贵州水城二叠纪钠质粗面玄武岩的地球化学特征及其源区

贵州水城二叠纪玄武岩位于峨眉山大火成岩省东部。该玄武岩全岩SiO₂的含量为44.5%~50.04%,TiO₂的含量为2.38%~2.74%,MgO的含量为5.74%~7.96%, Mg^#值较低为0.40~0.49,Na₂O含量高,为4.81%~7.19%,并且Na₂O/K₂O>4,属于钠质粗面玄武岩即夏威夷岩。具有ΣREE富集的右倾型稀土元素分布模式,稀土和微量元素特征和Pb同位素特征显示洋岛玄武岩OIB的地球化学特征,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.70482~0.70503,ε_Nd(t)和(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_<em>t变化范围较窄:1.3~1.8和17.21~17.62。与贵州威宁黑石头和织金二叠纪玄武岩比较,水城玄武岩富碱,TiO₂含量低,Na₂O、MgO和Al₂O₃含量高,造成峨眉山大火成岩省东部贵州境内三个地方玄武岩不同性质的主要原因是由于地幔源区不同,分离结晶程度和地壳混染程度的不同,水城玄武岩来源于交代富集地幔,是峨眉山地幔柱上升至石榴石稳定区发生部分熔融,地幔柱的部分熔融体和富含挥发分的大陆岩石圈地幔混合,在上升到地表过程中受到轻微的地壳混染所形成。     

江苏徐州白露山岩管地质特征及与金刚石成因关系探讨

近年来,在开展苏北原生金刚石找矿时,从白露山岩管中选获了2颗大颗粒金刚石,粒径均大于1mm,分别属ⅠaB型和ⅠaA型,这是苏北地区首次发现的大颗粒原生金刚石。本文在对白露山岩管的岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U- Pb同位素年龄以及金刚石特征等描述基础上,对岩管成因进行了分析,并探讨了该岩管与金刚石的关系。结果表明：白露山岩管的形态反映了裂隙- 中心式喷发的隐爆火山岩岩管的特征,其主体岩性为橄榄玄武岩,角砾成分包括橄榄玄武岩、灰岩、凝灰质、闪斜煌岩和片麻岩等。橄榄玄武岩总体具有高镁、低铝、低钛的特点,整体富集大离子亲石元素和LREE,高场强元素和HREE略亏损,与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）较为接近,但存在与岛弧玄武岩（IAB）相似的强烈Nb负异常特征。其形成于中新生代太平洋板块俯冲、华北克拉通岩石圈减薄背景下,起源于深约75~100 km的受俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔,在石榴子石稳定域由角闪石石榴子石二辉橄榄岩经2%~5%的部分熔融而来。 在岩浆演化过程中遭受了一定程度的地壳混染和分离结晶作用,然后在板内快速拉张的环境下,橄榄玄武岩浆沿构造薄弱地带侵入至地壳浅部隐爆形成,且在上升过程中捕获了大量的围岩角砾。金刚石不是白露山橄榄玄武岩的结晶产物,而可能是来自捕获的被徐宿弧形构造推覆掩盖的古生代含金刚石母岩。     

江苏徐州塔山橄榄玄武玢岩地球化学特征及其与金刚石成因关系

通过研究徐州塔山地区橄榄玄武玢岩的地球化学特征,对其岩石成因及构造环境进行判别,并进一步对其金刚石成矿前景进行探讨。结果表明,橄榄玄武玢岩属于大陆板内玄武岩,总体上略富集轻稀土元素,是在板内拉张构造背景下由石榴子石相的富集地幔经不同程度部分熔融形成的,且在岩浆结晶过程中存在一定程度的斜长石堆晶作用。其所含微粒金刚石与安徽栏杆金刚石相似,显示出金刚石生长初期的特点,应为幔源捕获成因。与金伯利岩相比,橄榄玄武玢岩在地球化学特征方面存在明显差异,整体表现为古近纪伸展期玄武岩浆的特征,不具备携带大量深源包体的条件,难以形成原生金刚石矿床。     

