贵州早,中三叠世台地—盆地相过渡区层序地层及沉积地球化学特征

在详细的露头层序地层学研究的基础上,建立了贵州早、中三叠世台地和盆地过渡区２个三级层序７个四级层序和层序地层格架。并分析了该地区早、中三叠世地层微量元素分布的规律,探讨了三叠纪层序地层与微量元素之间的关系。     

裂谷构造与滇黔桂三角地区金矿关系

滇黔桂三角地区是我国南方的一个重要的金矿成矿区,金矿床主要赋存在裂谷作用强烈时期沉积的晚二叠世至中三叠世地层中,金成矿作用是在裂谷带这一特定大地构造背景下进行的,金矿床的形成是裂谷带形成、发展、演化的必然结果。     

裂谷构造与滇黔桂三角地区金矿关系

滇黔桂三角地区是我国南方的一个重要的金矿成矿区,金矿床主要赋存在裂谷作用强烈时期沉积的晚二叠世至中三叠世地层中,金成矿作用是在裂谷带这一特定大地构造背景下进行的,金矿床的形成是裂谷带形成、发展、演化的必然结果。     

广西早,中三叠世层序地层

广西三叠系发育良好，是研究层地层理想地区之一，笔者以剖面调查为基础，根据地层结构及不整合界面，将早中三叠世地层初步划分出６－７个三级层序，均属海平面升降和构造复合叠加控制型高频率层序，反映早中三叠世经历了６－７次较大的海平面升降旋迥。早三叠世总体表现以海侵为主，中三叠世以海退为主，早三叠世初期和早中三叠世交接时期为最大海侵期，安尼锡克初期转为最大海退期。     

西藏东部早-中三叠世火山-沉积盆地地质特征

:西藏东部存在四条NW-SE向大致平行分布的早-中三叠世地层条带,自东向西分别为普水桥组、瓦拉寺组条带,马拉松多组-加指拉组条带,夏牙村组条带和竹卡群条带.我们通过地层岩性及其自WN向ES均有火山岩减少和沉积岩增多趋势、区域构造特征、盆地延入云南西部中三叠世地层沉积具趋同性等特征,认为藏东四个条带的早-中三叠世地层,在沉积时为统一火山-沉积盆地.早-中三叠世期间,该火山-沉积盆地沉积作用自东向西不断推进,中三叠世盆地范围最大、海水最深,在江达-芒康-线出现半深水-深水复理石沉积.火山活动贯穿盆地发展全过程,其中WN部和WS部火山活动最强烈,火山活动主要为中酸性火山岩及火山碎屑岩,随着中三叠世强烈地火山喷发,于中三叠世拉丁中期结束盆地发展历史.盆地形成和演化过程中,海水从东部侵入.     

罗平生物群化石类型在云南泸西地区的发现及其意义

罗平生物群是我国著名的三叠纪海相生物群，时代为中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期，主要分布在云南罗平县城周围大洼子、九光村等地.在泸西地区中三叠统关岭组二段发现了海生爬行类、鱼类、节肢动物、棘皮动物、软体动物、腕足动物、植物等罗平生物群化石类型，初步研究显示泸西地区罗平生物群化石构成面貌与罗平基本一致，但新发现的盾鳞化石是罗平生物群层位软骨鱼类的首次报道.在泸西白水塘中三叠统关岭组二段剖面中识别出了Nicoraella germanicus、Nicoraella cf.kockeli和Neogondolella? bifurcata等牙形石类型，构成面貌特征表明其归属于中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期，与罗平地区地层时代相当.泸西地区罗平生物群化石的发现扩大了罗平生物群的分布范围，其中新发现的盾鳞化石为研究华南中三叠世软骨鱼类提供了新材料.      

