溧水盆地晚中生代基性火山岩成因与深部动力学过程探讨

下扬子地区溧水盆地晚中生代龙王山组基性火山岩属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,具有低MgO(3.16%～4.97%)和相容元素含量(如Cr11～34μg/g、Ni 9～27 μg/g),强烈富集大离子亲石元素(Ba/Nb=94～144)、轻稀土元素(La/Nb=3.7～4.6)和亏损Nb-Ta,稍高的Sr同位素组成[(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705 73～0.706 17]和具弱负εNd(t)值(-3.0～-1.9).龙王山组基性火山岩的元素-同位素地球化学特征反映其来源于富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素的岩石圈地幔;它们在Sr-Nd同位素组成上与大别-苏鲁造山带同时代的基性火成岩具有明显的差别,暗示其熔融源区不大可能受到俯冲陆壳的改造富集作用,更可能是早期具高Rb/Sr、低Sm/Nd和亏损高场强元素的流体/熔体交代作用的结果,总体上具有俯冲大洋板片交代作用的特征.在岩浆熔融深部动力学方面,晚中生代高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩浆的起源主要归结于深部岩石圈地幔的热扰动作用和岩石圈伸展-减薄作用,在时空上匹配于同时代郯庐断裂带的巨大走滑活动.     

滁州火山岩地球化学及其对郯庐断裂带内岩石圈减薄的指示

位于郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段上的滁州早白垩世火山岩,属于准铝质、硅过饱和岩石,为一套中酸性的高钾钙碱性系列火山岩,部分样品（129~125Ma）具有类似于埃达克岩的地球化学特征。该套火山岩富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素及高场强元素,并具有类似于EMⅠ型的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。地球化学特征显示该火山岩的岩浆源区属于华北克拉通,早期火山岩（约132Ma）是富集地幔来源岩浆和古老的华北下地壳源区混合的结果;中期和晚期火山岩（129~117Ma）是幔源底侵组分和古老的华北下地壳来源岩浆不同比例混合的产物。由早到晚,滁州火山岩中古老壳源物质比例逐渐增加,源区逐渐变浅,指示软流圈顶面不断抬升、岩石圈内等温面逐渐升高的过程。研究表明,热异常背景下强烈的壳-幔相互作用是该处断裂带内岩浆形成的主要方式,其具体过程是在岩石圈底部持续减薄、软流圈上涌背景下,幔源岩浆底侵而诱发了古老下地壳的部分熔融,从而形成了壳-幔过渡带内混源的岩浆。郯庐断裂带内较浅的岩浆源区、较高的源区熔融程度、强烈而持久的伸展及岩浆活动、强烈的壳-幔相互作用以及现今较薄的岩石圈厚度,都指示郯庐断裂带是华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄中的强减薄带,在华北克拉通破坏中起着重要的作用。     

庐枞早白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征及其源区意义

从中生代到新生代,华北东部岩石圈地幔发生了减薄以及地球化学性质置换, 而扬子地块东部中生代岩石圈地幔也表现出类似的过程,对中生代火山岩的地球化学研究有助于了解这一变化过程以及发生置换时的时空关系。庐枞火山岩出露于扬子地块东部,为一套包括粗玄岩–玄武粗安岩–粗面岩的富碱橄榄安粗岩系。研究了双庙组基性火山岩,这些岩石富集Rb,K,Sr,Th和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素。(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7060~0.7063,εNd(t )=-3.9~-6.2,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.788~18.125,(207Pb/204Pb)i= 15.511~15.546,(208Pb/204Pb)i =37.735~38.184。在喷出地表过程中,火山岩没有受到明显的地壳物质混染,因此元素和同位素组成反映了地幔源区的地球化学特征。 其地幔源区具有同位素富集特征,表明火山岩源区曾受到地壳物质的影响,是富集地幔部分熔融的产物,并经历明显的结晶分异作用。庐枞火山岩的岩浆成分和源区特征反映该地区在晚中生代岩石圈地幔的伸展和软流圈地幔上涌的演化过程。     