鹤壁新生代玄武岩源区及成因: 地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据

大陆碱性玄武岩是研究大陆地幔、软流圈和岩石圈、壳幔相互作用的窗口。鹤壁碱性玄武岩为华北中部新生代玄武岩重要组成部分,其源区和成因对了解新生代期间华北克拉通中部岩石圈地幔改造提供了重要依据。鹤壁新生代玄武岩主要为碱性玄武岩,贫硅(SiO₂=45.0%~47.8%)富镁(MgO=7.3%~8.5%)和全碱(Na₂O+K₂O=4.6%~6.3%),富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素强烈分馏,无明显Eu异常。富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs)。在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,具有明显的Nb、Ta正异常,其中Nb/U=35~48、La/Nb=0.4~0.7、Ba/Nb=3.6~11。 全岩的Sr、Nd、Hf同位素比值分别为⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i=0.7036~0.7044,ε_Nd(t)=+0.4~+5.4, ε_Hf(t)=+5.0~+9.7,显示鹤壁新生代玄武岩具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征和同位素组成。岩相学特征和地球化学特征表明鹤壁新生代玄武岩是软流圈地幔(>80km)小程度部分熔融形成的熔体与富集的岩石圈地幔相互作用后的结果,地壳物质混染和结晶分离作用不显著。     

辽南42号金伯利岩管地质特征及找矿预测

辽南42号金伯利岩岩管主要由东部42-1号大岩管、西部42-2号小岩管和中部42-3号小小岩管组成。42-1号岩管从地表到40 m标高形态急剧收缩;42-2号岩管为烟筒状,40 m标高至-160 m标高面积比为1∶1.15;42-3岩管在-200 m标高处延深为脉状。42号岩管岩石类型为斑状金伯利岩、斑状富金云母金伯利岩、含或富含围岩角砾金伯利岩和含岩球斑状金伯利岩。岩石化学特征研究表明,岩石中w(SiO₂)、w(Al₂O₃)、w(TiO₂)值比山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩和戴里值偏高,w(MgO)、w(Cr₂O₃)、w(K₂O)、w(Na₂O)、w(P₂O₅)值较戴里值偏低,但w(K₂O)、w(Na₂O)、w(P₂O₅)值比山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩略高;w(ΣFe₂O₃+FeO)、w(CaO+H₂O)值与山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩及戴里值相当。通过采样分析42-2号岩管金刚石含量高,42-1号岩管金刚石含量低;研究认为受造岩矿物橄榄石和金云母的影响,金刚石含量与橄榄石斑晶含量正相关,与金云母含量呈负相关;伴生矿物铬铁矿、镁铝榴石、碳硅石含量高,则金刚石含量也随之增高,为正相关;而锐钛矿于金刚石含量为负相关。基于研究区的三维建模、推覆构造研究,推测42号岩管不是根部相,其东部可能存在深部金伯利岩体。     

徐州北部西村苦橄玢岩地球化学特征及其与金伯利岩的对比

在江苏北部寻找金刚石原生矿的过程中,于徐州北部西村发现18条苦橄玢岩脉（管）。研究发现,在岩石地球化学方面,该区苦橄玢岩与山东、辽宁等地区的金伯利岩具有相似性：二者均属偏碱性超基性岩,徐州西村苦橄玢岩以MgO含量低,Al2O3、CaO、K2O含量偏高,w(Fe3+)/w(Fe2+)比＞1为特征,与碳酸盐化金伯利岩的地球化学特征相似;二者的过渡族金属元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线均为“M”型,且以显著的Ti、Nb正异常及陡倾斜为特征,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线均显示轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损;辽宁、山东地区金伯利岩富集Nb,Nb与Cr、Ni、Co等呈正相关,而徐州西村苦橄玢岩中的Nb则与Cr、Ni、Co等呈负相关。这些地球化学特征说明,徐州西村苦橄玢岩与辽宁、山东地区的金伯利岩具有一定的成因联系,为该区金刚石找矿提供了有利线索。     

