蛭石的性能与利用

(一) 性能蛭石又名水云母,是由金云母或黑云母交代作用、水化作用或水热变质等作用的结果所形成的一种变质云母。化学成分属于复杂多变的镁铝或铁的含水硅酸盐矿物。蛭石的分子式为:(Mg、Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+))_3[(SiAl)_4O_(10)](OH)_2·4H_2O。蛭石成     

新疆且干布拉克超大型蛭石矿床的成因与成矿模式

新疆尉犁县且干布拉克超基性杂岩体位于塔里木北缘隆起带库鲁克塔格前寒武纪地块中西段,兴地塔格断裂带附近。该蛭石矿床是继南非Palabora、美国Libby和俄罗斯Kovdorsk蛭石矿之后的第4个超大型蛭石矿床。根据野外地质观察和室内薄片鉴定结果,结合该区已有的岩石地球化学和矿床学资料,并通过与国外同类型矿床进行详细对比,从含矿杂岩体的岩石组合、矿体发育特征和矿物共生组合等不同层面探讨了该杂岩体的演化过程和矿床成因,并建立了相关成岩成矿模型。结果表明,且干布拉克杂岩体是裂谷背景下,富集岩石圈地幔低程度部分熔融岩浆经岩浆分异和不混熔作用并以橄榄岩-黑云母透辉岩-碳酸岩等岩相依次侵入的产物,蛭石矿床中的金云母是岩浆晚期高温富碱质热液交代超基性岩的产物,云母类矿物在剥蚀到近地表后,在大气降水作用下发生表生风化最终形成蛭石矿床。矿床的形成过程复杂,经历了从地幔交代、超大陆裂解、岩浆分异、热液蚀变到表生风化作用等五大地质过程。这一模式的建立将为进一步寻找和深入研究该类矿床提供理论依据和实践指导。     

龙山金锑矿床几个成矿问题初探

探讨了矿液成分、运移方向、成矿阶段和温度、金的来源。江口组地层含金6.5ppb,在变质过程中(Fe~(3+)→Fe~(2+),Au~0→Au~(1+)或Au~(3+))活化转移到变质水中,下渗聚集;被隐伏花岗岩体加热,与含金岩浆热液混合;构造作用使其上升并交代破碎带和围岩;绿泥石变为绢云母,Fe~(2+)氧化成Fe~(3+),Au~(1+)或Au~(3+)还原成自然金,沉淀成矿。     

内蒙古东部火山岩中云母特征及其形成条件

玄武岩中云母为金云母,其余皆为金云母到镁黑云母之间的一种特别富Mg的黑云母。在这些黑云母中MgO、TiO_2、Fe_2O_3含量明显偏高,而Al_2O_3和FeO较低。穆斯堡尔谱研究说明这些黑云母的Fe~(2+)四极分裂值比一般黑云母的小(Fe~(2+)Mz为2.35)。黑云母结晶时氧逸度较高,并保存了母岩浆SiO_2高和Al_2O_3低的特点,喷出时受到高温氧化作用的影响。     

金红石中铁的存在形式的研究

本文对我国不同地区和不同成因类型矿床及人工合成的金红石的20个样品进行了矿物学研究。结果表明,大多数金红石样品中都含有钛铁矿的嵌晶,金红石和嵌晶钛铁矿晶粒中多含有含钛赤铁矿(Titano-hematite)的出溶相。金红石晶粒中的含钛赤铁矿于600℃消失;而钛铁矿中的含钛赤铁矿于800℃消失,且整个晶粉转变成亚铁假板钛矿(Ferro-pseudobrookite)。总结出金红石中铁的三种存在形式:类质同象置换钛的Fe~(3+)、固溶体出溶相含钛赤钛铁矿中的Fe~(3+)及钛铁矿中所含的Fe~(2+)。     

金云母-蛭石间层矿物的酸浸取物与酸蚀机理研究

对采自新疆尉犁蛭石矿的金云母蛭石间层矿物样品进行了酸处理实验研究。在样品化学成分和XRD分析的基础上,研究了样品酸处理后酸浸取物的化学组成、含量及结构变化特征;分析讨论了金云母蛭石间层矿物在酸处理过程中不同阳离子浸出率的变化规律和酸蚀机理。结果表明,层间可交换性阳离子的氧化物CaO和Na2O的酸浸取率最高,层间不可交换性阳离子的氧化物K2O次之,八面体中阳离子的氧化物MgO、Fe2O3和Al2O3具有较高的酸浸取率,而四面体阳离子的氧化物Si O2的酸浸取率最低;金云母蛭石间层矿物中蛭石晶层含量高的样品酸浸取率高,金云母蛭石间层矿物的耐酸蚀性能不如金云母。     