北淮阳古碑花岗闪长岩侵位时代及地球化学特征：对大别山中生代构造体制转换的启示

SHRIMP 锆石 U-Ph 定年表明大别山北淮阳带古碑花岗闪长岩形成于125±3Ma,而不是以前所认为的属晚侏罗世岩体。古碑花岗闪长岩的 SiO_2为61%～63%,K_2O 为3%～3.7t%,Al_2O_3>15%,Mg~#[100×Mg~(2 )/(Mg~(2 ) Fe~T)]为45～49,具有准铝质(A/CNK=0.84～0.88)和高钾钙碱性特征。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Sr 500×10~(-6)～650×10~(-6),Ba 1640×10~(-6)～2053×10~(-6))和轻稀土元素[(La/Yb)_N 比值为13～20],亏损高场强元素(Nh、Ta、Ti),具有富集且均一的锶和钕同位素组成[(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.709240～0.709315,ε_(Nd)(t)=-17.96～-18.05]。这些地球化学特征及同位素组成与早白垩世毛坦厂组幔源火山岩及镁铁-超镁铁侵入岩很相似,表明古碑花岗闪长岩起源于富集地幔的部分熔融。该岩体的侵位可能代表了大别山强烈伸展活动的开始。大别山地区晚中生代的岩浆活动可能是古太平洋板块俯冲引起的中国东部早白垩世岩浆活动的一部分,而与三叠纪造山旋回无关。     

江绍断裂带晚中生代镁铁质火山岩成因及其深部过程意义

本文对沿江绍断裂带的江山和浦江两地区中生代镁铁质火山岩进行了Ar-Ar年代学、岩石学和元素-同位素地球化学研究。Ar-Ar年代学结果显示,江山玄武岩的形成年龄约为99Ma,为晚白垩世喷发产物;浦江玄武岩和玄武质安山岩的喷发时间为111～112Ma,属于早白垩世。两区中生代镁铁质火山岩都为中钾钙碱性系列,根据其地球化学指标可划分为三组:第1组为江山OIB型玄武岩,在微量元素组成上无Nb-Ta亏损和Pb负异常,高ε_(Nd)(t)和低(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值,总体上显示出类似洋岛玄武岩的元素-同位素组成特征;第2组为高钛磷玄武岩,Nb-Ta弱负异常和明显Pb正异常,中等ε_(Nd)(t)和(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值;第3组为低钛磷玄武岩,强烈Nb-Ta负异常和中等Pb正异常,低ε_(Nd)(t)(-6.0～-3.7)和高(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i为特征。三组镁铁质火山岩相互之间缺乏分异演化关系,也不是同一母岩浆经历地壳混染作用的结果。对比三组镁铁质火山岩的La/Nb、Ba/Nb、Zr/Ba比值和Sr-Nd同位素模拟结果,我们认为江绍断裂带晚中生代玄武岩为软流圈-岩石圈相互作用的产物,从早期(111～112Ma)到晚期(99Ma)镁铁质岩浆地幔源区软流圈组分的比例越来越多而岩石圈成份逐渐减少的趋势。考虑到该区晚中生代的盆岭构造格局与邻区郴州-临武断裂带同时期镁铁质岩浆的产出特点,华南地区在早白垩世晚期到晚白垩世期间发生了强烈的岩石圈伸展-减薄作用。     