华北克拉通山西省晚石炭世基性岩墙成因：锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素证据

作为岩石圈伸展拉张背景侵位的特征岩石,基性岩墙群（煌斑岩、辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩等）地质和地球化学研究日益受到地质研究者的关注。研究显示,基性岩墙在全球范围主要分布在美国、加拿大、巴西、澳大利亚和中国等地区,且年代格架主要集中在前寒武纪时期（2.4Ga、2.1Ga、1.8Ga、1.4Ga、1.0Ga）。目前,国内中生代以来基性岩墙群主要出露于华北克拉通、华南、西藏和塔里木盆地。本研究基性岩墙来自山西省大同附近,对于该套岩墙,本文给出了锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素证据。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为293Ma,岩石具有变化较小的主元素变化特征（SiO₂=50.78%~51.35%,TiO₂=2.16%~2.32%,Al₂O₃=14.53%~15.08%,Fe₂O₃=12.42%~12.66%,MnO=0.13%~0.16%,MgO=5.14%~5.35%,CaO=7.93%~8.25%,Na₂O=3.52%~3.78%,K₂O=1.01%~1.14%和P₂O₅=0.24%~0.36%）。另外,基性岩墙富集轻稀土元素、大离子侵石元素（Ba,K和Sr）和高场强元素（Nb,Ta和Zr）,亏损Th、Pb和Ti。同时,基性岩墙具有相对一致的（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i比值（0.70422~0.70423）,正的ε_Nd（t）值（5.8~6.1）和变化较小的Nd模式年龄（t_DM1=0.67~0.72Ga,t_DM2=0.57~0.59Ga）。以上特征表明,基性岩墙来自亏损软流圈地幔的分布熔融作用,岩浆侵位过程中发生了橄榄石、辉石和含Ti相矿物的分离结晶作用,但没有受到地壳物质的混染作用影响。基性岩墙的成因上与华北克拉通和西伯利亚板块碰撞后的拉伸作用有密切联系。     

东天山寨北山铜矿区钠质火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其成因

寨北山矿区海相火山岩为一套富钠的玄武安山玢岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩组合,属于钙碱性系列岩石,具有低MgO（0.51%~5.93%,平均2.54%）、FeO（0.54%~6.39%,平均2.84%）和钛（TiO₂=0.09%~1.10%,平均0.58%）,富铝（Al₂O₃=12.23%~17.75%,平均15.20%,A/CNK=0.79~1.42,平均1.11）以及富钠（Na₂O/K₂O平均为7.30）、富水的特征。火山岩中斜长石主要为钠长石,少量更长石。轻、重稀土分馏较明显（（LREE/HREE）_N=3.68~9.00）,微量元素显示大离子亲石元素（如Th、U、Rb）、轻稀土的富集和高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Ti、P）相对亏损的特征。获得矿区雅满苏组钠质玄武安山玢岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为（337.6±3.3）Ma,为早石炭世火山活动的产物。火山岩岩石学及地球化学特征表明研究区钠质火山岩可能形成于俯冲带近大陆方向的岛弧构造环境,是早石炭世洋壳俯冲熔融产生的岩浆在海底喷发过程中与海水相互反应后,经低变质相作用产生的。成矿元素在钠长石化过程中可能被淋滤出来进入含矿热液,后期在适当的温压等条件下沉淀形成本区的矿床。     

