华北克拉通岩石圈地幔置换作用和壳幔生长耦合的Re-Os同位素证据

测定了辽宁复县奥陶纪金伯利岩和河北汉诺坝与山东栖霞第三纪碱性玄武岩中产出的地幔包体的Re Os同位素组成。金伯利岩中地幔包体的Re贫化Os同位素模式年龄 (TRD)为 2 .5～ 2 .8Ga ,从Re Os同位素定年角度证明了华北克拉通确实存在太古宙岩石圈地幔。对汉诺坝二辉橄榄岩包体获得了 (1.9± 0 .18)Ga的Re Os同位素等时线年龄 ,表明现今保存在那里的地幔主要是古元古代时形成的。汉诺坝地区出露有大量新太古代岩石 ,表明曾存在太古宙地幔。由于缺乏太古宙年龄 ,说明由汉诺坝所代表的克拉通中部曾存在的太古宙地幔在古元古代时已被减薄 ,并被 1.9Ga的新生岩石圈地幔置换。该事件与华北克拉通中部广泛的古元古代碰撞造山过程导致的麻粒岩相变质作用的时代相同 ,说明有关的岩石圈置换作用可能主要与拆沉作用有关。栖霞地幔包体具有与现代对流地幔相同的Os同位素组成 ,且Os同位素组成与Re/Os比值没有明显相关性 ,表明年龄很新。结合其它地质地球化学证据 ,说明克拉通东部的太古宙岩石圈地幔的置换作用主要发生在中生代 ,且可能与三叠纪华北和扬子陆块的陆陆碰撞造山导致的岩石圈地幔和下地壳的拆沉作用有关。本研究表明华北克拉通岩石圈地幔置换作用在时空上的分布是十分不均一的。 2 .5～ 2 .8Ga与 1.9Ga不仅?     

捕虏体麻粒岩锆石U-Pb年龄和铪同位素:华北地块下地壳的形成与再造

利用激光剥蚀技术,在背散射研究基础上系统分析了辽宁复县基性麻粒岩、河南信阳酸性麻粒岩以及河北汉诺坝中性麻粒岩捕虏体锆石U-Pb年龄和铪同位素。结果表明,复县基性麻粒岩锆石上、下交点年龄分别记录了2620-2430 Ma的岩浆结晶和1904-1842 Ma的变质作用;1个样品有与变质作用相似的上交点年龄(1927 Ma)和605 Ma的下交点年龄(示锆石再生长)。老年龄锆石的εHf>0并有高达2.8 Ga的铪模式年龄;再生长锆石的εHf值和模式年龄分别是7.0-34.1和1.6-1.7 Ga。信阳酸性麻粒岩锆石的上、下交点年龄分别为3655-3670 Ma和1767-1981 Ma,有低的εHf值(0--41.1,平均-13)、很高的模式年龄(3.8-4.0 Ga);1个样品记录着2.5 Ga下地壳物质在2.1-1.9 Ga时的再熔融过程。汉诺坝中性麻粒岩除有2489-2447 Ma的年龄外,85％锆石的207Pb/206Pb年龄为1842±40 Ma,εHf值多近于零,个别高达+9.2-+10.2。华北南缘与北部一样,也有早太古代的下地壳。3.6 Ga以上的下地壳的初始物质来自4.0 Ga前的原始地幔。华北自早太古代初始陆核形成以来,至少经历了3.8-3.6 Ga时的再熔融过程和2.7-2.5 Ga及1.9-1.8 Ga时有大量地慢物质加入的下地壳再生长阶段。600-700 Ma间下地壳的改造过程可能与软流圈上涌的热作用有关;伴随晚中生代强烈的软流圈-岩石圈     

华北克拉通古元古代末-新元古代地质事件——来自北京西山地区寒武系和侏罗系碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学的证据