郯庐断裂山东段(胶东)中生代中酸性火山岩的锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

对胶东青山群中酸性火山岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究。结果表明,3个粗面岩-粗面英安岩和1个流纹岩的年龄分别为119.4±0.9 Ma、118.2±1.0 Ma、120.2±0.9 Ma和120.0±0.8 Ma,都形成于早白垩世120~118 Ma之间。研究表明郯庐断裂带山东段及其两侧中生代青山群火山岩的年龄与苏皖段断裂带内火山岩的年龄相似,明显小于苏皖段断裂带附近火山岩盆地的火山岩年龄。其结果表明在中国东部岩石圈减薄的大背景下,受郯庐断裂控制的岩浆喷发事件持续的时间可能更长。胶东青山群中酸性火山岩表现出富钾、富碱、贫镁、贫钛和低Ni、Cr的地球化学特征,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损。按地球化学组成可进一步分为粗面岩-粗面英安岩和流纹岩两类,前者富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P;而后者则强烈亏损Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和Ti、P等高场强元素。粗面岩-粗面英安岩相对流纹岩具有高的Sr和Ba含量以及La/Nb、Ba/Nb比值,而具有低的Rb/Ba比值和Eu负异常,说明它们来源于不同的岩浆源区。推测粗面岩-粗面英安岩可能是下地壳(俯冲扬子下地壳或者古老华北下地壳)部分熔融和富集地幔部分熔融混合的产物;流纹岩是由于区域拉张环境和高热异常背景下,下地壳发生深熔产生的岩浆喷出地表形成的,岩浆在上升过程中发生有分离结晶(大量斜长石的分离结晶)过程。     

安徽庐枞火山岩盆地橄榄玄粗岩系的地球化学特征及其对下扬子地区晚中生代岩石圈减薄机制的约束

庐枞盆地内的中生代火山-潜火山岩具高钾和相对富碱为特性,属典型的橄榄玄粗岩系列。它们在地球化学上表现出明显富集Rb、Th、U、K等强不相容元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb和Ta的特征。Nd、Sr同位素组成总体位于富集型的扬子克拉通岩石圈地幔的范围内或其附近,显示其母岩浆主要是由富集型地幔部分熔融形成的。火山-潜火山岩的成分变异趋势显示橄榄玄粗质幔源岩浆在高压下(斜长石稳定压力之下,1.5GPa)经历过以单斜辉石和钛铁氧化物为主的矿物分离结晶作用。低压下矿物的分离结晶作用及上地壳物质的混染则不明显。这套火山-潜火山岩的部分地球化学性质(如Ce/Yb比值)类似于大洋岛弧内的橄榄玄粗岩,可能意味着区内由于岩石圈的减薄,软流圈地幔上涌到了岩石圈相对较浅的部位,控制源区部分熔融的主要是尖晶石相地幔岩。虽然局部(如靠近郯庐断裂的盆地西缘)可能存在着明显的热侵蚀,但"突发性的"机械拆沉是区内(乃至整个长江中下游地区)岩石圈减薄的主要机制。在整个晚中生代岩石圈减薄的过程中,这两种机制可能一直相互促进着。     

内蒙古东北部额尔古纳地区上护林-向阳盆地中生代 火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,研究区中生代火山岩可分为2期,分别是早白垩世早期(约144Ma)吉祥峰组流纹岩类和早白垩世晚期(约125Ma)上库力组流纹岩类与梅勒图组玄武岩类。早白垩世早期吉祥峰组流纹岩富硅、富碱、富钾(K2O/Na2O>1),富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Th、U等元素,亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)及Sr、P,具有A型流纹岩的特征,暗示其形成于伸展环境。早白垩世晚期火山岩显示双峰式岩石组合特征,基性端元富碱、高钾,富含轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、Y),类似于钾玄质玄武岩,酸性端元显示A型流纹岩的特征。双峰式火山岩组合的存在暗示其形成于陆内拉张的构造环境。结合区域上中生代火山岩的空间分布规律,认为早白垩世早期火山岩的形成与蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带的演化有关,早白垩世晚期双峰式火山岩的形成与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下的俯冲作用相联系。     