敦煌三危山地区白垩纪OIB型基性岩墙的特征及地质意义

本文首次报道甘肃敦煌三危山地区早白垩世玄武质岩浆活动的记录。在三危山附近,基性岩墙侵入于敦煌群TTG和表壳岩大理岩和片岩中。全岩的K-Ar年龄为136.00±11.56Ma到99.11±6.35Ma,形成时代属于早白垩世。基性岩墙SiO₂含量变化范围较小,集中在47.95%~50.65%之间,以富TiO₂ (2.07%~2.35%,平均为2.21%)、MgO(6.03 %~6.51%,平均为6.32%)、贫K₂O(<1.29%),Na₂O>K₂O, Mg^#值中等且比较稳定(48.9~53.1,平均为51.7)为特征。基性岩相容元素含量相对较低,Ni含量变化相对较小,分布在112.7×10^-6~182.7×10^-6之间。而V含量变化较大,介于184×10^-6~267×10^-6之间,表明岩浆早期可能发生了一定的以橄榄石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用。基性岩富集LREE((La/Yb)_N ＝3.97~4.66)和LILE,无Eu负异常,较高的Fe/Mn比值等,具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的特征。微量元素比值等特征表明其来源与富集地幔关系密切,玄武质岩浆的形成可能与岩石圈的减薄和软流圈的上涌有关。     

浙江次坞地区晋宁晚期双峰式岩浆杂岩带的地球化学特征：Rodinia超大陆裂解的岩石学记录

次坞地区晋宁晚期火山岩与侵入岩由基性岩（上墅组下段基性火山岩与次坞辉绿岩体）和酸性岩（上墅组上段酸性火山岩与道林山碱长花岗岩体）组成,它们在时空上紧密伴生,成因上密切相关,SiO₂ 含量集中分布在两个区间,缺乏SiO₂为57％~68％的中性及中酸性成分,构成一套双峰式岩浆杂岩组合。酸性岩在化学组成上富硅碱而贫钙镁,准铝-过铝质,富含Zr、Nb和稀土元素,FeO^*/MgO、Rb/Sr比值大,显示出A型花岗质岩石的成分特征;基性岩具有富铝、钠、钛和偏碱性的特征,形成于陆内至陆缘张裂环境。基性岩与酸性岩由不同的源区熔融形成,基性岩起源于亏损程度较低的地幔或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到陆壳物质的混染,酸性岩可能起源于地壳中既含有基性地壳组分和又含有酸性地壳组分的源区的部分熔融。双峰式岩浆杂岩的形成,是华南Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的岩石学记录,揭示了华南Rodinia超大陆裂解始于青白口纪。     

Shrilankite Inclusions in Garnets from Kimberlite Bodies and Diamondiferous Volcanic–Sedimentary Rocks of the Yakutian Kimberlite Province,Russia

Pyrope–almandine garnets (Mg# = 28.3–44.9, Ca# = 15.5–21.3) from a heavy mineral concentrate of diamondiferous kimberlites of the largest diamond deposit, the Yubileinaya pipe, along with kimberlite- like rocks and diamondiferous volcano–sediments of the Laptev Sea coast, have been found to contain polymineral, predominantly acicular inclusions, composed of aggregates of shrilankite (Ti₂ZrO₆), rutile, ilmenite, clinopyroxene, and apatite. The presence of shrilankite as an inclusion in garnets from assumed garnet–pyroxene rocks of the lower crust, lifted up by diamond-bearing kimberlite, allows it to be considered as an indicator mineral of kimberlite, which expands the possibilities when searching for kimberlite in the Arctic.     

Evaluating the diamondiferous potential of unaltered kimberlites by the population models of their composition

430 chemical analyses of rocks and their diamondiferous potential are used to identify correlations between the diamondiferous potential of rocks and their petrochemical parameters. Samples for this research were collected from selected intervals of core materials, which were also examined for diamond content (a few samples from each interval), from the Nyurbinskaya, Botuobinskaya, Internatsional??naya, Mir, Aikhal, Yubileinaya, Satykanskaya, Udachnaya-West, and Udachnaya-East pipes. Typochemical indications of diamondiferous potential are TiO₂ and K₂O concentrations and the CaO/MgO ratio. System models developed for diamondiferous kimberlites allowed distinguishing two trends of their compositional variability. One of the trends is defined by the negatively correlated TiO₂ and K₂O concentrations of the rocks. This trend is discrete and can be statistically justifiably subdivided into seven segments, each of which represents a population of compositions produced under similar physicochemical conditions. Experimental data confirm that this trend can be closely related to the diamondiferous potential. Diamond richest kimberlites are practically free of TiO₂, whereas diamond poorest ones contain as much as 3% of this oxide. The former and the latter rocks were produced at the greatest and shallowest depths, respectively. The other trend is exhibited in all populations and subdivides them into discrete groups (varieties of the populations) with systematically decreasing CaO/MgO ratio. This parameter is nonlinearly correlated with the diamondiferous potential, and its increase corresponds to a systematic increase in the melting temperature of the source material. Certain kimberlite populations contain anomalously high K₂O concentrations, perhaps, because of mantle metasomatism or the presence of fragments of oceanic crustal material in the magma generation region. In these instances, numerous diamonds could crystallize in the parental melts under high pressures (>100 kbar). The paper presents statistical analysis of pair regressions of the contents of indicative oxides and diamondiferous potential and a graphical multiple-link model for correlations between concentrations of major oxides and diamondiferous potential. Tests of the predictions of diamondiferous potential on the basis of chemical parameters confirm that these predictions are accurate in 85?C90% of the instances.     

