北大巴山凤凰山岩体锆石U Pb LA ICP MS年龄及其构造意义

北大巴山凤凰山岩体是扬子陆块北缘典型的新元古代侵入岩群,对采自岩体的6个花岗岩(闪长岩)样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年分析。定年数据显示,岩浆活动可分为早期(797±6Ma)、中期(770±6Ma、774±5Ma)、晚期(755±6Ma、750±13Ma和743±6Ma)三个阶段,证实凤凰山岩体为多期岩浆侵入形成。这几期岩浆活动在扬子陆块具同步性和普遍性,广泛被记录在黄陵、汉南等其它新元古代杂岩中。凤凰山花岗岩完整记录了扬子陆块北缘南华纪初期的区域拉张—裂陷事件,其形成可能与导致Rodinia超大陆裂解作用的幕式地幔柱活动有关。本次研究对认识扬子陆块新元古代地壳生长与再造过程及Rodinia超大陆裂解机制具有重要意义。     

南秦岭铁瓦殿岩体的成岩时代及地质意义

铁瓦殿岩体位于陕西省南部汉阴县、石泉县和紫阳县交界部位,大地构造位置属于南秦岭构造带南部,主要由闪长岩、石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩、石英二长岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明铁瓦殿岩体存在3阶段的岩浆侵位:早期阶段的石英二长岩形成于742±5Ma,中期阶段的石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩及二长花岗岩形成于～722Ma;晚期阶段的石英闪长岩形成于704±4Ma。通过与扬子北缘汉南杂岩中的中酸性火山岩及侵入岩的岩石组合和形成时代对比,发现铁瓦殿深成侵入岩与扬子克拉通北缘汉南杂岩中中酸性侵入岩具有相似的岩石组合和形成时代,表明它们经历了相似的构造-岩浆演化。铁瓦殿岩体是南秦岭地区新元古代俯冲作用相关的重要地质记录。     

陕西西乡县龙王塘地区新元古代岩体和 脉岩锆石U-Pb年代学及源区性质

陕西西乡县广泛出露的晋宁期岩浆岩是研究和理解扬子克拉通基底地质演化的一个窗口。通过对西乡县龙王塘地区的辉长岩体、花岗岩脉和钠长斑岩脉进行锆石U-Pb定年和原位Lu-Hf同位素分析,确定了岩浆侵位时代,揭示了岩浆源区特征。年代学研究结果表明,辉长岩体和花岗岩脉的侵位时间分别为（863.6±4.4）Ma和（863.6±3.8）Ma,是新元古代岩浆作用的产物。在两条钠长斑岩脉中识别出（905.2±8.2）Ma、（807.0±8.9）Ma和（762.5±4.2）Ma三组锆石年龄,第一组为继承锆石的年龄,后两组年龄分别代表两条岩脉的侵位时代。综上可知,龙王塘地区存在~864 Ma、~807 Ma和~763 Ma三期岩浆作用,以及早期（~905 Ma）构造热事件,岩浆作用具有长期性和多阶段性特征。Lu-Hf同位素分析结果表明,辉长岩体和脉岩的ε_Hf（t）平均值介于+7.1~+10.0之间。对已有地质资料进行综合分析发现,汉南地区的绝大多数新元古代岩体的ε_Hf（t）为正值,具有随时间偏离亏损地幔线,接近球粒陨石线的基本演化趋势。上述锆石U-Pb年龄和原位Lu-Hf同位素结果表明,龙王塘地区出露的新元古代岩浆岩起源于亏损地幔或新生地壳的部分熔融,形成于活动型大陆边缘环境。      

扬子北部三峡地区南沱组冰碛岩的物源特征:锆石年龄和地球化学证据

扬子陆块新元古代地层发育完整并广泛分布,三峡地区南沱组冰碛岩是扬子北部南华纪的冰成杂砾岩,不整合地覆盖在新元古代黄陵花岗岩之上.南沱组冰碛岩成分复杂,分选性差,缺乏可对比的标志,其沉积时代和物源组成研究较少且存在争议.对南沱组冰碛岩开展锆石U-Pb定年工作,得到最年轻的锆石年龄为706±7 Ma,印证了南沱组沉积时代应不早于700 Ma的说法,并可与Marinoan冰期对应.所获得锆石U-Pb年龄谱峰值主要分为~3.0 Ga,2.5~2.3 Ga,2.05~1.95 Ga和900~700 Ma,反映了扬子陆块4次地壳再造事件,其中古元古代和太古代年龄与崆岭杂岩相似,900~800 Ma和800~700 Ma的锆石年龄与附近黄陵花岗岩和扬子北缘岩体一致.冰碛砂岩的微量元素和同位素组成分异明显,可能是扬子北缘岩体、黄陵花岗岩和崆岭杂岩不同程度混合的结果.南沱组冰碛岩中包裹的花岗质砾石表现出不同的微量元素特征,具有偏低的稀土含量和亏损的重稀土组成,结合其锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd同位素特征,这些花岗质砾石主体可能来自于附近黄陵花岗岩和崆岭岩基.南沱组冰碛岩的物质组成特征反映了新元古时期,扬子地区强烈的裂谷岩浆作用所导致的北高南低的地势环境.      

