贵州省梵净山区新元古代岩浆活动的年代学格架及其大地构造意义

江南造山带位于华夏与扬子地块之间,发育大量新元古代火成岩,是研究地球早期壳幔相互作用、板块构造演化的理想对象。江南造山带东段新元古代板块演化研究已初具雏形,但对其西南段构造演化还争议不断,主要问题在于没有构建与区域地质特点吻合的岩浆活动年代学格架。本文以江南造山带西南段梵净山为研究区,基于详细的区域地质填图结果,针对侵入于梵净山群(沉积时代850~830 Ma)中的基性-超基性岩样品开展原位锆石年代学研究。新的年代学数据表明,侵入于梵净山群的3个辉长岩体结晶年龄分别为813 Ma、804 Ma、748 Ma。结合前人发表数据,提出梵净山地区岩浆活动可划分为两个阶段:晋宁Ⅰ期(850~825 Ma)、晋宁Ⅱ期(820~750 Ma),分别对应于梵净山期、下江期盆地演化。该岩浆岩年代学格架与区域地层年代格架吻合,形成了完整的新元古代沉积-岩浆活动记录。这套沉积-岩浆组合的大地构造背景尚不明确,需要通过大地构造相分析予以确定。     

江南造山带东段新元古代至早中生代多期造山作用特征

新元古代江南造山带远离晚中生代活动大陆边缘,是研究华南地区新元古代至早中生代多期造山作用的理想对象。文章通过对江南造山带东段沉积建造、岩浆活动、构造变形以及同位素年代学数据的综合分析,总结了其晋宁期、广西期以及印支期造山作用的特征。江南造山带东段在晋宁期经历了南北两侧大洋俯冲和两期碰撞造山作用。新元古代早期(880~860 Ma)双溪坞岛弧与扬子陆块东南缘发生弧-陆碰撞作用,形成淡色花岗岩、高压蓝片岩、NNE向褶皱-逆冲构造以及弧后前陆盆地。新元古代中期(约850 Ma),扬子陆块北缘开始发育由北向南的大洋俯冲。随着俯冲作用的进行,弧后盆地发生关闭,扬子陆块与华夏陆块发生陆-陆碰撞并形成新元古代(820~810Ma)江南造山带,导致近E-W走向褶皱-逆冲构造、韧性变形以及过铝质花岗岩的发育。江南造山带东段在约810Ma开始发生后造山垮塌和裂谷作用,以发育南华纪早期(805~750 Ma)花岗岩、中酸性火山岩、基性岩以及裂谷盆地为特征。江南造山带东段万载—南昌—景德镇—歙县断裂带以南地区卷入了华南广西期造山作用,发育近E-W走向由南向北的逆冲构造(465~450 Ma)、NNE向正花状构造(449~430 Ma)以及后造山近E-W走向韧性走滑剪切带(429~380 Ma)。印支期造山作用导致了NNE向褶皱-逆冲构造和花岗岩的发育,并奠定了江南造山带东段的基本构造面貌。     

江南造山带皖南地区历口群沉积相、物源和时代研究

江南造山带东段皖南地区的历口群,通常被认为是Rodinia超大陆形成后的早期裂谷沉积,记录了扬子板块东南缘东段晋宁造山作用后皖南地区新元古代盆地演化。但迄今为止皖南新元古代地层同位素年代学数据仍比较欠缺,且对历口群缺乏典型剖面的沉积学研究,沉积物物源仍不清楚,制约了对扬子地块东南缘东段新元古代盆地演化的全面认识。因此,本文选取出露于江南造山带东段的镇头组和邓家组典型剖面,运用沉积学、地层学和锆石U-Pb年代学方法,系统分析历口群沉积相及其物源特征,认为历口群形成时代在820～760 Ma之间,镇头组形成于近岸水下扇环境,主要物源为双桥山群浅变质岩和与双桥山群岛弧岩浆活动有关的地区,邓家组形成于滨岸环境,主要物源来自于扬子板块内部,部分与南华系裂谷火山岩和双桥山群岛弧岩浆活动有关。本研究对新元古代江南次级盆地演化时限提供制约,为扬子地块东南缘新元古代年代地层格架的建立和盆地的重建提供重要依据。     