Oxygen isotope composition of syngenetic inclusions in diamond from the Finsch Mine,RSA

Oxygen isotope data have been obtained for silicate inclusions in diamonds, and similar associated minerals in peridotitic and eclogitic xenoliths from the Finsch kimberlite by laser-fluorination. Oxygen isotope analyses of syngenetic inclusions weighing 20–400 μg have been obtained by laser heating in the presence of ClF₃. ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios are determined on oxygen converted to CO₂ over hot graphite and, for samples weighing less than 750 μg (producing <12 μmoles O₂) enhanced CO production in the graphite reactor causes a systematic shift in both δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O that varies as a function of sample weight. A “pressure effect” correction procedure, based on the magnitude of δ¹³C (CO₂) depletion relative to δ¹³C (graphite), is used to obtain corrected δ¹⁸O values for inclusions with an accuracy estimated to be ±0.3‰ for samples weighing 40 μg.Syngenetic inclusions in host diamonds with similar δ¹³C values (−8.4‰ to −2.7‰) have oxygen isotope compositions that vary significantly, with a clear distinction between inclusions of peridotitic (+4.6‰ to +5.6‰) and eclogitic paragenesis (+5.7‰ to +8.0‰). The mean δ¹⁸O composition of olivine inclusions is indistinguishable from that of typical peridotitic mantle (5.25 ± 0.22‰) whereas syngenetic purple garnet inclusions possess relatively low δ¹⁸O values (5.00 ± 0.33‰). Reversed oxygen isotope fractionation between olivine and garnet in both diamond inclusions and diamondiferous peridotite xenoliths suggests that garnet preserves subtle isotopic disequilibrium related to genesis of Cr-rich garnet and/or exchange with the diamond-forming fluid. Garnet in eclogite xenoliths in kimberlite show a range of δ¹⁸O values from +2.3‰ to +7.3‰ but garnets in diamondiferous eclogites and as inclusions in diamond all have values >4.7‰.     