华北克拉通是否同华南克拉通一样保存有与Rodinia超大陆聚合和裂解有关的年龄记录是理解华北克拉通元古宙构造演化的重要科学问题.本文对位于华北克拉通燕辽裂陷槽的北京西山地区的寒武系和侏罗系碎屑岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,目的是通过碎屑锆石年龄揭示华北克拉通前寒武纪尤其是古元古代末-新元古代重要地质事件.定年结果显示,北京西山寒武系徐庄组的钙质细砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要集中在～1.38Ga和～1.14Ga.此外,还有～ 1.56Ga、～912Ma、～814Ma、～740Ma、～630Ma和～507Ma的年龄组.侏罗系窑坡组长石质岩屑细砂岩和粉砂质泥岩中碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要集中在～2.5Ga、1.88～1.8Ga、～1.74Ga、～1.6Ga和186Ma.此外,还有～2.77Ga、～2.0Ga、～1.2Ga、～488Ma、～256Ma和～233 Ma的年龄组.这三个岩石具有较低的成分和结构成熟度,指示较近的物源区,其碎屑物质可能大部分来自华北克拉通内部和北缘,因此其碎屑锆石的年龄组可记录华北克拉通前寒武纪重要地质事件.～2.77Ga、～2.5Ga、2.1～ 2.0Ga和1.88～1.8Ga的年龄组分别对应华北克拉通早前寒武纪发生地壳生长、克拉通化、裂谷和造山等重要地质事件;～ 1.74Ga、～ 1.6Ga、～ 1.56Ga、～1.38Ga、～912Ma和～814Ma的年龄组记录了华北克拉通最终克拉通化后开始的古元古代末-新元古代的多期裂谷事件.与1.3～ 1.0Ga、～740Ma和～630Ma的年龄组相对应的岩石在华北克拉通出现甚少,而该时期的岩浆岩和变质岩在华南克拉通广泛发育,且可能与Rodinia超大陆汇聚和裂解的不同阶段相对应.华北克拉通显生宙碎屑岩中碎屑锆石保存的古元古代末-新元古代地质事件的记录对探讨华北克拉通在元古宙的地质演化及华北克拉通与华南克拉通的关系可提供重要的依据.     

华北克拉通东南缘寒武系底部黑色碎屑岩系的物源分析及其对晚前寒武纪地质演化的约束

华北克拉通东南缘新元古代—寒武纪交替时期黑色碎屑岩系马店组(或称为凤台组)的层序划分、时代归属、物源等基础地质问题仍存在分歧,本文从元素地球化学、碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学等角度开展综合分析,为合理建立华北克拉通东南缘地层格架及中、新元古代—早古生代构造演化提供重要证据。马店组整套碎屑岩系的绝大部分元素的富集系数(EF值)基本一致;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中于2.6~1.0Ga之间,包括~2.5Ga、~2.1Ga、~1.8Ga、1.6~1.4Ga和1.3~1.0Ga等多个年龄峰。马店组整体为寒武纪第二世的被动大陆边缘连续海侵地层;沉积物来源于华北克拉通内部徐淮地区,具有碳酸盐质新元古代盖层物源和非碳酸盐质早前寒武纪变质基底物源的两端元混合作用,其中1.8Ga碎屑锆石来源于早前寒武纪变质基底,而中元古代碎屑锆石及砂砾级白云质碎屑来源于新元古代盖层,极少量新元古代碎屑锆石来源于新元古代初期基性岩墙群。华北克拉通周缘新元古界—下古生界中丰富的1.6~1.4Ga和1.3~1.0Ga碎屑锆石记录证实至少华北克拉通东缘和南缘曾有与北秦岭地区类似的中、新元古代构造带。该构造带中元古代时强烈地参与了Columbi超大陆裂解和Rodinia超大陆聚合过程,于新元古代初期为华北克拉通周缘盆地的主要物源供给区;约900 Ma可能与华北克拉通开始裂解,至早古生代马店组沉积时期其物源贡献已经完全缺失。     