贵州梵净山地区新元古代拉伸纪岩浆演化时序

为获得江南造山带西段梵净山地区新元古代拉伸纪的岩浆演化时序,为区域综合对比提供可靠的典型地区岩浆岩年代学研究基础资料,以及为梵净山申报地质公园提供详实的科普素材,对研究区新发现的辉绿岩体进行了年代学研究,获得该岩体U-Pb年龄为805.3±4.5Ma。通过对已有年龄数据的系统梳理与总结,认为梵净山群回香坪组内玄武岩的喷发结束时间为840Ma,存在831Ma、814～805Ma两次基性-超基性岩浆活动和855Ma、834Ma两次酸性岩浆活动。梵净山地区的新元古代拉伸纪岩浆活动时序可与黔东南—桂北地区对比。结合岩石类型及其地球化学特征,认为江南造山带西段拉伸纪早期岩浆岩的成因可能与扬子和华夏板块的俯冲碰撞有关,拉伸纪晚期岩浆岩的形成可能与华南大陆伸展裂陷有关。     

扬子克拉通南华纪碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素对华南新元古代岩浆事件的指示

对采自宜昌三峡地区南华纪沉积岩中碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb定年,新元古代锆石U-Pb年龄在833Ma、785Ma出现高峰,说明此时期有两期大规模岩浆活动.结合前人的Hf同位素结果,新元古代锆石U-Pb年龄与ε_Hf(t)值关系图表明: 910~890Ma之间锆石ε_Hf(t)值表现为高正值(≈10,接近亏损地幔演化值),890~840Ma锆石ε_Hf(t)值明显降低,并有负值出现,另外在890Ma处有年龄峰出现.笔者认为扬子和华夏板块的拼合可能在890Ma发生了由俯冲到陆-陆或陆-弧的碰撞,之前的高ε_Hf(t)值由洋壳俯冲造成,之后碰撞作用陆壳物质熔融造成了ε_Hf(t)值的降低; 840~800Ma的锆石ε_Hf(t)值有正也有负,800~780Ma的锆石ε_Hf(t)值小于0,780~750Ma的锆石ε_Hf(t)值大于0.这些数据与830~795Ma、780~745Ma两期地幔柱事件吻合.      

雪峰造山带新元古代构造演化框架

目前对江南造山带新元古代构造演化存在不同认识。本文在系统收集近年来大量高精度年龄数据及岩石地球化学研究成果基础上,重塑了雪峰造山带（江南造山带西段）及其东南缘新元古代构造演化过程：880～820Ma期间雪峰造山带为岛弧岩浆作用阶段,东南缘城步地区为弧前盆地;820～810Ma期间雪峰造山带为弧-陆（主）碰撞阶段,城步地区处于弧前盆地向岛弧发展的过渡时期;810～800Ma期间雪峰造山带进入后碰撞环境,城步地区形成新的岛弧;800～630Ma整体进入裂谷盆地阶段。上述过程反映出扬子陆块东南缘的岛弧增生过程,同时暗示雪峰造山带南东面的雪峰期和南华纪沉积叠覆于华南残留洋盆之上。     