博茨瓦纳和中国含金刚石金伯利岩的地质特征及对寻找类似岩体的启示

金刚石及其寄主岩石是人类认识地球深部物质组成和性质、壳幔和核幔物质循环重要研究对象。本文总结了中国不同金刚石类型的分布,着重对比了博茨瓦纳和中国含金刚石金伯利岩的地质特征,取得如下认识:(1)博茨瓦纳含矿原生岩石仅为金伯利岩,而中国含矿岩石成分复杂,金伯利岩主要出露在华北克拉通,展布于郯庐、华北中央和华北北缘金伯利岩带,具有工业价值的蒙阴和瓦房店矿床分布于郯庐金伯利岩带中;钾镁煌斑岩主要出露在华南克拉通,重点分布在江南和华南北缘钾镁煌斑岩带中;(2)钙钛矿原位U-Pb年龄和Sr、Nd同位素显示,86～97 Ma奥拉帕金伯利岩群和456～470 Ma蒙阴和瓦房店金伯利岩均具有低87Sr/86Sr(0.703～0.705)和中等εNd(t)(-0.09～+5)特征,指示金伯利岩浆源自弱亏损地幔或初始地幔源区;(3)博茨瓦纳金伯利岩体绝大多数以岩筒产出,而中国以脉状为主岩筒次之;博茨瓦纳岩筒绝大部分为火山口相,中国均为根部相,岩筒地表面积普遍小于前者;(4)奥拉帕A/K1和朱瓦能金伯利岩体是世界上为数不多的主要产出榴辉岩捕虏体和E型金刚石的岩筒之一,而同位于奥拉帕岩群的莱特拉卡内、丹姆沙和卡罗韦岩体与我国郯庐带的金伯利岩体类似,均主要产出地幔橄榄岩捕虏体以及P型和E型金刚石;(5)寻找含矿金伯利岩重点注意以下几点:克拉通内部和周缘深大断裂带是重要的控岩构造;镁铝榴石、镁钛铁矿、铬透辉石、铬尖晶石和铬金红石等是寻找含金刚石金伯利岩重要的指示矿物;航磁等地球物理测量需与土壤取样找矿方法相结合才能取得更好效果;(6)郯庐金伯利岩带、江南钾镁煌斑岩带和塔里木地块是中国重要含矿岩石的找矿靶区,冲积型金刚石成矿潜力巨大。     

辽宁永宁地区含金刚石闪长质岩石显微特征及金刚石来源探讨

辽宁永宁地区发育一套闪长质火山岩，该岩石中曾选获金刚石及其指示矿物，因此成为辽宁省金刚石第Ⅳ成矿带。通过对该岩石矿物组成及其显微结构构造特征研究，表明：(1)闪长质岩石中的斑晶斜长石具有环带结构；(2)橄榄石及金云母具有多世代性，且目估橄榄石+金云母含量在10%以上，局部更为富集；(3)出现“橄榄石+金云母+石榴石”与“斜长石+辉石+角闪石”不平衡的矿物组合；(4)发现橄榄石有碎斑结构和金伯利岩角砾。初步认为，永宁地区的闪长质岩浆在上升过程中捕获了早先已形成的金伯利岩并与之发生熔融混合作用，金刚石来自于深部的金伯利岩。这一认识对该地区寻找金刚石原生矿具有启示意义。     

Kimberlites of the Manchary pipe: a new kimberlite field in Central Yakutia

This paper reports new petrographic and mineralogical data on the Manchary kimberlite pipe, which was discovered south of Yakutsk (Central Yakutia) in 2007–2008, 100 km. The pipe breaks through the Upper Cambrian carbonate deposits and is overlain by Jurassic terrigenous rock masses about 100 m thick. It is composed of greenish-gray kimberlite breccia with a serpentine-micaceous cement of massive structure. The porphyry texture of kimberlite is due to the presence of olivine, phlogopite, and picroilmenite phenocrysts. The SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents of the groundmass are indicative of typical noncontaminated kimberlites. The groundmass has a significant content of ore minerals: Fe- and Cr-spinels, perovskite, magnetite, and, less commonly, magnesian Cr-magnetite. Pyropes occur in kimberlites as sharp-edged fragments and show uneven distribution. Chemically, they belong to lherzolite, wehrlite, or nondiamondiferous dunite–harzburgite parageneses. Garnets corresponding to lherzolites of anomalous composition make up 8%; this is close to the garnet content of Middle Paleozoic kimberlites from the Yakutian kimberlite province. The pyropes from the new pipe are compositionally similar to those from diamond-poor Middle Paleozoic kimberlites in the north of the Yakutian diamondiferous province. Chemically, pyropes from the Manchary pipe and those from the modern alluvium of the Kengkeme and Chakyya Rivers differ substantially. Consequently, the rocks of the pipe could not be a source of pyropes for this alluvium. They probably occured from other sources. This fact along with numerous “pipelike” geophysical anomalies, suggest the existence of a new kimberlite field in Central Yakutia.     