秦岭洛阳—伊川—十堰—秭归地学断面大陆岩石圈的岩石学模型

根据该地学断面Ｖｐ结构模型，造山带中基性火成岩、金伯利岩和花岗岩中的深源包体资料，以及火成岩和变质岩，特别是超高压变质岩和超基性岩的分布和组成所揭示的壳幔深部组成的信息，结合与相对应的岩石实验Ｖｐ数据的对比，建立了秦岭洛阳－伊川－十堰－秭归地学断面及邻区的岩石圈组成的岩石学模型。这一岩石学模型表明，华北与扬子克拉通，南北秦岭造山带与其克拉通的过渡带岩石圈的岩石学模型各不相同。华北克拉通下地壳是以麻粒岩相中酸性片麻岩和紫苏花岗岩为主，同时含有基性麻粒岩，而扬子克拉通的下地壳是以角闪岩相－麻粒岩相酸性片麻岩和ＴＴＧ为主体，广泛存在基性火成岩层。南北秦岭造山带的中下地壳各自继承了扬子和华北克拉通的中下地壳的特点，但已被强烈改造；南北秦岭造山带上地幔组成差异性较大，北秦岭上地幔上部以榴辉岩及榴闪岩为主，而南秦岭以蛇纹石化橄榄岩为主体，各单元１００ｋｍ以下的地幔都是一样的，都是石榴石二辉橄榄岩组成。因此，秦岭造山带是一个具有近３０亿年历史的由不同大陆块体拼合组成的，不具简单的岩石圈分层结构样式。     

中生代华北南缘带状岩石圈结构特征及其大陆形成演化意义

大陆岩石圈根的形成与破坏是当前固体地球科学的重大研究课题之一.对独具时空特色的华北东部地块南缘信阳中生代火山岩中一系列包括下地壳镁铁质-长英质的麻粒岩、榴辉岩、变辉长岩、辉石岩和上地幔橄榄岩等岩石包体进行了系统的定深、定年研究, 建立了华北中生代(~160Ma) 多块体结合部位的组成和年龄呈带状结构的岩石圈几何模型, 并在此基础上分析了形成的动力学过程.在华北南缘地表出露最老~2.85Ga的岩石之下的30km处(上部下地壳), 由年龄为3.6~3.4Ga的长英质麻粒岩和辉石岩组成; 更深处30~40km位置, 则由具古元古代年龄(2.0~1.8Ga) 的镁铁质-长英质麻粒岩和变辉长岩构成, 其形成过程与华北东部地块与西部地块的碰撞有关, 记录着全球性的哥伦比亚超大陆汇聚事件.Hf同位素数据显示在这次重要事件里, 既有新生地幔物质加入, 也有古老地壳(3.8~3.0Ga) 组分的再熔融作用.在来自下地壳更深处的榴辉岩(40~45km) 和上地幔橄榄岩(> 45km), 它们的主要年龄分别是古生代(440~260Ma) 和早中生代(228~219Ma), 记录着在显生宙不同时期扬子与华北碰撞的动力学过程.      

中国最老岩石和锆石

在中国大陆的许多地区都已发现大于3.4Ga的锆石和岩石.鞍山是全球仅有几个存在≥3.8Ga岩石的地区之一.它们以不大的规模存在于白家坟、东山、深沟寺杂岩中,由糜棱岩化奥长花岗岩、条带状奥长花岗岩和变质石英闪长岩组成.近年来,在鞍山地区还发现了许多3.7～3.6Ga岩石和锆石.锆石Hf同位素组成表明鞍山地区在3.8～3.6Ga期间存在周期性的地幔添加和陆壳形成.除鞍山外,在中国许多地区的不同类型岩石中也获得了≥3.4Ga锆石,虽然它们大多数都是碎屑和残余成因.(1)华北克拉通冀东铬云母石英岩中3.85～3.55Ga碎屑锆石:(2)华北克拉通信阳中生代火山岩长英质麻粒岩中3.66Ga岩浆锆石;(3)华南克拉通宜昌地区杨子地块新元古代砂岩中3.80Ga碎屑锆石(一颗);(4)华南克拉通华夏地块新元古代一古生代变质沉积岩中3.76～3.6Ga碎屑锆石;(5)西北地区塔里木地块阿克塔什塔格地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩中3.6Ga残余锆石;(6)西秦岭奥陶纪变质火山岩中4.08Ga捕掳锆石(一颗);(7)西藏普兰地区奥陶纪石英岩中4.1Ga碎屑锆石(一颗,有3.61Ga增生边).一些古老锆石有高达4.1～4.0Ga的Hf同位素模式年龄.在中国,>3.4Ga地壳物质的比例以往被低估了,发现冥古宙和始太古代物质的可能性仍然存在,它们将对中国早期陆壳演化提供新的制约.     