浙闽相邻区白垩纪上下火山岩系成因与壳幔作用对比研究

浙闽相邻区广泛出露的白垩纪火山岩划分为上下火山岩系。下火山岩系为大面积展布的早白垩世早期长英质火山岩,属弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、Pb等和LREE,无明显Eu异常,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等,εHf(t)值较低(-20.43~-6.39),锆石Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄TDM2集中在1.8~2.2Ga之间。上火山岩系为局限于断陷盆地内的早白垩世晚期长英质火山岩,属偏铝质高钾钙碱性系列,相对贫硅贫碱但同样富集LREE和大离子亲石元素,负Eu异常明显,εHf(t)值较高(-10.00~-4.51)。研究表明,上下火山岩系均表现出随时代变新ΣREE和LREE分异程度降低的趋势,均形成于活动大陆边缘环境,主要为幔源岩浆底侵导致古元古代陆壳基底部分熔融形成的低Sr流纹岩类,但上火山岩系成岩过程中经历了更强烈的壳幔作用;例外的是下火山岩系西山头组上部熔岩,属东南沿海罕见的橄榄玄粗岩系列高Sr粗面英安岩,以富集Sr、Ti、Co、Ni和低的εHf(t)为特征,推断由幔源基性岩浆结晶分异形成。区域晚中生代火山岩的综合对比表明,东南沿海深部壳幔作用具有从中—晚侏罗世到早白垩世晚期逐渐增强、自南往北依次减弱的时空演化规律。     

冀西北早白垩世岩浆岩的地球化学特征及其地球动力学背景

冀西北张家口地区晚中生代发生了大规模的中酸性岩浆活动,通过精确的锆石 U-Pb 年代学研究,获得东坪金矿东侧北栅子碱性花岗岩的侵位年龄为(130.5±1.5) Ma,其周围出露的张家口组粗面质火山岩的喷发年龄为(127.8±3.9) Ma,为早白垩世同期岩浆作用的产物.这些岩浆岩总体属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄质系列,富碱,低 Mg#(30~43);微量元素组成上具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集(ΣLREE/ΣHREE =14.1~23.0,(La/Yb)N =20.8~42.2), Eu 弱负异常(δEu =0.62~0.97),高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti和 P)不同程度亏损的地球化学特征,显示出同源岩浆演化的趋势.火山岩和花岗岩(87Sr/86Sr)i 平均值分别为0.7075和0.7078,全岩εNd(t)和锆石εHf(t)值差别明显,火山岩εNd(t)=–15.9~–13.6,εHf(t)=–18.7~–13.5,而花岗岩εNd(t)及εHf(t)则显著低于火山岩,分别为–16.8~–15.9和–24.7~–18.4.地球化学以及同位素特征表明它们是经历过强烈改造的前寒武纪下地壳与中生代底侵形成的玄武质下地壳部分熔融的产物,花岗岩岩浆主要源于经历过强烈改造的前寒武纪下地壳部分熔融,而张家口组粗面质火山岩的源区可能含有相对较多的年轻地幔物质,两者可能存在源区混合作用.北栅子碱性长石花岗岩和大面积张家口组火山岩的喷发,反映了该地区在早白垩世构造体制从挤压-伸展的转折,这种构造体制转变可能与早白垩世燕山构造带开始垮塌以及岩石圈强烈伸展减薄有关     

Zircon U／Pb Dating of Cretaceous Adakitic Volcanic Rocks in the Eastern Part of North Dabie Mountains

1IntroductionMostgeologistshaveacceptedthattheQinling Dabieorogenicbeltistheproductofcontinentaldeepsubduction (Okayetal.,1993;Cong ,B .etal.,1995 ;Hackeretal.,1995 ;DongShuwenetal.,1993) .Butasthebiggest scaleUHPmetamorphicbeltintheworld ,thereactionbetweenthecrustandthemantleatthepost orogenicstageandtheexhumation ,upliftinganddenudationoftheorogenicbeltarethecomplexdynamicprocesses .ItwasreportedpreviouslythatsomeCretaceousvolcanicrocksexistinthemiddleoftheDabieMountains (GuanYuncaiet…     

