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在分析河流污水非饱和入渗过程和输移机理的基础上,建立了河流污水非饱和入渗对沿岸土壤及地下水质影响的预测预报模型。该模型将水力传导率分离为饱和水力传导率项和相对水力传导率项,并运用全隐式差分和时间中心差分格式分别离散,计算过程中根据土壤饱和度调用不同格式,克服真解波动和耗散现象。取得了良好效果。以江苏省徐州市奎河的徐村和黄桥河段污水中的保守性污染因子Cl-和非保守性污染因子氮为例,研究非饱和入渗污染物在土壤及地下水中迁移转化过程的模拟模型参数,运用所率定的参数进行预测计算,计算值与相关的实测值进行对比分析,结果表明,两者吻合良好。 相似文献
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《地下水》2017,(1)
利用压汞实验、铸体薄片、扫描电镜和油水相渗试验获得的各类特征参数,分析不同成岩相储层油水两相的相互干扰特征,探讨对比两相流体共渗时储集空间、孔喉网络类型以及产量递减等方面的差异,实现流体在特低渗层内渗流规律的定量表征,并结合产油能力,着重探讨孔隙结构对渗流特征的影响。结果表明:储层岩石孔隙中的油能否被驱出主要取决于喉道参数,物性越好的储层,喉道半径越大,残余油饱和度越高。油驱水过程中,油相开始流动时连续相临界饱和度的大小与该驱替压力下油相可以进入的孔隙和喉道体积有关,尤其是喉道体积。孔、喉间差异越小,分选、分布越均匀,非均质越弱,岩石渗流能力越强,水驱效率越高。 相似文献
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减饱和法是一种通过减小饱和砂土地基中水的饱和度来处置可液化砂土地基的方法。基于单相流-固耦合理论,将减饱和砂中水-气两相流体等效为单相流体,提出一种可以考虑加载过程中孔隙流体体积模量变化的减饱和砂土静态液化的单相流改进算法,用其进行单调荷载作用下三轴不排水压缩试验数值模拟研究,分析了不同饱和度条件下的减饱和砂土的不排水反应并与饱和砂土三轴不排水试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,单相流改进算法能够很好地反映减饱和法的抗液化特性。此外,对比不同数值分析方法模拟结果,得出以下结论:采用单相流简化算法分析减饱和砂土的不排水反应时,因为不考虑加载过程中的孔隙流体体积模量变化,所以初始的流体体积模量取值会影响减饱和砂土的强度,初始围压为100 kPa、饱和度为96%的减饱和砂土在单调荷载作用下,气体体积模量取值从100 kPa增加至200 kPa时,减饱和砂试样的峰值偏应力会减小约30%,孔隙压力会增加约40%;通过对比同等条件下的单相流改进算法和两相流算法的应力-应变关系曲线以及饱和度和体积应变变化曲线,两者结果相近,误差在5%以内。综上所述,单相流改进算法是一种较为合理而简洁地模拟减饱和砂土静态液化的计算方法。 相似文献
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沉积物与流体流动的性质是影响水合物形成和聚集的两个重要因素,为研究水合物在沉积地层中的赋存机制必须探明高压环境下含水合物沉积物在非饱和渗流条件下的相互影响关系。以逸度差为水合物反应驱动力,反应动力学常数为Arrhenius类型,建立了包括非饱和流体流动-沉积物特征-水合物形成动力学耦合的二维模型,从理论上研究了多孔介质内流体与沉积物参数如含水率、去饱和系数、水力分布和水合物饱和度等在孔隙内的相互影响规律。结果表明,在设定的条件下,随着反应的进行孔隙水压力随时间逐渐大,在相同条件下水合物饱和度与温度增加导致孔隙水压力变大,其中水合物饱和度的影响较小,而沉积物基质吸力、去饱和系数与本征动力学常数则与孔隙水压力成反向变化,其中本征动力学常数的影响较大。 相似文献
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通过对榆树林油田压汞资料的分析,发现该油田的微观孔隙结构参数大部分与中高渗透油层的特征相似,其相对分选系数和结构系数随着渗透率的降低而增大,结构特征参数和孔喉平均半径随着渗透率的降低而减小。在毛管压力曲线上,其排驱压力高,孔喉细小。由于油层的低孔、低渗特性,油、水在孔隙介质中流动,呈现了非线性渗流特征,而且随着孔隙半径和渗透率降低,非线性渗流特征越来越明显。油水两相共同渗流时,束缚水饱和度、残余油饱和度以及共渗点饱和度均较高,而两相渗流范围较小,残余油下水相渗透率较低,最终驱油效率不高。 相似文献
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颗粒物质是大量固体颗粒相互作用而组成的复杂体系。颗粒间孔隙水具有复杂连通结构和复杂的流动规律,直接影响颗粒体系的变形和强度,目前颗粒间隙液体的挤压流动和剪切运动分析是流体力学的难点。基于Reynolds润滑理论,导出了存在填隙双黏度流体时,两刚性圆球间流体的挤压流动速度场和压力方程。根据应力的变化情况,将流体分为屈服区和未屈服区,讨论了两区厚度与流体及颗粒参数的关系,分析了流体压力分布随计算参数的变化规律,得到了法向挤压黏性力的积分表达式,并给出了黏性力随不同参数的变化规律。 相似文献
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储层的微观孔隙结构定性定量表征可以为油藏后期高效开发奠定地质基础。本次研究利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞等实验手段,对吴起油田白豹地区长4+5超低渗储层的微观孔隙结构进行表征,并建立起研究区孔隙结构划分标准。在此基础上,制作真实砂岩模型,通过油水两相渗流实验反映孔隙结构好坏,通过微观可视化油水驱替实验对不同孔隙结构水驱后微观剩余油存在类型及成因进行分析。结果表明:Ⅰ类孔隙结构组合类型为粒间孔-溶孔,油水两相渗流特征最好,水驱后微观剩余油主要以小面积连片簇状形式存在,驱油效率为35%;Ⅱ类孔隙结构组合类型为溶孔-残余粒间孔,油水两相渗流特征接近Ⅰ类,储渗能力及水驱效果最好,驱油效率为43%,水驱后微观剩余油主要以簇状、环状形式存在;Ⅲ类孔隙结构组合类型为晶间孔-溶孔,其物性最差,油水两相渗流特征最差,驱油效率仅为21%,水驱后微观剩余油以连片簇状形式存在。研究区成岩作用及孔隙中的填隙物含量主要影响孔隙结构发育,从而影响不同孔隙结构在水驱过后的微观剩余油分布。 相似文献