怀安蔓菁沟早前寒武纪高压麻粒岩混杂岩带地质特征、岩石学和同位素年代学

华北克拉通北缘中段怀安蔓菁沟高压麻粒岩混杂岩带产在太古宙怀安杂岩南缘与花岗岩带交界处,由高压基性麻粒岩、辉长质麻粒岩、英云闪长质麻粒岩和少量夕线石榴片麻岩相间排列的席状岩层构成,岩层间被高应变带或剪切带分隔。高压基性麻粒岩是石榴辉石麻粒岩。据石榴石斑晶内包裹的早期矿物(Cpx+Q)估算的早期高压变质作用条件:T=800℃,P>1.4GPa。环绕斑晶的后成合晶反应边矿物组合(P1+Opx+Hb+Cpx)的变质条件为:T=820℃,P为0.7～0.9GPa。全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄2.65Ga,矿物Sm-Nd等时线年龄1.82Ga,锆石U-Pb一致线年龄1.83Ga。高压基性麻粒岩的原岩代表晚太古代陆壳的最下部,大约在2.7Ga从上地幔分异出来,可能经壳下垫托作用加在早期陆壳底部,随后经历高压变质作用。早元古代晚期,由于地壳规模的大型逆冲作用,使其上升,并经受褶皱形变、剪切推覆和退变质等作用的改造,形成高压麻粒岩混杂岩带。     

华北东部大陆地幔橄榄岩组成、年龄与岩石圈减薄

对比分析了华北东部地块陆下岩石圈地幔橄榄石Mg#值和单斜辉石的REE配分形式。报道了汉诺坝和鹤壁橄榄岩中不同产状硫化物的激光MC-ICPMS原位Re-Os年龄和信阳橄榄岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄和信阳橄榄岩锆石的U-Pb年龄。在这些资料基础上,进一步讨论了华北东部岩石圈中、新生代时的减薄机制。原位分析在揭示岩石圈深部过程的细节上,有比全岩分析更大的优越性,并揭示出了在华北深部有中元古代(14亿年)和新元古代(7～8亿年)热活动的记录。岩石圈拆沉作用不能很好地解释古老难熔地幔、过渡型地幔和新生饱满地幔并存的事实;同时,单纯的熔体-橄榄岩相互作用也难以解释中、新生代岩石圈的减薄过程和新生地幔单斜辉石中出现强烈LREE亏损现象,即历史复杂的克拉通岩石圈向历史明显简单的“大洋型”地幔的转换。因此,华北东部岩石圈减薄包括地幔伸展、熔-岩作用、侵蚀置换等复杂过程。这些过程可能包括:(1)早中生代时,扬子地块向北俯冲碰撞所引起华北岩石圈的熔/流体交代富集作用、地幔伸展和受扰动软流圈物质上涌并侵蚀被改造了的岩石圈;(2)晚中生代—古近纪,因太平洋俯冲的热扰动致使软流圈物质进一步的强烈侵蚀作用引起岩石圈的巨大减薄;(3)晚第三纪以来的软流圈热沉降作用所带来的小幅度岩石圈增厚过程。岩石圈先大幅减薄、后小幅增厚实现了最终的地幔置换和岩石圈整体的减薄过程。喷发时代为100Ma的阜新玄武岩所捕获的橄榄岩主体是饱满的,说明华北东部部分地区在此之前曾有过地幔置换作用。     