华北克拉通东部中生代高Mg闪长岩——对岩石圈减薄机制的制约

在华北克拉通东部鲁西—徐淮地区,存在一套辉石闪长岩-二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组成的adakitic岩石。锆石SHRI MP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明它们形成于早白垩世(130~132Ma)。该类岩石具有较高的MgO含量(质量分数为1·46%~9·76%)、高的Mg#值(0·46~0·68)和高的Sr/Y值(主体介于30~52之间,个别高达410)。这些特征类似于由俯冲大洋板片部分熔融形成的adakitic岩石。然而,它们所表现出来的相对较高的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(0·7051~0·7077)和较低的εNd(t)值(-4·43~-15·92)则反映岩浆形成或演化过程中应有陆壳物质的参与。徐淮地区该类岩石中榴辉岩类捕虏体和石榴石捕虏晶的存在和鲁西辉石闪长岩中众多地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的发现,以及这些捕虏体中普遍发育富硅质交代作用,由此可以判定该类岩浆应起源于拆沉下部大陆地壳的部分熔融及其在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩的反应,石榴石作为残留相。华北克拉通东部早白垩世adakitic岩石的存在以及榴辉岩类捕虏体的年代学表明,中生代早期曾存在一次重要的陆壳加厚过程,之后相继出现的加厚岩石圈的拆沉应是中生代岩石圈减薄的主导机制。     

Mesozoic high-Ba–Sr granitoids from North China: geochemical characteristics and geological implications

Abstract Mesozoic magmatism occurred extensively in the North China block (NCB) and the Dabie–Sulu orogen (DSO) post-dating the North–South China collision, resulting in abundant intrusive and volcanic rocks ranging from basic to acidic compositions. The intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks can be grouped into two types, namely high-Ba–Sr granitoids and low-Ba–Sr granitoids that both have distinct geochemical characteristics. The high-Ba–Sr granitoids are similar in most of the incompatible trace element systematics to the associated basic rocks, which probably originated from melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, indicating significant mantle contributions to them. Geochemical similarities are observed between the basic rocks from the NCB and DSO, implying a regional-scale magma-generating mechanism and that mantle enrichment beneath the DSO was independent from the Triassic deep continental subduction in the region. We therefore interpret that the Mesozoic magmatism resulted from delamination of the ancient lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern part of North China.     

Characteristics and genesis of diachronous Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary sequences: insights from geochemistry,petrology and U–Pb dating in the North Junggar basin,China

ABSTRACT

The subduction of oceanic lithosphere during the Carboniferous Period contributed to the formation of widely distributed subduction-related volcanic rocks within the Junggar basin. These volcanic rock associations contain significant clues for understanding the subduction of the Keramaili oceanic lithosphere and the filling of the remnant oceanic basin. Here, we report regional gravity and magnetic data, petrology, geochemistry, and U–Pb dating for Carboniferous volcanic rocks from the North Junggar basin (NJB). Using samples from well Y-1, we distinguish upper and lower volcanic sequences on the basis of selected geochemical data. An isochronous stratigraphic framework of Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary sequences is then constructed and the petrogenesis of these volcanic rocks is discussed. Finally, we propose an explanation for the genesis of these diachronous Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary sequences. The results show that various volcanic rocks are distributed in different areas of the NJB, and mainly consist of calc-alkaline basalt–andesite–dacite assemblages and alkaline basalt–basaltic andesite–andesite assemblages. The geochemical data also demonstrate a binary nature of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks. In the eastern NJB, the lower and upper volcanic sequences are formed during the early and late Carboniferous, respectively. However, all of these volcano-related sequences in the western of the NJB are formed during the late Carboniferous. These volcano-sedimentary sequences exhibit a ‘ladder-style’ of temporospatial evolution from east to west. The geochemical results also indicate that the upper volcanic rocks include island arc components formed in an extensional setting, whereas the lower volcanic rocks were derived from deep crustal cycling metasomatism by various mantle components in a continental arc environment. Earlier closure of the Keramaili oceanic basin and slab roll-back of the Junggar oceanic lithosphere in eastern versus western Junggar basin led to the formation of these diachronous volcano-sedimentary sequences.     

辽西早白垩世义县组火山岩的地质特征及其构造背景

早白垩世义县组火山岩虽辽西地区分布最为广泛的中代火山岩。岩石学、元素－同位素地球化学研究表明，义县组火山岩主要为高钾钙碱性系列，相容元素（Cr,Co,Ni,V等）和大离子亲石元素（如Rb,Sr,Ba等）相对富集，市场强元素（如Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr,Hf等）和放射性元素（U,Th）相对亏损，轻重稀土元素分 馏明显，δEu弱负异常，放射成因的Nd,Sr,Pb同位素较低， 具有板内和活动大陆边缘弧地球化学特点。作者认为辽西早白垩世义县组火山岩起源于富集的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融。岩浆在演化过程中以结晶分异作用为主，伴有少量的地壳混染作用，即AFC过程。结合区域构造，作者认为义县组火山岩形成于板内岩石圈的不均匀拉伸环境，是燕山板内造山作用的产物，与中生代古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲没有直接关系。     