贵州中三叠世生物礁

贵州中三叠世生物礁,早在六十年代中期,殷鸿福、杨遵仪就已提出线索。作者在六十年代初研究贵州三叠纪地层时,已对三叠系相变带的特征和规模,以及板庚碳酸盐岩体有了初步认识。七十年代初,作者又到花江进行调查,发现一套壮观的藻礁灰岩。     

藏南康马地区三叠系研究新进展

根据康马地区三叠系吕村组和涅如组新发现的化石及区域地质背景 ,把该区的地层时代分别厘定为中三叠世中晚期至晚三叠世早期和晚三叠世中晚期 ,并认为缺失早三叠世至中三叠世早期的沉积。研究表明康马地区三叠系与二叠系之间为微角度不整合接触 ,是“藏南运动”和“印支伸展运动”共同影响形成的。晚二叠世末至中三叠世早期 ,康马地区露出海面 ,接受剥蚀并形成喀斯特化风化壳。中三叠世末至晚三叠世 ,这一地区发生强烈伸展—裂陷 ,地壳迅速沉降 ,形成被动大陆边缘裂谷盆地 ,发育巨厚的半深海—深海复理石沉积 ,并伴随大量基性岩浆贯入。涅如组下部有两期基性岩侵入 ,早期基性岩床形成于印支晚期 ,晚期穿层侵入形成于燕山早期。     

四川广元地区早、中三叠世层序地层研究

根据海相层序地层理论和研究方法，通过对四川北部广元地区早、中三叠世沉积地层露头剖面的详细研究。划分出1个二级层序和6个三级层序。根据沉积层序和体系域的演化特征，编制了相对海平面变化曲线。通过区内沉积层序的划分对比，初步建立了广元地区早、中三叠世海相地层的层序地层格架。     

新疆东昆仑卡尔瓦西地区马尔争组牙形石的发现及地质意义

通过分析新疆东昆仑卡尔瓦西地区马尔争组中上段地层,揭示该套地层的沉积旋回及韵律特征。沉积标志和微量元素分析表明,该区马尔争组地层为浅海至半深海碳酸盐台地相沉积。对研究区马尔争组采集的牙形石标本进行研究和分析,10件样品中采集到2枚Neogondolella regale化石标本,该牙形石广泛分布于早三叠世斯派斯特期末期—中三叠世安尼期早期。因此,该区原定为二叠系马尔争组的形成时代可能是早中三叠世。     

Stratigraphic significance of Middle Triassic radiolarians from the central part of Kotel’nyi Island (New Siberian Islands)

New data on Middle Triassic radiolarians from the central part of Kotel’nyi Island are discussed. The Triassic section is represented by clays and mudstones with diverse macro- and microfossils, which confirm the presence of lower Anisian, upper Anisian, and upper Ladinian sediments on the island. The lower Anisian Substage 10–15 m thick is composed of clays with ammonoid species Karangatites evolutus. The upper Anisian Substage 20 m thick consists of clays with phosphate concretions and bivalves Daonella sp. cf. D. moussoni Merian, D. americana Smith, ammonoid form Indigirophyllites sp. ex gr. I. spetsbergensis (Oeberg), and radiolarian assemblage with Glomeropyle boreale Bragin. The upper Ladinian Substage 25–30 m thick is composed of clays with phosphate concretions and bivalves including Daonella frami Kittl., ammonoid species Indigirophyllites sp. ex gr. I. oimekonensis Popow, and radiolarian assemblage with Muelleritortis firma (Gorican). The middle Anisian and lower Ladinian substages are missing, which may be explained by the incompleteness of the section. The Middle Triassic section of Kotel’nyi Island is first stratified on the basis of radiolarians, which are supplemented by the data on cephalopods and bivalves. Glomeropyle saccum Bragin, sp. nov. is described.     