大陆岩石圈地幔交代作用的产物——且干布拉克蛭石矿床

且干布拉克杂岩体位于库鲁克塔格地块的西南缘,是构造运移到陆壳中的大陆岩石圈地幔顶部的岩块。在862±12Ma期间,该岩体在地幔内经历了复杂的交代作用首先是透辉石交代蛇纹岩;然后是金云母交代蛇纹岩和透辉岩,这些金云母经近地表地质作用后形成了我国规模最大的蛭石矿床;最后是含金云母的碳酸岩岩脉贯入并交代先期形成的各种岩石。研究证明,交代剂应当是碳酸质的碱性硅酸盐熔体或流体,并分异成共轭的两部分这些交代剂普遍具有Ta、Nb、Ti、Zr和Hf的贫化;而且,Nd、Sr、Pb、O、C、H同位素组成普遍具EMⅠ、EMⅡ地幔端元和地壳岩石的特征。由此而证明交代剂主要源自于消减板块中的深海沉积物和在海沟中裹挟的陆源浊积岩。     

金云母—蛭石间层矿物分晶层晶体化学式的计算及意义

金云母－蛭石间层矿物由金云母晶层与蛭石晶层交叠排列而成，采用一般计算方法得出的晶体化学式不能充分揭示结构中金云母晶层与蛭石晶层各自的晶体化学特征。本文以化学成分分析与阳离子容量为基础，假定可交换性阳离子均为蛭石晶层层间阳离子，非交换性阳离子为金云母晶层层间阳离子，金云母晶层与蛭石晶层具有相同的八面体层等，计算出了结构中两种晶层的分晶层晶体化学式，确定了结构中两种晶层的比例和蛭石晶层的电荷数。并在此基础上讨论了新疆尉犁蛭石矿金云母－蛭石间层矿物的晶体化学特征。结果表明该方法设计合理，符合晶体化学原理，所计算的数据可靠。利用该方法计算出的两种晶层的比例为金云母－蛭石1：1规则间层矿物的确定提供了必要的依据。也为其它类似间层矿物的研究提供了一种计算分晶层晶体化学式的可行方法。     

河北灵寿蛭石晶体化学特征与层间水化行为

河北灵寿蛭石是矿物学意义上的蛭石,其晶体化学特征对蛭石的开发应用具有重要的意义。本文利用X射线衍射(XRD)、化学分析(XRF)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热分析(TG-DTG)等技术对提纯后的河北灵寿蛭石矿物的成分和晶体结构等矿物学特征进行了研究。在此基础上,通过控制不同相对湿度条件,考察了晶体化学特性对蛭石层间水化行为的影响。结果表明,河北灵寿蛭石属于矿物学意义上的三八面体蛭石,层间水化阳离子为Ca~(2+),平均层电荷数为0.61 eq/O_(10)(OH)_2 (半晶胞)。晶层之间电荷分布不均匀,表现为部分层间域中含有一定量的K~+。该蛭石具弱膨胀性,其d_(002)随环境湿度不同而变化。     

尉犁蛭石矿床的地质特征及成因探讨

新疆尉犁蛭石矿是个大型矿床,含矿岩体为晚元古代超基性杂岩,长4Km,宽200—600m,具分带性,外带为透辉岩,内带为金云母岩和碳酸岩.蛭石矿主要分布在岩体内带.近地表10m品位极富.矿石质量以膨胀Ⅰ级品为主,膨胀10—21倍,最大31.9倍;下部品位贫,膨胀性差,金云母为岩浆晚期结晶而成.蛭石由金云母风化而来.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of     

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY

正20140582 Fang Xisheng(Key Lab.of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology,First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China);Shi Xuefa Mineralogy of Surface Sediment in the Eastern Area off the Ryukyu Islands and Its Geological Significance(Marine Geology Quaternary Geology,ISSN0256-1492,CN37     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141810 Bian Yumei(Geological Environmental Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110032,China);Zhang Jing Zoning Haicheng,Liaoning Province,by GeoHazard Risk and Geo-Hazard Assessment(Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,ISSN1006-4362,CN51-1467/P,24(3),2013,p.5-9,2 illus.,tables,refs.)