大别山金刚台国家地质公园的火山岩相构造

通过对大别山金刚台国家地质公园火山岩的岩性特征、火山岩相、相模式和火山机构的研究,认为火成岩斑状结构的含碎屑—碎屑状岩石可以有深成、浅成、侵出、喷溢或爆发等不同产状。以大斑、多斑、富碎斑和熔蚀斑为特征,发育涌动流纹、塑性集块和假堆积等构造,并与时差很小的大斑花岗岩基、大斑花岗斑岩脉呈侵入接触关系的非层状火山岩,预示其成因为深成端元属性。各种碎屑粒度越小和含量愈高,则指示更强的隐爆强度。提出景区内出露的火山岩均为潜火山岩,早期火山机构为偏心式脉动膨胀—隐爆潜火山岩体,晚期为爆破角砾岩筒。代表爆发相的火山碎屑岩埋藏在北部中—新生界盆地之中,在深剥蚀的大别山腹地不可能保存。     

华北克拉通中生代破坏前的岩石圈地幔与下地壳

华北克拉通是世界上最古老的克拉通之一,有 38亿年的古老陆壳存在,它经历了复杂的地质变迁,在太古宙末(约2500Ma)基本完成克拉通化,在古元古代(约1900~1850Ma)整体受到了高级变质作用,最终完成了克拉通化。它的东部在中生代发生了重大的构造机制的转变,克拉通基底发生了破坏、置换和再造。在太行山重力梯度带以西的华北克拉通受中生代构造转折的改造程度较低,它们的下地壳和岩石圈地幔结构,大致保持了华北克拉通破坏前的状态。前寒武纪麻粒岩地体代表了掀翻抬升到地表的古元古代下地壳,出露地表的时间大致在1850~1800Ma。中、新生代火山岩中的地幔和麻粒岩捕虏体代表了现代的岩石圈地幔和下地壳的岩石。岩石学、地球化学和地球物理的研究,推测华北克拉通西部的岩石圈厚约200km,地壳厚度约45km~50km,是在古元古代(约1.9Ga)时期终极克拉通化作用形成的,其厚度和结构与全球典型的元古宙克拉通岩石圈相同。而太行山重力梯度带以东的克拉通岩石圈地幔受到程度不等的交代、改造、置换和减薄,下地壳大规模重熔,地壳厚度也发生减薄,指示了强烈的壳幔解耦、物质交换和重新耦合的过程。     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Okhotsk and Japan marginal seas

The results of ICP-MS trace-element (LILE, HFSE, REE) study of the Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Okhotsk and Japan seas and geochronological K-Ar dating of the Eocene volcanic rocks are presented. Specifics of volcanism developed on submarine rises of these seas was characterized for the first time, and magma sources and geodynamic settings of the volcanic complexes predating the formation of the deep-water basins were determined. It is established that the Late Mesozoic magmas were formed in a subduction setting from spinel peridotites of suprasubduction mantle wedge, which was metasomatically reworked by aqueous fluids that were released by dehydration of sedimentary layer of subducting oceanic plate. This follows from the elevated concentrations of H₂O, alkalis, potassium, LILE and LREE, and lowered HFSE (including Ta-Nb minimum) and HREE contents, at lowered Sm/Yb, Nb/Ta, Nb/Y and elevated La/Nb, Ba/La, and Zr/Y ratios. Eocene adakite-like volcanic rocks were identified for the first time in the Sea of Okhotsk. They vary from andesitic to more felsic compositions with elevated MgO (>4%) and elevated La/Yb (>14) and Sr/Y (50–60) ratios. Identification of adakite-like volcanic rocks serves as evidence in support of the transform continental-margin (or plate sliding) setting, which is characterized by breaking apart of subduction slab and formation of slab “windows” acting as pathways for the transfer of asthenospheric mantle into continental lithosphere. New geochemical data on the Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Okhotsk and Japan seas and analysis of literature data were used to distinguish two geodynamic settings within these seas: subduction and transform margin. Similar settings operated at that time in the adjacent continental- margin volcanic belts (Akinin and Miller, 2011; Martynov and Khanchuk, 2013; et al.).     

