiding prospecting.