扬子西缘新元古代中期裂谷作用:来自年代学与沉积学的新证据

华南新元古代沉积盆地演化与Rodinia超大陆裂解存在紧密联系，但仍缺乏精细刻画.对扬子西缘澄江组开展了系统的碎屑锆石年代学和沉积学研究.澄江组砂岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要为新元古代（870~780 Ma），少数为前新元古代（2 850~1 010 Ma），最显著的峰值为820 Ma，最年轻一组碎屑锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为804.5±5.4 Ma.结合已发表年龄数据，将澄江组沉积时限进一步限定为800~720 Ma.物源分析揭示澄江组的新元古代碎屑锆石剥蚀自邻近的新元古代岩浆岩，而前新元古代锆石可能来自于邻近新元古代岩体的剥蚀或地层的沉积再循环.扬子西缘新元古代中期沉积盆地具有由冲积扇相逐渐过渡为前扇三角洲相的沉积演化序列，最终形成了具有裂谷充填特征的“楔状地层”.这种沉积超覆演化过程在整个华南新元古代裂谷系普遍存在，指示在800 Ma左右华南全面进入裂谷盆地成熟阶段.      

华北陆块对Rodinia超大陆的响应及其特征

研究揭示华北陆块1300-1000Ma和800-650Ma都存在比较弱的岩浆-变质事件，它们可能对应于华南陆块的碰撞（四堡运动）和裂解事件。华北陆块的四堡期蛇绿混杂岩可能只见于新元古代秦岭造山带中。秦岭造山带北缘识别出了一些花岗质分清入体，它们具有碰撞或碰撞后花岗岩的特征。华北陆块北缘的火山沉积岩生活费不具有离散边界杂岩的特征，它们可能揭示了大陆边缘或者大陆伸展过程。华北陆块与800-650Ma事件相关的岩石主要为来自富集地幔的基性岩墙和来自陆内裂谷的沉积岩，它们很可能与Rodinia裂解有关。沉积学和古生物学特征表明元古宙华北陆块不同华南陆块，而与西伯利亚陆块相似。据此可以认为华北陆块是Rodinia超大陆的一部分，它位于超大陆的边缘，可以不与华南陆块紧邻，而与西伯利亚陆地较近。     

Thermal and petrological structure of the lithosphere beneath Hannuoba, Sino-Korean Craton, China: evidence from xenoliths

Deep-seated xenoliths entrained in the Hannuoba basalts of the northern Sino-Korean Craton include mafic and felsic granulites, mantle wall-rock from spinel– and garnet–spinel peridotite facies, and basaltic crystallisation products from the spinel-pyroxenite and garnet-pyroxenite stability fields. The mineral compositions of the xenoliths have been used to estimate temperatures and, where possible, pressures of equilibration, and to construct a geothermal framework to interpret the upper mantle and lower crustal rock-type sequences for the region. The xenolith-derived paleogeotherm is constrained in the depth interval of 45–65 km and like others from areas of young basalt magmatism, is elevated and strongly convex toward the temperature axis. Two-pyroxene granulites give the lowest temperatures and garnet pyroxenites the highest, while the spinel lherzolites fall between these two groups. The present-day Moho beneath the Hannuoba area is defined at 42 km by seismic data, and coincides with the deepest occurrence of granulite. Above this boundary, there is a lower crust–upper mantle transition zone about 10-km thick, in which spinel lherzolites and mafic granulites (with variable plagioclase contents) are intermixed. It is inferred that this underplating has resulted in a lowering of the original pre-Cenozoic Moho (then coinciding with the crust–mantle boundary, CMB) from about 30 km to its present-day position and was due to intrusions of basaltic magmas that displaced peridotite mantle wall-rock and equilibrated to mafic granulites. Trace element patterns of the diopsides (analysed by laser ablation-ICPMS) from the Cr-diopside series spinel lherzolites and associated layered xenoliths (spinel lherzolites and pyroxenites) indicate a fertile uppermost mantle with moderate depletion by low degrees of partial melting and little evidence of metasomatic activity. The similarity in major and trace element compositions of the minerals in both rock types suggests that the layered ultramafic xenoliths formed by mantle deformation processes (metamorphic segregation), rather than by melt veining or metasomatism.     

Evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath eastern China: Re–Os isotopic evidence from mantle xenoliths in Paleozoic kimberlites and Mesozoic basalts

The ages of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China and South China cratons are less well-constrained than the overlying crust. We report Re–Os isotope systematics of mantle xenoliths entrained in Paleozoic kimberlites and Mesozoic basalts from eastern China. Peridotite xenoliths from the Fuxian and Mengyin Paleozoic diamondiferous kimberlites in the North China Craton give Archean Re depletion ages of 2.6–3.2 Ga and melt depletion ages of 2.9–3.4 Ga. No obvious differences in Re and Os abundances, Os isotopic ratios and model ages are observed between spinel-facies and garnet-facies peridotites from both kimberlite localities. The Re–Os isotopic data, together with the PGE concentrations, demonstrate that beneath the Archean continental crust of the eastern North China Craton, Archean lithospheric mantle of spinel- to diamond-facies existed without apparent compositional stratification during the Paleozoic. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalt-borne peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths, on the other hand, show geochemical features indicating metasomatic enrichment, along with a large range of the Re–Os isotopic model ages from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic. These features indicate that lithospheric transformation or refertilization through melt-peridotite interaction could be the primary mechanism for compositional changes during the Phanerozoic, rather than delamination or thermal-mechanical erosion, despite the potential of these latter processes to play an important role for the loss of garnet-facies mantle. A fresh garnet lherzolite xenolith from the Yangtze Block has a Re depletion age of ∼1.04 Ga, much younger than overlying Archean crustal rocks but the same Re depletion ages as spinel lherzolite xenoliths from adjacent Mesozoic basalts, indicating Neoproterozoic resetting of the Re–Os system in the South China Craton.     

华夏地块新元古代沉积记录与超大陆重建

新元古代-早古生代,Rodinia超大陆裂解至Gondwana大陆聚合的过程对华南构造格局与古地理演化具有重要的制约作用,然而在这过程中华夏地块的位置、华夏与扬子之间的关系等问题仍存在争议。本文通过同位素地层年代学、新元古代冰期事件及成矿事件对比了华夏地块武夷南部-南岭地区及华夏西缘新元古代中-晚期地层。在此基础上,对新元古代沉积物进行碎屑锆石物源分析,发现华夏西缘拉伸纪晚期-埃迪卡拉纪曾出现多次物源方向的转换,并在成冰纪晚期同时出现来自华南内部和外部的双向物源。结合浅海陆棚的沉积环境,表明此时扬子与华夏之间并没有宽阔的大洋相隔。华夏地块拉伸纪晚期-埃迪卡拉纪碎屑岩中包含了大量中元古代至新元古代早期的碎屑锆石,与东冈瓦纳北部印度、东南极等地区的沉积记录吻合,指示华夏地块至少自750 Ma时期就接收到来自印度北缘的碎屑物质。在Rodinia超大陆裂解至Gondwana大陆聚合期间,华南一直保持在超大陆边缘的古地理位置,与印度北缘相连。     

Granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Deccan Trap: insight into the nature and composition of the lower lithosphere beneath cratonic India

Granulite and pyroxenite xenoliths in lamprophyre dykes intruded during the waning stage of Deccan Trap volcanism are derived from the lower crust beneath the Dharwar craton of Western India. The xenolith suite consists of plagioclase-poor mafic granulites (55% of the total volume of xenoliths), plagioclase-rich felsic granulites (25%), and ultramafic pyroxenites and websterites (20%) with subordinate wehrlites. Rare spinel peridotite xenoliths are also present, representing mantle lithosphere. The high Mg #, low SiO₂/Al₂O₃ and low Nb/La (<1) ratios suggest that the protoliths of the mafic granulites broadly represent cumulates of sub-alkaline magmas. All of the granulites are peraluminous and light rare-earth element-enriched. The felsic granulites may have resulted from anatexis of the mafic lower crustal rocks; thus, the mafic granulites are enriched in Sr whereas the felsic ones are depleted. Composite xenoliths consisting of mafic granulites traversed by veins of pyroxenite indicate intrusion of the granulitic lower crust by younger pyroxenites. Petrography and geochemistry of the latter (e.g. presence of phlogopite) indicate the metasomatised nature of the deep crust in this region.Thermobarometric estimates from phase equilibria indicate equilibration conditions between 650 and 1200 °C, 0.7-1.2 GPa suggestive of lower crustal environments. These estimates provide a spatial context for the sampled lithologies thereby placing constraints on the interpretation of geophysical data. Integration of xenolith-derived P-T results with Deep Seismic Soundings (DSS) data suggests that the pyroxenites and websterites are transitional between the lower crust and the upper mantle. A three-layer model for the crust in western India, derived from the xenoliths, is consistent with DSS data. The mafic nature of this hybrid lower crust contrasts with the felsic lower crustal composition of the south Indian granulite terrain.     