秦岭三叠系分带及印支期发展史

秦岭及共邻区的三叠系自北而南可分为四带.北秦岭三叠系具有富含植物化石的陆相上三叠统,其下的优地槽型细碧角斑岩系时代未定.中秦岭下三叠统为复理石夹多层砾状灰岩,后者系斜坡沉积,物源可能来自北方,安尼期为复理石.南秦岭北带在二叠纪晚期已裂陷接受复理石及以砾状灰岩为代表的斜坡沉积.早三叠世至安尼期为深水相黑色板岩、薄层灰岩、复理石并夹火山岩.南秦岭南带及巴顿喀喇从早三叠世至安尼期为扬子地台的一部分,岩相及化百群与之一致,具有发育良好的安尼期陆棚边缘生物滩.从拉丁期开始裂陷．出现鱼鳞蛤页岩、砾状灰岩及巨厚复理石,后者延续至晚三叠世,有放射虫为证.整个中,南秦岭呈现一个由二叠纪晚期开始,延续于印支期的裂陷槽发育史.它的北部—中秦岭和南秦岭北带于二叠纪末及三叠纪初先后裂陷,并于拉丁期褶皱回返.它的南部—南秦岭南带及巴颜喀喇于拉丁期裂陷,并于三叠纪末回返.这个裂陷槽是否构成印支期秦岭的主体,抑或它仅是“北秦岭小洋盆”在扬子大陆边缘的弧后扩张盆地,取决于北秦岭是否存在早、中三叠世优地槽沉积.后者尚未证实.     

An early Daonella from the Middle Anisian of Guangxi, southwestern China, and its phylogenetical significance

The late Middle Anisian Daonella fengshanensis sp. nov. from the upper part of the Lower Member of the Banna Formation near Jinya in northwestern Guangxi, southwestern China, represents the earliest appearance of Daonella in this region. With regard to stratigraphical occurrence as well as morphological features the new species is in a transitional position between Enteropleura and more derived species of Daonella. The new species is an early representative of the genus Daonella and regarded as phylogenetically being near the genus’ origin. It is characterised by a small posterior auricle similar to Enteropleura and flat-topped radial ribs resembling later species of Daonella. Its anterior shell sector is large. The shell sculpture of juvenile stages closely resembles both Daonella and Enteropleura, supporting the hypothesis that Daonella may have evolved from Enteropleura.     

Tethyan Crinoids in the Panthalassa Ocean

Three late Anisian (Etalian) and five late Ladinian (Kaihikuan) crinoids are known to occur in a sequence exposed at Caroline Cutting, Oreti Valley, Southland, New Zealand - ‘Isocrinus’ carolinensis, ‘Isocrinus’ balrnacaanensis, Dadocrinus gractlis (late Anisian - Etalian), Holocrinus trechmanni, Encriniis undatus, Encrinus ternio, Holocrinus quinqueradiatus, Tollmannicrinus sakltbelensts (Late Ladinian - Kaihikuan). Crinoids D. gracilts, E. ternto, H. quinqueradiatus, and T. saklibelensis are known to occur elsewhere, albeit in the Northern Hemisphere. These species are also known from intermediate migratory points on a Tethys Ocean route between New Zcaland and Europe. ‘Isocrinus’ occurs at Caroline Cutting about thc time when it has been proposed that thc Isocrinidae radiated from the Holocrinidae. It is suggested that the offshore Gondwanaland environment of Caroline Cutting was the locus of some of the earliest Isocrinidae known in the Southern hemisphere. This biogeographic situation suggests an ongoing interchange of migratory crinoid faunas from Northern Hemisphere basinal peri-Tethys, along a Tethys Ocean route, to an offshore Gondwanaland Middle Triassic point now called Caroline Cutting.     