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岩石流-固耦合实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应力与岩石的变形破坏和渗透特性关系密切。实验结果显示,一方面,岩石破坏前后其渗透性达到最大,渗透率变化与岩石性质有关,砂岩的变化服从指数函数关系,泥质砂岩、砂质泥岩或者泥岩服从抛物线型函数关系;另一方面,在大多数情况下,应力变化仅导致岩石微小变形而并未破坏。渗透性随有效应力变化,并且与岩石空隙形状有关,岩石空隙形状包括三重孔隙介质,分别为基质孔隙、裂缝孔隙和管道状孔隙。裂缝性岩心的渗透率和孔隙度损失较孔隙性岩心、毛细管型岩石损失大,渗透率的变化总是大于孔隙度的变化。孔隙岩块的孔隙度和渗透率随有效应力的变化关系符合指数型数学模型,裂缝型岩石宜用幂指数型数学模型描述,毛细管型岩石则用二次抛物线数学模型描述较为恰当。 相似文献
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《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》2000,25(2):163-168
We have made a detailed study of the effect of cross-sectional shape on the hydraulic conductance of rock pores. We consider laminar flow through a single tube with an irregular cross-section; constriction effects, and interconnectedness of pores, will be studied in a future work. We employ three approximate methods: the hydraulic radius approximation, which attempts to correlate the conductivity with the perimeter/area ratio, the Aissen approximation, which utilises a mean value of the conductance of the largest (smallest) circles that can be inscribed (circumscribed) inside (outside) the pore, and the Saint-Venant approximation, which is based on the polar moment of inertia of the shape. The Boundary Element Method is used to provide nominally “exact” estimates of the conductivity, but at the expense of large amounts of computational time. All four methods have been tested on pore shapes from SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images of thin-sections of Berea and Massilon sandstone. Surprisingly, the hydraulic radius approximation is the most accurate of the three approximate methods, giving, on average, less than 1% error. Finally, we combine these methods with previous results on the effect of stress on pore deformation, to study the stress-dependence of pore conductivity. 相似文献
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Hugo A. Loáiciga 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(2):199-211
The equation of groundwater flow in marine island aquifers in which there is time-independent, spatially-variable recharge
and pumping is solved in closed form for rectangular, circular, and elliptical island geometries. The solution of the groundwater
flow equation is expressed in terms of the elevation of the phreatic surface within the flow domain. The depth of the seawater-freshwater
interface below mean sea level follows from the Dupuit–Ghyben–Herzberg relation. The method of solution presented in this
work relies on expanding the hydraulic head and forcing function (recharge and groundwater extraction) as Fourier series that
transforms the two-dimensional Poisson-type flow equations into second-order ordinary differential equations solvable using
classical theory. The important case of constant recharge (without groundwater extraction) leads to solutions in which the
hydraulic head is expressible as the product of a flow factor equal to the squared root of the ratio of recharge over hydraulic
conductivity times a geometric factor involving island shape parameters and flow boundary conditions. Estimability conditions