桂北地区南华系沉积物源分析——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

江南造山带西南部是扬子克拉通新元古代地层发育较完整的地区之一。其中,桂北地区的南华系地层自下而上依次为:长安组、富禄组、大塘坡组和黎家坡组,沉积厚度从几十米到几千米不等,总体趋势是西厚东薄。本文对长安组、富禄组、黎家坡组的5个样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测试。其中长安组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄存在一个峰值,峰值区间为724~972Ma之间,最年轻的年龄加权平均值为746±5Ma(n=19),指示南华系长安组沉积年龄可能介于746~780Ma之间;富禄组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄有三个峰值,主峰为705~936Ma,两个次峰分别为1823~2163Ma和2241~2673Ma之间;黎家坡组下部121109-3样品的碎屑锆石主峰值为1966~2118Ma,两个次峰为724~921Ma和2221~2688Ma;中部121109-4样品碎屑锆石主峰值为1813~2192Ma,两个次峰为748~944Ma和2296~2726Ma;上部121109-5样品碎屑锆石主峰值为1984~2193Ma,两个次峰为653~1007Ma和2215~2675Ma。桂北地区南华系长安组、富禄组、黎家坡组5个样品的年龄峰值区间相近,但主峰和次峰有明显的区别,反映了三个组沉积地层主要物源可能来自不同的地区,并经历了不同的沉积环境。碎屑锆石年龄分布特征反映了在653~1007Ma之间扬子克拉通东南缘、江南造山带西南部的桂北地区有强烈的岩浆活动,可能与Rodinia超大陆的聚合和裂解事件有关,而1792~2261Ma的岩浆活动则与Columbia超大陆的聚合和裂解事件相对应,2298~2500Ma碎屑锆石年龄可能暗示在扬子克拉通南缘存在古元古代基底,少量大于2500Ma的锆石年龄表明在扬子克拉通南缘还存在太古宙基底物质。5个样品均缺少1100~1300Ma格林威尔造山时期的记录,说明江南造山带并非处在Rodinia超级大陆的中心。总之,扬子克拉通南缘及江南造山带西南部至少经历了三期强烈的构造-岩浆热事件,这三期事件在桂北地区的南华系沉积地层中均有非常清楚的记录。     

扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块南华系碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其物源示踪

扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块红岩沟地区碧口群火山岩系之上发育有南华—震旦纪沉积盖层,但南华系的沉积时代尚缺乏依据,其物源及构造背景也仍无定论。本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法,对南华系上部含砾岩系中的长石砂岩进行了碎屑锆石测年研究,结果表明碎屑锆石的年龄可以分为两组:(1)新元古代晚期年龄组(750~800Ma),峰值年龄为795Ma;(2)新元古代早中期年龄组(820~920Ma),该组有明显峰值,峰值年龄为850Ma。碎屑锆石最小年龄组平均年龄为750Ma,即南华系上部含砾岩系沉积时代不老于750Ma,结合地层序列中的层位关系,认为该地层的沉积时代可能为晚南华世。综合研究认为,南华系上部含砾岩系物源具多源性,主要来自扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块内部和南侧后龙门山构造带、汉南-米仓山微地块的新元古代中酸性岩浆岩,北侧勉略构造带出露的岩浆岩可能也为该地层提供了少量的物源,其沉积事件对应于新元古代中晚期(~810Ma)碧口微地块及扬子板块西北缘后碰撞-裂解阶段。     

贵州南华纪—震旦纪沉积大地构造及其对沉积矿产的控制作用

新元古代早期(820 720 Ma),华南由扬子地块、华夏地块和江南造山带3个构造单元组成。新元古代晚期,南华纪-震旦纪(720 541 Ma)沿新元古代早期的江南造山带发育一裂谷盆地-南华裂谷,贵州东部是南华裂谷的重要组成部分。传统认为黔东地区该裂谷盆地为北北东向,越来越多的证据证明该裂谷盆地为北东东向。黔东地区南华纪裂谷盆地具有典型的地堑、地垒结构,并控制着"大塘坡式"锰矿的分布。震旦纪之后,裂谷盆地处于沉降阶段,沉降中心向南迁移到凯里-玉屏一线。震旦纪时期,扬子地块和南华裂谷存在明显的滨浅海磷矿-碳酸盐岩和深水泥质岩-硅质岩的沉积分异。扬子地块和南华裂谷控制着扬子地块震旦系陡山沱组磷矿和南华裂谷老堡组重晶石等沉积矿产的分布。富磷矿位于松桃-贵阳同沉积断裂以北的扬子地块南缘,重晶石矿发育于裂谷盆地强烈沉降区的天柱-岑巩一带。     