Triassic ammonoids of Northeast Asia: Diversity and evolutionary stages

The history of Triassic ammonoids in the Siberian Province of the Boreal Paleobiogeographic Realm is recorded in detail in sections of Northeast Asia. In this region there are known at present 123 Triassic ammonoid genera of 41 family and 3 orders. Six stages and 14 substages are defined based on main levels of taxonomic restructuring of Triassic ammonoids, changes in their genera and families diversity, and changes in percentage of endemic and cosmopolitan taxa in assemblages. Each stage and substage is characterized by individual taxonomic composition of ammonoids, dominant groups, trends of changes in taxonomic diversity, and percentages of endemic and cosmopolitan taxa. Boundaries of ammonoid evolution stages coincide as a rule with boundaries of series and stages, whereas boundaries of evolutionary substages match those of substages. In the history of Triassic ammonoids of Northeast Asia, the periods of a rather monotonous fauna represented mainly by cosmopolitan or panboreal taxa (early Induan, early Olenekian, early Anisian, late Anisian, early Carnian, early and middle Norian) alternated with periods, typical of which were higher rates of taxa origination and endemism of ammonoids (late Induan, late Olenekian, middle Anisian, Ladinian, late Carnian). Changing degree of cosmopolitism and endemism of Triassic ammonoid faunas from Northeast Asia is shown to be connected with global eustatic sea-level fluctuations and climatic changes.     

中国南方中三叠世地层及沉积古地理分异

中三叠世是中国南方沉积盆地从海相沉积向陆相沉积转变的重要时期, 因此阐明该期的地层结构和沉积古地理分异对于揭示该区域构造和地质发展历史是相当重要的。本文将中国南方划分为四个沉积区 :东南沉积区、下扬子沉积区、上扬子沉积区及右江沉积区。同时对各沉积区序列、岩相生物群的分布和分异进行了总结。从而认为当时东南沉积区与下扬子沉积区是一个直接关联的沉积古地理整体, 而上扬子沉积区与右江沉积区为另个沉积古地理整体。前者在中三叠世时是一个南东高, 北西低的向北西方向倾斜的陆缘海沉积盆地, 从安尼期至拉丁期, 沉积相带不断向北西方向迁移, 并在安尼期与拉丁期之交完成从海向陆的转变。     

山东诸城晚白垩世孢粉组合的发现及其地质意义

山东晚白垩世沉积以往未见孢粉化石。近年,通过对山东诸城侯家屯钻井岩心的研究,发现了丰富的孢粉化石,为确定地层时代和恢复古气候提供了有力的依据。其孢粉组成如下:     

Strontium isotope composition of marine carbonates of Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic age,Lombardic Alps,Italy*

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and strontium concentrations for thirty-three samples of marine carbonate rocks of Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic age have been determined. The samples were collected from four measured sections in the areas of Val Camonica in northern Italy. The strontium concentrations vary from 40 to 7000 ppm. Most of the samples are calcitic limestones containing less than 10% of non-carbonate residues. Dolomitic samples and those containing appreciable non-carbonate residues have significantly diminished strontium concentrations. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the carbonate phases of these rocks appear to be unaffected by dolomitization and by the presence of non-carbonate minerals. The average ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the formations vary systematically in a stratigraphic sense. The ratio increased from Early Anisian to Early-Middle Ladinian, declined during Late Ladinian and Carnian, rose again during the Norian and then declined throughout the Late Norian (Rhaetian), Hettangian, Sinemurian and Pliens-bachian ages. The average ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, relative to 0.7080 for the Eimer and Amend standard, are: Anisian: 0.70805 ± 00019; Early Ladinian: 0.7085 ± 0.00038; Late Ladinian: 0.70791 ± 0.00013; Carnian: 0.70776 ± 0.00015; Norian and Rhaetian: 0.70791 ± 0.00014; Hettangian: 0.70762 ± 0.00021; Sinemurian: 0.7070 ± 0.00038; Pliensbachian: 0.7070 ± 0.00015. These variations reflect changes in the isotopic composition of Sr entering the oceans in early Mesozoic time due to varying rates of weathering and erosion of young volcanic rocks (low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) and old granitic rocks (high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr). The data presented in this report contribute to a growing body of information regarding the changes that have occurred in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of the oceans in Phanerozoic time.