for the hydraulic conductivity are derived for the cases of constant recharge and spatially variable recharge with pumping. 相似文献
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Estimation of fault-zone conductance by calibration of a regional groundwater flow model: Desert Hot Springs,California 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
The hydraulic conductance of a large fault zone has been estimated by calibrating a regional groundwater flow model. Drops in groundwater elevations of over 80 m have been observed along a 15-km length of the Mission Creek fault, California, USA. The large drops in elevation are attributed to the reduced hydraulic conductivity of the fault materials. A conceptual and numerical model of the two hydrologic subbasins in Desert Hot Springs, separated by the Mission Creek fault, was developed. The model was used to estimate the hydraulic conductance along the fault. The parameter estimation involved calibrating the model with observed groundwater elevations from over 40 locations over a 60-year period. The fault hydraulic conductances were estimated assuming a linear trend in the fault length, yielding variations in the fault hydraulic conductance of about an order of magnitude along the fault length (2?×?10?11–4?×?10?10 1/s). When an average fault thickness of 35 m is assumed, the fault hydraulic conductivity values are estimated to be from three to five orders of magnitude lower than the surrounding materials. A sensitivity analysis indicated that assumptions made in the conceptual model do not significantly affect estimated fault hydraulic conductances. 相似文献
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Yazhou Zou 《Acta Geotechnica》2012,7(2):129-137
A macroscopic model for predicting the relative hydraulic permeability of unsaturated soils is proposed. In this model, pores in unsaturated soils are considered to be parallel flow tubes. The water flow in the pores is assumed to take place in the water film on the inside wall of the flow tubes. The viscosity of pore water is considered to be different from the viscosity of pure water and variable with the variation of degree of saturation. The values of tortuosity factor and pore shape factor of unsaturated soils are estimated theoretically. The theoretical model is verified using experimental data for 32 different soils. For application in engineering practice, the value of viscosity of pore water in different soils is proposed. 相似文献
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以麻柳林滑坡为例,选取了内摩擦角、粘聚力、渗透系数、浸没率、库水位下降速率及降雨量等6个因素进行了正交试验,采用极差分析法进行了稳定性敏感分析.结果表明,滑坡稳定性及其变化率主要由内因决定,库水和降雨对其影响较小.滑坡稳定性对内摩擦角最敏感,其次依次为渗透系数、粘聚力和浸没率.滑坡初始稳定性主要由内摩擦角和粘聚力决定.滑坡稳定性随浸没率的降低而逐步增加,但增幅较小;渗透系数对滑坡稳定系数变化率的影响最大,并存在临界值K_0,渗透系数大于K_0时,滑坡稳定性随渗透系数的增加而增加,渗透系数小于K_0时,滑坡稳定性随渗透系数的降低而降低. 相似文献
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Acta Geotechnica - Field permeability tests are used to evaluate the local hydraulic conductivity. Their interpretation requires knowing the value of a shape factor, c. Regular values for shape... 相似文献