Provenance of latest Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic (meta)-sedimentary rocks and implications for paleographic reconstruction of the Yili Block

The Yili Block is one of the major Precambrian microcontinents of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic data of the Meso-Neoproterozoic (meta)-sedimentary units within the Yili Block constrain the tectonic affinity and early history of the block. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages, in combination with related magmatic age data, indicate that the Tekesi and Kusitai groups were deposited during the latest Mesoproterozoic-earliest Neoproterozoic (1040–960 Ma) and early Neoproterozoic (<926 Ma), respectively. Zircons from the Kusitai Group yield major age groups at 941–910 Ma and 1887–1122 Ma, whereas the Tekesi Group have a dominant age group at ca. 2.0–1.1 Ga with age peaks at ca. 1.9 Ga, 1.8 Ga, 1.75–1.70 Ga, 1.58 Ga, 1.5 Ga, 1.47–1.43 Ga and 1.27–1.20 Ga. A minor age peak of ca. 2.5 Ga is also recognized in the middle part of the Tekesi Group. Early Neoproterozoic detrital zircons with relatively uniform ε_Hf(t) values (+0.7 to +3.2) were mainly derived from contemporaneous magmatic rocks in the Yili Block. The Central Tianshan Block provides a likely source for detritus with ages of ca. 1.7–1.4 and 2.5 Ga. The predominant late Paleoproterozoic to latest Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons with positive ε_Hf(t) values (+0.5 to +12.0) in the Yili Block were probably derived primarily from regions exhumed during collisional assembly of Rodinia. These populations are consistent with those from the late Mesoproterozoic-early Neoproterozoic (meta)-sedimentary successions in the Central Tianshan, Kokchetav-North Tianshan and Erementau-Niyaz blocks, and Southeast Siberia and northeastern Laurentia cratons. The Yili Block, together with the Precambrian microcontinents in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, was likely located at the margin of Rodinia supercontinent, between the southeast Siberia and northeast Laurentia during the early Neoproterozoic.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘南曹德组与庄河沟组碎屑锆石年代学及其地质意义

运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学方法,分析探讨了鄂尔多斯盆地南缘南曹德组和庄河沟组的沉积时代、物源特征及其所处的华北(鄂尔多斯地块)与北秦岭地体之间的构造演化关系。结果表明:两件砂岩样品的碎屑锆石年龄谱基本一致,测年数据集中分布在820~995 Ma(n=13)、1041~1203 Ma(n=23)、1223~1451 Ma(n=36)、1458~1650 Ma(n=24)、1659~1935 Ma(n=39)、2017~2445 Ma(n=7)6个区间,对应的峰值年龄分别接近832Ma、1120 Ma、1330 Ma、1590 Ma、1856 Ma和2090 Ma。这与邻区经典的震旦系正目观组和罗圈组具有相似的碎屑锆石年龄谱特征,年轻主峰年龄832Ma,包含有4个820~834Ma的年轻单颗粒锆石年龄,显著有别于以往认为与之可比的研究区近邻剖面锆石U-Pb高频主峰年龄主要集中在454Ma的奥陶系平凉组,由此认为南曹德组和庄河沟组应属于新元古代晚期832Ma之后或震旦纪的沉积岩石单元。锆石U-Pb年龄谱的区域对比进一步揭示,南曹德组和庄河沟组的滨浅海沉积碎屑物源明显具有来自华北(鄂尔多斯)陆块与北秦岭(杂岩)地体的双向混合物源特征,表明华北陆块与北秦岭地体至少在832Ma之前的格林威尔晚期已经碰撞拼合为一体,随后在新元古代晚期拼合大陆边缘接受了大致与Rodinia超大陆裂解事件相当的陆缘海相碎屑岩沉积。     