扬子陆核与陆缘新元古代岩浆事件对比及其构造意义——来自黄陵和汉南侵入杂岩ELA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的约束

本文报道分别位于扬子克拉通核部和北缘的黄陵及汉南新元古代侵入杂岩体的惰性气体激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱(ELA-ICPMS)锆石U-Pb年代学研究及其构造意义分析.定年数据显示,黄陵地区的三斗坪、大老岭岩套分别形成于794±7和795±8Ma;晓峰浅成岩岩套形成于744±22Ma,不仅与震旦系莲沱组底部火山岩年龄相同,且同期热事件普遍记录于杂岩体内其它岩套.汉南杂岩体中五堵门岩体形成于789±10Ma,在分析误差范围内与三斗坪、大老岭岩套相同;天平河岩形成于863±10Ma,这是在扬子北缘首次识别出这期岩浆作用.在扬子陆核和北缘侵入杂岩中还分别发现了≈860Ma和945～931Ma的捕获锆石.此外,740Ma的后期热事件同样记录于汉南杂岩体,表明扬子陆块内部和北缘共同经历了790Ma的峰期中酸性岩浆作用和≈740Ma的后期强烈热改造事件,即事件具有克拉通范围的性质.与天平河岩体岩性相似、年龄相同的侵入岩体已在攀西多处地区发现,说明空间上860Ma岩浆作用在扬子北缘和西缘可能具延续性.作者认为,"晋宁期"具造山性质的构造运动开始的时间应以830Ma为限,于≈790Ma达到了以壳内物质重熔为主的大规模岩浆侵入事件的峰期,并在≈740Ma以短期内地壳运动由剧烈抬升向快速沉降的构造转换为造山作用结束的标志.本次研究成果为探讨扬子克拉通新元古代大规模岩浆作用与同期全球构造事件的相互关系提供了重要的同位素年代学约束.     

江西九岭花岗岩类复式岩基锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学

江西九岭花岗岩体产于扬子地块东南缘, 是我国华南的一个规模巨大的复式花岗岩基.该岩体一直被认为是在晋宁期、海西期和燕山期多期次岩浆侵入活动的产物.在对该复式岩基进行详细野外调查的基础上, 开展了锆石SHRIMPUPb年龄测定, 过去认为是晋宁期形成的花岗岩样品, 测出的206Pb/238U年龄为(9828±8) Ma; 而原来认为是海西期形成的甘坊岩体测出的年龄为(820±10) Ma, 说明该区不存在海西期的花岗岩, 结合其他新的年代学资料推测扬子板块内可能不存在加里东—海西期的岩体; 原认为是燕山中期的样品测出的年龄为(151.4±2.4) Ma, 研究结果与原来的一致.此外, 还获得了1.4~1.9 Ga的继承锆石的年龄, 可能代表九岭新元古代花岗岩源岩的年龄.      

肥东杂岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素:对扬子克拉通统一结晶基底的限制

扬子克拉通广泛存在太古宙-古元古代的结晶基底,但关于扬子克拉通早前寒武纪基底形成和演化的基本问题尚未完全解决,特别是基底是由多个块体拼合而成还是一个统一的结晶基底尚无定论.对扬子北缘张八岭隆起内肥东杂岩的片麻岩、斜长角闪岩及侵入其中的花岗岩进行了同位素地质年代学和地球化学研究,发现片麻岩具有相似的原岩年龄,分别为2 449±17 Ma、2 444±15 Ma、2 495±23 Ma、2 478±24 Ma,斜长角闪岩和A型花岗岩的原岩年龄分别为2 032±35 Ma和747±4 Ma,表明肥东杂岩出露有扬子克拉通晚太古-古元古代的结晶基底.片麻岩锆石Hf同位素组成相似,ε_Hf（t）平均值为-3.6±0.5,两阶段Hf模式年龄（T_DM2）范围主要在3.3~3.0 Ga,平均值为3 185±31 Ma,说明这一期约为2.45~2.50 Ga的岩浆活动主要是对扬子北缘古-中太古代地壳的再造.扬子北缘的鱼洞子群和陡岭杂岩都经历了相同性质的岩浆事件,同时扬子克拉通广泛出现约2.50 Ga的碎屑锆石和捕获锆石,表明扬子克拉通结晶基底是统一的.      

汉南新元古代岩浆岩侵入体的形成温度及其地质意义

席家坝花岗片麻岩、斜长角闪岩和金盆村花岗片麻岩出露于扬子西北缘汉南岩体的东北部。这些侵入体中的锆石具有较高Th/U比值,且在阴极发光图像中显示清晰的岩浆振荡环带,具有典型的岩浆成因锆石特征。我们对这3个侵入体分别开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年工作,结果显示其形成于846±3 Ma、800±3 Ma和815±3 Ma,对应的ε_Hf（t）为-25～-13、-1～+12、+6～+10。席家坝花岗片麻岩的二阶段模式年龄T_DM²为3.43～2.56 Ga、席家坝斜长角闪岩的一阶段模式年龄T_DM¹为1.41～0.88 Ga、金盆村花岗片麻岩的二阶段模式年龄T_DM²为1.31～1.11 Ga。席家坝斜长角闪岩和金盆村花岗片麻岩亏损的Hf同位素组成显示,汉南地区在新元古代经历了一期重要的地壳生长事件。锆石的Ti温度计算出这些花岗片麻岩侵入体的岩浆锆石结晶温度为610 ℃～790 ℃。结合区域资料,全岩Zr饱和温度计算结果显示扬子西北缘新元古代花岗质岩浆岩的形成温度随时间有规律性变化,可以识别出3期高温岩浆岩事件。第一期为897～887 Ma,以西乡流纹岩和米仓山喜神坝黑云母花岗岩为代表,对应汉南同期柳树店洋岛玄武岩,可能与～900 Ma地幔柱岩浆活动有关。第二期为817～760 Ma,以米仓山红庙镇钾长花岗岩和铁船山流纹岩为代表,对应汉南820～750 Ma基性侵入岩记录,可能与板块俯冲形成的弧后盆地伸展相关。第三期为～707 Ma,以西乡正长花岗岩为代表,对应同时期扬子西北缘基性侵入岩记录,可能与米仓山、汉南地区弧-陆后碰撞伸展有关。     

南岭地区诸广山复式岩体年代格架研究

诸广山岩体是南岭地区著名的大型复式岩体之一,但其研究程度存在南体高、北体低的不均衡现象,制约了对诸广山岩体年代格架及其岩石组成的整体性认识.本文对诸广山复式岩体(北体)进行锆石年代研究,测得早古生代汤湖岩体、寨前岩体、东洛岩体(黑云母二长花岗岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为444±2 Ma、448±3 Ma、440±2 Ma,桂东岩体和上堡岩体(黑云母花岗闪长岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为444±2 Ma、442±2 Ma;中生代淋洋岩体(二长花岗岩)和鹅形岩体(正长花岗岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为230±3 Ma、157±1 Ma.诸广山岩体(北体)是由晚奥陶世-早志留世、晚三叠世、晚侏罗世岩体组成的复式岩体.结合南体年代与岩石学资料,认为诸广山复式岩体的侵位可划分为晚奥陶世-早志留世、中-晚三叠世、晚侏罗世三个期次,相应的岩石组合大致由花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩→二长花岗岩→二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩演变,与显生宙南岭地区地壳物质成熟度逐渐增高的总趋势一致,这可能为晚中生代该区发生钨锡铍铌钽铀等战略性矿产大规模、集群式成矿奠定了物质基础.汤湖岩体和寨前岩体中存在的新元古代继承锆石和捕获锆石暗示本区早古生代岩体形成过程中可能有新元古代物质的参与.     

黔东南新元古代岩浆岩单颗粒锆石 U- Pb年龄及其构造意义

对黔东南地区摩天岭花岗岩、下江群基性火山岩及加榜基性侵入岩进行了精确的锆石 U- Pb法定年,年龄结果分别为 (825.0± 2.4) Ma, (815.8± 4.9) Ma和 (788.4± 2.6) Ma,形成时代均为新元古代中期.下江群的沉积上限应不晚于 788 Ma.下江群地层在所研究基性火山岩下厚度仅数百米,在其上厚度达数千米至近万米,可以推测下江群开始接受沉积的年代应接近于 815 Ma.在 815～ 788 Ma较短时间内沉积地层之厚,可见当时地壳上升和剥蚀速度都较快.前人的研究发现,扬子地块周缘和内部都存在着与摩天岭花岗岩年代相近的花岗岩体,以及扬子地块周缘和华夏地块都存在与下江群基性火山岩年代相近的包括双峰式在内的火山岩.另外,桂北黔东南和湖北黄陵地区新元古代的花岗岩和基性侵入岩在时代和地球化学特征上比较相近.认为桂北黔东南的新元古代岩浆岩的形成与地幔柱导致的 Rodinia超大陆裂解有关.     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.