Petrochemical evaluation of the diamond potentials of Yakutian kimberlite fields

The diamond potentials of nine kimberlite bodies occurring in the Mirnyi, Nakyn, AlakitMarkha, and Daldyn fields were studied by examination of 2026 10-m core intervals. Most typical rock samples of about 1 kg were taken from each interval for X-ray fluorescence analysis of silicates. A total of 6715 kimberlite samples were analyzed. Pairwise correlation coefficients between mean compositions of kimberlites and their diamond contents were calculated. Correlations with diamond presence (99%) were found only for TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and K₂O. The negative correlation with TiO₂ and the positive correlation with K₂O can serve as criteria for diamond presence. These dependences are in good agreement with the petrochemical population model. According to this model, the decrease in TiO₂ contents in the range 3.0–0.01% and the increase in K₂O content to 0.85% are related to larger depths of parental melting zones. Contents of K₂O exceeding 0.85% are determined by the presence of garnet pyroxenites, associated with processes accompanying oceanic crust subduction, in magma formation zones. Formation of parental melts at larger depths determines higher diamond potentials of kimberlite bodies. Our results confirm the hypothesis that kimberlite parental melts are selective melts of lithospheric peridotites saturated with water and carbon dioxide.     

寻找含金刚石金伯利岩的地质经济学

地质经济学关注地质科学研究和矿产勘查经费使用的有效性,是使科研的成果更有意义、更具创新性、找矿更具有针对性。含金刚石的金伯利岩体是世界上分布较少和较难寻找的岩体,但地质学家却做了大量的和深入的研究。从消化全球科学研究成果、建立金刚石矿勘查靶区、利用指示矿物追踪、消除干扰体,进而用多种手段确定靶位,建立了一套科研成果用于找矿的行之有效的步骤,进行每一个步骤时都要考虑到资金使用的有效性。本文讨论地质经济学在寻找含金刚石的金伯利岩全过程中的应用,抛砖引玉,认为地质经济学应当贯穿在科研和找矿的各个方面。本文还对中国寻找金刚石矿的远景区进行了分析。     

New data on kimberlite magmatism in southwestern Angola

First data on the geologic and geochemical compositions of kimberlites from nine kimberlite pipes of southwestern Angola are presented. In the north of the study area, there are the Chikolongo and Chicuatite kimberlite pipes; in the south, a bunch of four Galange pipes (I–IV); and in the central part, the Ochinjau, Palue, and Viniaty pipes. By geochemical parameters, these rocks are referred to as classical kimberlites: They bear mantle inclusions of ultrabasites, eclogites, various barophilic minerals (including ones of diamond facies), and diamonds. The kimberlite pipes are composed of petrographically diverse rocks: tuffstones, tuff breccias, kimberlite breccias, autolithic kimberlite breccias, and massive porphyritic kimberlites. In mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical compositions the studied kimberlites are most similar to group I kimberlites of South Africa and Fe-Ti-kimberlites of the Arkhangel’sk diamondiferous province. Comparison of the mineralogical compositions of kimberlites from southwestern Angola showed that the portion of mantle (including diamondiferous) material of depth facies in kimberlite pipes regularly increases in the S-N direction. The northern diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes are localized in large destructive zones of NE strike, and the central and southern diamond-free pipes, in faults of N-S strike.     

A new body of highly diamondiferous kimberlites in the Nakyn field of the Yakutian kimberlite province

We report the first data on the contents of main oxides and REE in rocks and the compositions of pyropes and almandines from the Maiskoe kimberlite body recently discovered in the Nakyn field of the Yakutian kimberlite province.The kimberlites are characterized by low contents of Ti, a slight domination of Mg over Ca, and high contents of K₂O in some samples. The pyropes have high contents of Cr₂O₃ (up to 14.5 wt.%); many of them (～16%) are poor in Ca. In petrochemical and mineralogical features the kimberlites of the Maiskoe body are complementary to the highly diamondiferous kimberlites of the nearby Botuobinskaya and Nyurbinskaya pipes. At the same time, they are not the final link in the evolution of kimberlite magmatism in the Nakyn field, which makes the latter still more promising for diamonds.