Nd isotopic stratigraphy of Paleoproterozoic to late Paleozoic sedimentary strata of the southwestern Yangtze Block and implications for its tectonic evolution

ABSTRACT

A systematic Sm-Nd isotopic study is reported for Paleoproterozoic to Late Paleozoic strata from the Dongchuan area in the southwestern Yangtze Block. The results, combined with the available detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope data, constrain the provenances of these sedimentary rocks and further identify three important tectono-magmatic activities. Most of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic samples (Dongchuan Group) display a wide T_DM2 range of 1.92–2.52 Ga with corresponding ε_Nd(t) values of +4.0 to ?3.5, suggesting Paleoproterozoic-dominated provenances mixed with mantle-derived materials. This corresponds to the ~1.7–1.5 Ga mafic magmatic activities commonly occurred in the southwestern Yangtze Block, which are related to the early breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. The obvious vale of T_DM2 and apex of ε_Nd(t) occurred in the Neoproterozoic strata (~0.8 Ga) of the southwestern margin over the whole Yangtze Block. This is consistent with the widely recognized mantle-derived magmatism around the Yangtze Block related to the breakup of Rodinia. However, the decreases in Nd model ages are different among various regions, indicating that the Neoproterozoic mantle inputs are more profound in the southwestern and central Yangtze Block than the southeastern Yangtze and the Jiangnan orogenic belt. The late Ediacaran to early Cambrian strata from the southwestern Yangtze exhibit a decrease in T_DM2 (from 2.00 to 1.67 Ga) and increase in ε_Nd(t) (from ?9.0 to ?5.2). This is in accordance with the coeval juvenile crustal materials discovered in the northwestern Yangtze, which were probably derived from the assembly of the Gondwana continent. Thus, a Gondwanan affinity is suggested for the southwestern Yangtze Block. Overall, the Nd isotopic studies of the Paleoproterozoic to Late Paleozoic sedimentary strata from the southwestern Yangtze Block identified three major episodes of magmatic activities, late Paleoproterozoic (~1.7 Ga), Neoproterozoic (~0.8 Ga) and late Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian (~0.55 Ga) in the context of Columbia, Rodinia and the subsequent Gondwana supercontinents.     

The ~1.4 Ga A-type granitoids in the “Chottanagpur crustal block” (India), and its relocation from Columbia to Rodinia?

In paleogeographic reconstructions of the Columbia and Rodinia Supercontinents, the position of the Greater India landmass is ambiguous. This, coupled with a limited understanding of the tectonic evolution of the mobile belts along which the mosaic of crustal domains in India accreted, impedes precise correlation among the dispersed crustal fragments in supercontinent reconstructions. Using structural, metamorphic phase equilibria, chronological and geochemical investigations, this study aims to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex (CGC) as a distinct crustal block at the eastern end of the Greater Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt (GIPFOB) along which the North India Block (NIB) and the South India Block (SIB) accreted. The study focuses on two issues, e.g. dating the Early Neoproterozoic (0.92 Ga) accretion of the CGC with the NIB contemporaneous with the assembly of Rodinia, and documenting the widespread (>24,000 km²) plutonism of 1.5–1.4 Ga weakly peraluminous, calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic and ferroan A-type granitoids (± garnet) devoid of mafic microgrannular enclaves and coeval mafic emplacements in the crustal block. These dominantly within-plate granitoids arguably formed by asthenospheric upwelling induced partial melting of garnet-bearing anatectic quartzofeldspathic gneisses that dominate the Early Mesoproterozoic basement of the block. The major and trace element chemistry of the granitoids is similar to the 1.35–1.45 Ga A-type granitoids in Laurentia/Amazonia emplaced contemporaneous with the 1.5–1.3 Ga breakup of the Columbia Supercontinent.This study suggests the Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex occured as a fragmented crustal block following the breakup of the Columbia Supercontinent; the crustal block was subsequently integrated within India during the Early Neoproterozoic oblique accretion between the NIB and SIB contemporaneous with the Rodinia Supercontinent assembly.