湖北红安群的时代：变质花岗质侵入体U－Pb定年提供的制约

湖北红安群的原岩形成时代一直是个有争议的问题。笔者对红安群中两个不同类型的花岗质侵入体进行了锆石U-Pb定年,在位于红安群之下的双峰尖岩体中获得岩浆侵位年龄为(813±6)Ma,在侵入于红安群中的高格岩体获得岩浆侵位年龄为(638±142)Ma,高压变质年龄为(229±22)Ma。结合目前在扬子板块和大别造山带内部获得的一系列新元古代年代学数据,认为红安群变质杂岩中沉积地层的形成时代应限制在825～630Ma之间,是扬子大陆基底在新元古代裂解的产物。这套岩石在印支期(约230Ma)华北与扬子板块碰撞过程中经历了低温高压蓝片岩—榴辉岩相变质作用。     

狼山地区叠布斯格岩群变形研究及其构造意义

阿拉善东北缘狼山地区的叠布斯格岩群（杂岩）作为阿拉善地块前寒武纪基底之一,主要出露有条痕状黑云斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪片麻岩及透镜状斜长角闪岩,夹透辉石大理岩和磁铁石英岩等。本次研究通过构造解析与填图,系统分析了狼山地区叠布斯格岩群构造变形样式、变形期次与时限。研究显示,古元古代变质杂岩叠布斯格岩群至少记录了四期变形,第一期变形主要表现为片麻岩早期面理的枢纽近E- W向褶皱变形（D1）,轴面倾向NNW,应与华北克拉通统一化过程有关;第二期为近N- S向褶皱变形（D2）,褶皱枢纽向NNE倾伏,古生代时期阿拉善地块与华北板块增生拼合,在阿拉善地块东缘产生近东西向挤压,在狼山地区形成枢纽近N- S向的褶皱;第三期变形为NE向巴彦乌拉山- 狼山断裂带的左行韧性走滑剪切作用（D3）,中-晚三叠世扬子板块与华北板块碰撞造成的阿拉善地块相对华北板块沿巴彦乌拉山- 狼山断裂发生左行剪切运动,使早期构造发生逆时针旋转,是狼山地区一期重要的变形事件;第四期为NE- SW向紧闭褶皱（D4）,褶皱轴面多倾向NW,晚侏罗世来自古太平洋的俯冲和鄂霍茨克洋的闭合产生的NW- SE向挤压,使叠布斯格岩群片麻岩及后期糜棱岩化花岗岩再次发生枢纽NE- SW向褶皱变形。     

华北克拉通南部太古宙大陆地壳的生长和演化

太古宙约占地球已有演化历史的三分之一强,这一时期涉及到大陆地壳起源、陆壳的巨量生长和稳定以及板块构造作用的启动、建立等诸多最根本的全球性重大地质事件。太古宙岩石在华北克拉通南部的涑水、登封、太华、霍邱和五河等杂岩中广泛出露,这为解析上述重大科学问题提供难得的素材。近十年来,在华北克拉通南部古生代-中生代火山岩或早前寒武纪变沉积岩中陆续发现冥古宙-古太古代的捕获/碎屑锆石,暗示南部地块依然尚存地球形成最初期的陆壳物质。根据华北克拉通南部太古宙岩石年龄统计结果显示有2850~2700Ma和2580~2480Ma两个突出年龄区间,对应的峰值年龄分别为~2.76Ga和~2.52Ga。其中~2.76Ga的岩石主要出露于南部的鲁山、霍邱、五河和中条山地区。此外,在华北克拉通诸多地区,诸如怀安、阜平、五台、中条等地区的花岗质片麻岩和变质沉积岩中也均发现年龄为~2.76Ga的碎屑锆石或者继承锆石,暗示华北克拉通2.85~2.70Ga岩石的分布似乎比现今出露范围更为广泛。与整个华北克拉通类似,2.58~2.48Ga岩石亦在克拉通南部广泛分布,尤其是嵩箕地区的登封杂岩几乎全部是由新太古代晚期的岩石组成。~2.52Ga是华北克拉通南部,乃至整个克拉通太古宙地壳演化最突出、最重要的岩浆-构造事件,明显有别于全球其它诸多典型克拉通。已有的同位素资料研究表明华北克拉通南部,乃至整个克拉通在太古宙经历了两期明显的地壳生长事件:一期发生在2.85~2.70Ga左右,以形成于此时期的涑水杂岩中花岗质岩石和鲁山太华片麻岩系中深成侵入岩和斜长角闪岩为代表;另一期发生在2.58~2.48Ga,以登封杂岩、涑水杂岩以及小秦岭地区太华杂岩中~2.52Ga各类花岗质岩石和变基性岩为代表。华北克拉通正是经过这两期陆壳巨量生长事件之后完成初始的克拉通化。我们在登封杂岩中识别出形成于俯冲汇聚环境的TTG质片麻岩、类似于赞岐岩的变闪长岩和具有N-MORB地球化学特征的变基性火山岩,提出其构成"新太古代构造混杂岩",标志着新太古代末期具有现代体制的板块构造在华北克拉通南部已经开始启动。最近,在登封杂岩中识别出的新太古代双变质带也支持上述观点。     

云南姚安县老街子碱性杂岩体特征及稀土找矿前景

云南姚安县老街子杂岩体为一弱酸性富钾的碱性岩体,其物质组分来源于地幔,同时也混染了部分地壳组份,地质年代为34.9~31.3Ma。该杂岩体群包括浅成侵入岩类和喷出岩类两大类,前者以黑云母正长斑岩、正长斑岩为代表,后者以黑云母粗面岩为代表。杂岩体具有较高稀土元素背景值,TREE平均值为904.64μg/g,其中LREE平均值达到853.65μg/g,不同类型岩石的轻重稀土分馏程度虽然存在一定的差异,但均分馏作用明显,(La/Yb)N平均值达55.6;杂岩体具有一定分布面积的风化壳,对有找寻离子吸附型轻稀土矿床有较好的前景。     

K-Ar ages of the Brandberg and Okenyenya igneous complexes,north-western Namibia

K-Ar mineral ages from intrusive units of the Brandberg and Okenyenya igneous complexes, north-western Namibia, confirm the Early Cretaceous age of the subvolcanic centres. The two centres are contemporaneous, although the range of ages from Brandberg, 135.2 ± 1.5 to 125.4 ± 1.3 Ma, suggests a rather longer period of intrusion than is represented by the rocks of Okenyenya, 133.3 ± 1.4 to 129.2 ± 0.7 Ma. The mean K-Ar age of the Okenyenya complex is essentially equivalent to previously determined Rb-Sr ages for the Messum and Paresis complexes on the same igneous lineament, but is a little greater than that suggested recently from Rb-Sr dating of this complex (129.1–123.4Ma). K-Ar chronology for the Brandberg complex is in conflict with the order of emplacement of granite units previously inferred from field evidence. In particular, the Amis peralkaline layered intrusion yields the oldest age from the complex, 135.2 ± 1.4 Ma. The concordancy of age measurements of amphibole and biotite, having very different potassium contents, from single rock samples is compelling evidence that neither inherited radiogenic argon, nor argon loss, presents a significant problem in the dated rocks. If the K - Ar age of 135 Ma for the Amis intrusion is correct, it constrains the minimum age for the onset of Etendeka flood volcanism, associated with continental break-up, as Etendeka lavas exhibit contact metamorphism and metasomatism around the rim of the Brandberg complex.     

Contrasting sulphide contents of the Bushveld and Sudbury Igneous Complexes

The Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) contains abundant sulphides, especially near the base, and hosts one of the worlds largest nickel and copper deposits. The Bushveld Complex (BC) contains relatively little sulphide, but hosts the worlds largest platinum-group element deposits. The most recent calculations of the sulphur solubility in magmas that produced the BC are based on the sulphur solubility of mid-ocean ridge basalts that have less SiO₂ than Bushveld magmas. Such a difference may lead to an overestimation of sulphur solubility by as much as 25%. The revised sulphur solubility curve presented here for Bushveld magmas may also have relevance to the SIC in view of its siliceous nature. Sulphur solubility curves can be used to determine the proportion of sulphide expected in cumulate rocks once sulphur saturation is attained. These models are tested using observed sulphide contents in both intrusions. The observed decreasing sulphur contents (>0.3–0.05% S) from the base of the SIC upward are broadly consistent with these sulphur solubility curves, and are consistent with sulphide saturation through the entire mafic portion. In contrast, the lower half of the BC contains extremely little sulphur (generally <0.02% S), except for two thin layers, which is not consistent with sustained sulphide saturation at any level. Previous interpretations of the sulphur content of Bushveld rocks have suggested that the Lower and Critical Zones were sulphide saturated, but that they had then lost some of the sulphide due to various processes. The present sulphide content of the cumulates of the BC is so low that, if they had once been saturated, over 90% of all the sulphide must have been removed. Mass balance calculations indicate that these large amounts of displaced sulphur remain unaccounted for in such models. Instead, the observed sulphur contents are in reasonable agreement with that expected in a cumulate sequence forming from a sulphur-undersaturated magma. Whereas the Merensky Reef and Bastard pyroxenite contain minor sulphides, the compositions of the immediate hanging wall rocks indicate sulphide undersaturation. Such an abrupt return to sulphide undersaturation is not consistent with models involving sulphide formation from large volumes of magma. One possible explanation for these two observations is that intermittent sulphur degassing occurred through a fractured roof of the BC, so that the magma was never continuously sulphur-saturated with respect to an immiscible sulphide liquid.     

Signatures of rift environment in the production of garnet-amphibolites and eclogites from Tso-Morari region, Ladakh, India: A geochemical study

The geochemistry of eclogites and garnet-amphibolites from Tso-Morari region, Ladakh, India has been investigated to characterize their protoliths on the basis of immobile elements, especially trace elements including REE. The eclogites and garnet-amphibolites have coherent compositions, except for the UHP metamorphic minerals being preserved in eclogites. Compositionally, the metabasites range from ‘depleted’ to ‘enriched’, and span from within-plate basalts (WPB) to MORB fields, and match with various enriched or ‘transitional’ MORB types (e.g., on Ti–Zr–Y and Nb–Zr–Y ternary plots). Isotopically they have Sr_i ratio 0.706 which is similar to some of the Ocean Island Basalt (OIB). The rocks under study suggest that the enriched components are probably derived by melting of a mantle source with an enriched OIB-type component rather than due to the crustal contamination. We propose a rift environment for their protoliths and relate to advanced intra-continental rift situation. Furthermore, our geochemical studies envisage an initial phase of plume activity (Cambrian or earlier) resulting in basaltic magma in the eclogitic layers at sub-lithospheric levels, wherein they were subjected to crystallization under ultra-high pressure conditions. At a later stage the reactivation of faults (probably during Permo-Triassic times) acted as channels for the emplacement of the high pressure rocks in the continental crust. Subsequently, the ultra-high pressure rocks got re-equilibrated as amphibolites, with some remaining as relict eclogites, which later got exposed to the surface during various phases of the Himalayan uplift.     

Characterization of polymetamorphism in the Austroalpine basement east of the Tauern Window using garnet isopleth thermobarometry

Garnet in metapelites from the Wölz and Rappold Complexes of the Austroalpine basement east of the Tauern Window typically shows two distinct growth zones. A first garnet generation usually forms the cores of garnet porphyroblasts and is separated by a prominent microstructural and chemical discontinuity from a second garnet generation, which forms rims of variable width. Whereas the rims were formed during the Eo-Alpine metamorphic overprint, the garnet cores represent remnants of at least two pre-Eo-Alpine metamorphic events. The pressure and temperature estimates obtained from garnet isopleth thermobarometry applied to the first growth increments of the pre-Eo-Alpine garnet cores from the Wölz and Rappold Complexes cluster into two distinct domains: (i) in the Wölz Complex, incipient growth of the first-generation garnet occurred at 4 ± 0.5 kbar and 535 ± 20 °C, (ii) in the Rappold Complex, incipient growth of the oldest garnet cores took place at 5.3 ± 0.3 kbar and 525 ± 15 °C. The Eo-Alpine garnet generation started to grow at 6.5 ± 0.5 kbar and 540 ± 10 °C. According to radiometric dating, the low-pressure garnet from the Wölz complex was formed during a Permian metamorphic event. The first-generation garnet of the Rappold Complex is probably of Variscan age.     

云南永平县卓潘磷灰石型稀土矿特征及成矿条件

云南永平县卓潘稀土矿呈面状分布,赋存于喜马拉雅期过碱性杂岩体风化壳中,该区富稀土、富磷、富稀有金属元素的过碱性杂岩体,为稀土多金属矿床的形成提供了丰富的物质来源。加之温暖的古气候环境、持久的风化作用,相对较缓的地形地貌、以及岩体风化壳的完整保留等因素是稀土矿富集的重要条件。     

西藏南部聂拉木地区前寒武纪结晶基底的组成及其特征

在对肉切村岩群的岩石组合、变质特点以及区域综合对比研究基础上,根据其中锆石U-Pb法年龄值686Ma、黑云母斜长变粒岩全岩Rb-Sr法年龄值796±103Ma,认为其原岩形成于新元古代,时代属震旦纪;前人划分的震旦—寒武系肉切村群,实际上是前寒武纪变质岩地层,聂拉木地区并未出露寒武纪地层。将前寒武纪地层划分为聂拉木岩群和肉切村岩群,并将聂拉木岩群划分为友谊桥岩组、曲乡岩组、康山桥混合岩和江东岩组4个构造岩石地层单元,将肉切村岩群划分为扎西宗混合岩和塔吉岭岩组两个构造岩石地层单元。     

Paragonite–hornblende assemblages and their petrological significance: an example from the Austroalpine Schneeberg Complex, Southern Tyrol, Italy

ABSTRACT Paragonite-bearing amphibolites occur interbedded with a garbenschist-micaschist sequence in the Austroalpine Schneeberg Complex, southern Tyrol. The mineral assemblage mainly comprises paragonite + Mg-hornblende/tschermakite + quartz + plagioclase + biotite + ankerite + Ti-phase + garnet ± muscovite. Equilibrium P–T conditions for this assemblage are 550–600°C and 8–10 kbar estimated from garnet–amphibole–plagioclase–ilmenite–rutile and Si contents of phengitic muscovites. In the vicinity of amphibole, paragonite is replaced by symplectitic chlorite + plagioclase + margarite +± biotite assemblages. Muscovite in the vicinity of amphibole reacts to form plagioclase + biotite + margarite symplectites. The reaction of white mica + hornblende is the result of decompression during uplift of the Schneeberg Complex. The breakdown of paragonite + hornblende is a water-consuming reaction and therefore it is controlled by the availability of fluid on the retrogressive P–T path. Paragonite + hornblende is a high-temperature equivalent of the common blueschist-assemblage paragonite + glaucophane in Ca-bearing systems and represents restricted P–T conditions just below omphacite stability in a mafic bulk system. While paragonite + glaucophane breakdown to chlorite + albite marks the blueschist/greenschist transition, the paragonite + hornblende breakdown observed in Schneeberg Complex rocks is indicative of a transition from epidote-amphibolite facies to greenschist facies conditions at a flatter P–T gradient of the metamorphic path compared to subduction-zone environments. Ar/Ar dating of paragonite yields an age of 84.5 ± 1 Ma, corroborating an Eoalpine high-pressure metamorphic event within the Austroalpine unit west of the Tauern Window. Eclogites that occur in the Ötztal Crystalline Basement south of the Schneeberg Complex are thought to be associated with this Eoalpine metamorphic event.