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of mafic volcanic rocks of the Hindoli belt, southeastern Rajasthan: Implications for continent assembly

Mafic volcanic rocks that occur within the sedimentary pile of the Hindoli Group were analyzed for major and trace elements (including REE) to establish tectonic setting of volcanism during the early Proterozoic history of the North Indian Craton. The mafic volcanics are sub-alkaline showing compositional variation from picrobasalt to basalt. They are LREE enriched with (La/Yb)_N ratio ranging from 4.67?C6.19 (avg.5.27) and exhibit slightly concave REE patterns relative to chondrite. The multi-element patterns of these mafic volcanic rocks display relative enrichment in Th and LREE and negative anomalies of Nb and P. These geochemical characteristics are consistent with a subduction related origin. Various variation diagrams, involving immobile trace elements, distinguish the Hindoli lavas as arc basalt. However, their Ti and Nb contents are higher than those of subduction related magmas. Probably the wedge melting, along with mixing of rising asthenosphere might have produced these characteristics. It is suggested that the Hindoli basin originated by rifting of island- arc lithosphere, caused by rising plume in an extensional back arc region. Based on the results of the present geochemical study, it is proposed that in the early Proterozoic the Mewar block had an active-type continental margin on its present eastern side. The continental magmatic arcs and intra-arc basins developed on this margin were subsequently incorporated into the Mewar protocontinent. Possibly, the plate carrying the Bundelkhand block subducted beneath the eastern margin of the Mewar block, resulting in the final amalgamation of the two blocks along Great Boundary Fault zone or Banas Dislocation Zone. The arc related volcanism of north Indian shield at about 1850?C1832 Ma, appears to represent the global subduction event, which resulted in the amalgamation and formation of Columbia supercontinent.     

Neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic rocks and granites in the western Dabie area,northern margin of Yangtze block,China: implications for extension during the break-up of Rodinia

ABSTRACT

To better understand the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution along the northern margin of Yangtze Block, we have determined the geochronological and geochemical compositions of newly recognized bimodal volcanic suite and coeval granites from the western Dabie terrain. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating reveals that the felsic and mafic volcanics from the Hong’an unit have crystallization ages of 730 ± 4Ma and 735 ± 5Ma, respectively, indicating that the bimodal suite was erupted during the Neoproterozoic. The Xuantan, Xiaoluoshan, and Wuchenhe granites yield U-Pb ages of 742 ± 4 Ma, 738 ± 4 Ma, and 736 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The felsic volcanic rocks show peraluminous characteristics, and have a close affinity to S-type granite. The mafic volcanic rocks are basalt in compositions, and are likely generated from a depleted mantle source. The granites belong to high-K calc-alkaline and calc-alkaline series, display metaluminous to peraluminous, and are mainly highly fractionated I-type and A-type granite. The granites and felsic volcanics have zircon εHf(t) values of ?16.4 to + 5.6 and two-stage Hf model ages (T_DM2) of 1.28 to 2.40 Ga, suggesting that they were partial melting of varying Mesoproterozoic–early-Neoproterozoic crust. The granites have εNd_(t) of -14.7 to -1.5, and the two-stage Nd model ages (T_DM2) values of 1.54 to 2.61 Ga, also implying the Yangtze crustal contribution. These Neoproterozoic bimodal suite and coeval granites were most likely generated in a rifting extensional setting, triggered by the mantle upwelling, associated with crust–mantle interaction. Intensive magmatic rocks are widespread throughout the South Qingling, Suizhao, western Dabie and eastern Dabie areas during 810–720 Ma, and show peak ages at ~ 740 Ma. Combining regional geology, we support a continental rifting extensional setting for the north margin of the Yangtze Block during the break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia.