岩浆混合作用研究综述

本文详细阐述了近年来国内外对岩浆混合作用的研究进展,集中在混合作用的验证及地幔物质参与对混合作用的影响。从能量、物质运移的角度认识岩浆混合作用,以揭示上地幔、地壳的信息,并为认识区域构造一岩浆演化提供约束。综合归纳了岩浆混合作用主要的研究方法,系统总结了混合作用发生的规律及主要影响因素,并应用已有理论和数据进行简单的数值模拟,合理解释岩脉的不混合特征。作为壳一幔间物质与能量交换的重要形式,阐述了岩浆混合与底侵作用的关系,并介绍了常见的岩浆混合作用岩石成因模型。最后说明了岩浆混合作用今后的发展趋势和存在问题。     

有关混合岩和混合岩化作用的一些问题——对半个世纪以来某些基本认识的回顾

本文首先论述了混合岩和混合岩化作用的一些基本特征(四大特征)。提出了混合岩和有关岩石的混合岩化程度的分类,即三分为部分混合岩化的岩石、混合岩和混合花岗质岩石三大类。论述了确定混合化岩石下界的五个综合标志及混合花岗质岩石的八大特征等,还讨论了部分混合岩化岩石的命名问题。最后从混合岩化作用的地质背景将其分为三类:区域性混合岩化作用、边缘混合岩化作用及断裂带混合岩化作用,并对各自的特征进行了讨论。     

盐溶液对石英粉-膨润土混合土渗透系数的影响与表征

采用变水头渗透试验对蒸馏水与不同浓度的NaCl、CaCl₂溶液下石英粉-膨润土混合土的渗透系数进行了测定,为探讨盐溶液及膨润土含量对混合物渗透系数的影响作用机理,使用核磁共振试验(MRI)、环境扫描电镜(ESEM)对混合物在不同盐度溶液下的孔隙分布特征进行分析。结果表明：在盐溶液作用下,石英粉-膨润土混合土的渗透系数明显增加,其孔隙分布也具有明显的差异。推断盐溶液对渗透系数的影响是由于混合土的孔隙变化引起的。最后利用黏粒孔隙比(e_b)的概念,建立了一种考虑盐溶液作用下石英粉-膨润土混合土渗透系数的表征公式,与已有预测公式相比,新建表征公式能够较好地预测盐溶液作用下石英粉-膨润土混合土的渗透系数。     

咸阳城区热储流体混合作用研究及模拟计算

应用水文地球化学模拟方法对咸阳城区热储流体混合作用分析和混合比例的计算.结合研究区的地热地质和水文地质条件,进行地下热水混合作用和混合程度的研究.结果表明,咸阳城区地下热水在不同程度上都存在与较低温度地下热水的混合作用。应用PHREEQC模拟软件、稳定同位素D和温度计算热水与冷水的混合比例,估算在平衡条件下咸阳城区地下热水与冷水的混合比例在0.09～0.63之间。     

地热系统中的混合作用及其应用研究

地 热系统中冷水和热水的混合作用是一种非常普遍的现象。它伴随在地热流体循环的个过程之中。本文在分析混合地热水的主要标志的基础上，重点探讨了混合物水化学效应，最后对冰岛Ｈｒｉｓｅｙ热田的混合作用实例进行了研究。     

藏南亚东混合岩的成因及地质意义

高喜马拉雅结晶岩系中广泛发育规模不等、形态各异的混合岩,是研究地壳部分熔融作用的天然实验室。尽管观察表明,藏南许多混合岩与淡色花岗岩具有一定的时空联系,但混合岩与淡色花岗岩是否具有成因联系还存在较大的争议。本文对藏南亚东地区的混合岩中进行了野外地质、岩相学、岩石地球化学和年代学等研究。研究结果表明,亚东混合岩主要是部分熔融作用的产物,具有(近)原地熔融的特征,熔融方式以白云母和黑云母脱水熔融为主,并叠加了分离结晶作用。亚东混合岩与淡色花岗岩在成因上具有紧密联系。相关认识为建立造山带构造演化模型提供新的信息。     

江西横峰县港边岩浆混合杂岩体岩石学研究及其成因探讨

对我国港边岩浆混合杂岩体进行了系统的地质学、岩石学和矿物学研究，并将其分解为偏酸性端元岩浆、基性端元岩浆、混合岩浆和非岩浆混合物４个单元．从不同的角度探讨了岩浆混合和分离结晶作用同时发生对岩浆混合岩成分的制约，提出存在化学和机械两种岩浆混合方式，证明了它们与基性岩浆的侵入一起构成一个连续的岩浆作用序列．最后，在野外地质研究的基础上，结合端元岩浆起源和混合岩浆结晶ｐ－Ｔ条件的估算及端元岩浆形成构造背景的判别综合提出港边岩浆混合杂岩体的构造－岩浆模型     

Bogli混合溶蚀理论及其在实际应用中所存在的问题

以质量守恒定律、质量作用定律及水溶液的电中性条件为基础,对ＣＯ２水溶液中ＣａＣＯ３的溶解度进行了计算,根据计算结果,对Ｂｏｇｌｉ混合溶蚀作用图解法及其在实际应用中所存在的问题进行了探讨。结果发现,Ｂｏｇｌｉ混合溶蚀理论只是一种理想条件下的理论模型,它能够较好地解释ＣａＣＯ３－ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ系统中水溶液的混合溶蚀作用,但由于在自然条件下水溶液的成分较之理想系统要复杂得多,Ｂｏｇｌｉ混合溶蚀理论通常已不再适用      

不同酸液作用下牛蹄塘组页岩孔隙结构演化特征试验研究

孔隙结构是制约页岩气赋存与运移的重要因素。页岩致密、低渗,其孔隙度极低。酸液可溶蚀页岩中的部分矿物,使其孔隙增加,促进页岩内部的气体流动。论文利用稀盐酸、氢氟酸、混合酸分别对页岩试样进行了不同时间的酸化处理,应用扫描电镜(SEM)观测了酸化前后湖南牛蹄塘组页岩试样表面的孔隙。基于MATLAB对页岩酸化前后的电镜扫描结果进行了孔隙度分析,页岩试样孔隙度为10.68%,纯水、稀盐酸、氢氟酸、混合酸分别浸泡24 h后,试样孔隙度分别增加了1.21倍、1.3倍、2.61倍、2.99倍。利用扫描电镜能谱仪测试了酸化前后页岩的元素变化,分析了页岩试样与不同酸液反应的机理和反应程度。结果表明:1 h酸化后,氢氟酸作用后的页岩试样表面残有大量石英和黏土矿物;而混合酸作用后的页岩试样表面虽残有大量石英,但黏土矿物含量明显减小,混合酸液作用下黏土矿物更容易被溶蚀。混合酸溶液酸性最强,24 h酸化后,混合酸与石英和黏土矿物剧烈反应。混合酸作用后页岩的孔隙最为发育,促进了页岩渗透率的增加。     

川北砂岩-泥岩系混合作用地球化学特征

根据沉积岩混合作用判别原理,应用元素铬－钍判别法,判明川北砂岩－泥岩系为二元混合成因。再根据二元混合元素丰度关系定律,由混合变换式求出丰度关系常数,认为川北砂岩－泥岩系既具有互稀释混合作用,又具有稀释混合作用,进而可以对沉积岩端员物质组成进行估算。     

Magma hybridization in the Western Tatra Mts. granitoid intrusion (S-Poland, Western Carpathians)

In the Variscan Western Tatra granites hybridization phenomena such as mixing and mingling can be observed at the contact of mafic precursors of dioritic composition and more felsic granitic host rocks. The textural evidence of hybridization include: plagioclase?CK-feldspar?Csphene ocelli, hornblende- and biotite-rimmed quartz ocelli, plagioclase with Ca-rich spike zonation, inversely zoned K-feldspar crystals, mafic clots, poikilitic plagioclase and quartz crystals, mixed apatite morphologies, zoned K-feldspar phenocrysts. The apparent pressure range of the magma hybridization event was calculated at 6.1?kbar to 4.6?kbar, while the temperature, calculated by independent methods, is in the range of 810°C?770°C. U-Pb age data of the hybrid rocks were obtained by in-situ LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis of zircon. The oscillatory zoned zircon crystals yield a concordia age of 368?±?8?Ma (MSWD?=?1.1), interpreted as the age of magma hybridization and timing of formation of the magmatic precursors. It is the oldest Variscan magmatic event in that part of the Tatra Mountains.     

吉林省白山市二岔铁矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨

吉林省白山市二岔铁矿位于中朝准地台、辽东台隆、铁岭—靖宇台拱、龙岗断块中南部边缘,太古宙早期区域内发生幅度较大的拗陷,接受广泛巨厚的一套粘土质、砂质碎屑岩类沉积,其间夹有硅铁质沉积并伴有火山（基性）岩浆喷溢活动,太古宙末期强烈造山运动使这些沉积岩层发生强烈挤压,形成褶皱构造及区域性断裂。伴随强烈造山运动致使太古宙地体发生中、深度区域变质作用与混合岩化作用。区域变质作用和混合岩化作用,对本区火山沉积变质铁矿的形成具有重要意义。二岔铁矿已探明基础储量（122b）30.26万吨、资源量（333）11.44万吨     

滇中砂岩铜矿成矿过程中水－岩反应的证据与机理

从野外地质产状、岩石化学、有机岩石学、元素地球化学、有机地球化学等方面详细分析了滇中砂岩铜矿成矿过程中的水－岩反应证据，阐明了成矿过程中水－岩反应的机理，其中包括渗滤作用、扩散作用、混染作用、交代作用、交代溶蚀作用、氧化还原作用和沸腾作用     

Comments on the origin of ocellar quartz-gabbros

The contention that ocellar quartz-gabbros and other similar rocks are the result of isochemical recrystallization of hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, rather than the hybridization of basic rocks in contact with acid magma, is critically discussed.     

掺杂Fe、Cd闪锌矿电子结构的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,对掺Fe和(或)Cd的闪锌矿型Zn S的电子结构进行了计算。计算结果表明,纯闪锌矿的禁带宽度为2.85 e V;掺Fe浓度为3.125%的闪锌矿禁带宽度为2.58 e V,且Fe的3d和S的3p轨道杂化在禁带中引入了两条杂质能级;随着掺Fe量的增加,杂质能级的宽度和峰高也随之增大;掺Cd闪锌矿的禁带宽度为2.68 e V,并在下价带底引入一条杂质能级;Fe/Cd共掺杂的闪锌矿禁带宽度为2.49 e V,在禁带中出现的两条施主杂质能级可提高闪锌矿的可见光响应及催化能力。计算结果为深入探讨天然闪锌矿的可见光催化机制提供了理论支持。     

Effusive and intrusive complexes in west of Sarysu-Teniz watershed

The Sarysu-Teniz watershed is on a large, east-west trending arch in western Kazakhstan, within the Caledonian folded province. The lithologies, thickness, and ages of the main rock units are tabulated. The data are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that diverse cycles in the development of mobile zones may be identified on the basis of the sequence of igneous formations (both effusive and intrusive), their geochemistry and the associated metallogenesis, as well as by sedimentary relationships. Some data appear to suggest the existence of 1) separate, basic and acidic magma chambers for certain effusive formations, .2) common sources for effusive and intrusive acidic magmas, and 3) notable hybridization and differentiation. Geologic environment also appears to control or be reflected by the composition of magma. Metallogenesis similarly correlates with magma composition including hybridization and differentiation modifications. It seems on the basis of the now available data that prospecting for certain types of mineral deposits should be continued.—R. M. Dietrich.     

煎茶岭硫化镍矿床成岩成矿作用的同位素地球化学证据

笔者通过Re-Os同位素地球化学研究，在前人工作的基础上系统运用煎茶岭硫化镍矿床岩石及矿石的同位素资料对其成岩成矿作用进行了深入分析，认为煎茶岭超基性岩体自变质热液和蚀变流体主要来源于由岩浆水和地表水组成的混合水；其成岩物质来源于比较亏损的上地幔，但形成过程中有地壳硫的明显混染，岩浆同化混染富含硫、铁的围岩发生硫化作用，导致局部硫饱和发生硫化萃取作用而成矿，这是其成矿的重要机制。煎茶岭硫化镍矿床成矿过程中有含高放射性成因锇的壳源物质混染。多数矿石的锇同位素组成较接近富硫沉积物范围，反映地壳富硫围岩混染的效应；仅有一件矿石样品与地幔包体、球粒陨石地幔或科马提岩接近，暗示其深部地幔源区的性质。新元古代为煎茶岭镍矿床的主成矿期，形成大多数岩浆型矿石，但并不排除有一少部分矿石为后期热液作用形成。     

Synplutonic mafic injections into crystallizing granite pluton from Gurgunta area,northern part of Eastern Dharwar Craton: Implications for magma chamber processes

In this paper we document widespread coeval felsic-mafic magma interaction and progressive hybridization near Gurgunta in the northern part of Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) where mafic magma pulses have injected into a 2.5 Ga granite pluton. The pluton contains voluminous pink porphyritic facies with minor equigranular grey facies. The mafic body shows compositional variation from diorite to meladiorite with hornblende as the chief mafic mineral with lesser clinopyroxene and biotite. The observed variation on binary diagrams suggests that granite was evolved by fractional crystallization. Chemical characteristics such as higher Al₂O₃ and moderate to high CaO, Mg#, Ni, Cr, Co and V are interpreted by slab-melting. Mafic bodies show lower SiO₂, Na₂O and K₂O; but higher CaO, Mg#, FeO, Cr, Ni and V; higher LREE with moderate to higher HREE which suggest their derivation from mantle. A major active shear zone has played an important role at the time of synplutonic mafic injection and hybridization process. Field evidences suggest that the synplutonic mafic body has injected into the crystallizing felsic magma chamber in successive stages. The first stage injection has resulted in extensive mixing and hybridization due to the liquidus state of resident felsic magma to which hot mafic magma was injected. However, progressive mixing produced heterogeneity as the xenocrysts started mechanically dispersed into hybrid magma. The second stage injection, after a time gap, encountered colder and viscous hybrid magma in the magma chamber, which inhibited free injection. As a consequence, the mafic magma spread into magma chamber as flows, producing massive mafic bodies. However, with the continued mafic pulses and the heat gradient, the viscosity contrasts of mafic magma and felsic magma were again lowered resulting in second stage mixing. This episode was followed by mingling when the granite was almost crystallized, but still viscous enough to accommodate lamellar and ribbon like mafic penetrations to produce mingling. The successive mixing and mingling processes account for the observed heterogeneity in the granite pluton.     

新疆东准噶尔阿尔曼泰蛇绿构造混杂岩带中辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

阿尔曼泰蛇绿构造混杂岩带位于新疆东准噶尔,记录了古亚洲洋演化。对蛇绿构造混杂岩带中的辉长岩进行主量、微量、稀土元素及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年分析,发现辉长岩的原始岩浆来源于亏损地幔与大陆地壳之间,同时受到后期地壳物质的混染作用或来自消减残片的流体交代。锆石年龄为514.3±3.7Ma,推测阿尔曼泰蛇绿构造混杂岩带形成时代为中寒武世—早奥陶世。     

Magma mixing in the subvolcanic environment: petrology of the Gerena interaction zone near Seville,Spain

The mechanisms by which felsic and mafic magmas interact and approach a uniform hybrid composition through the processes of mingling and mixing have been studied in a high-level subvolcanic setting in the Spanish Hercynian at Gerena, near Seville. The compositions involved are calc-alkaline and the situation is one of tonalite-quartz diorite synplutonic dykes injected into a granitic magma chamber. The resulting hybrids include dykes, pillows and globules of tonalite with chilled margins which are variously disrupted and homogenised with the host granite. The present investigation is based on field and petrographic observations of hybridization textures, the identification of different stages in the crystallisation history of the tonalite through mineral textures, and the characterization of mineral compositions at these various stages. Proportions of the end-member magmas involved were obtained by major-oxide mixing models and tested satisfactorily with trace elements. A mechanistic model is presented to account for these observations which involves the early quenching of the tonalite when it was emplaced into the granite magma chamber. After high temperature crystallization had occurred the two magmas attained thermal equilibrium and disruption of the tonalite in the high energy regime of this subvolcanic complex resulted in dispersion of fragments and crystals through the granite giving rise to hybrid granodiorite compositions. It is argued that such high-energy flow conditions are a necessary requirement for effective hybridization in this environment in contrast to most large-scale magma chamber settings where mixing is driven by thermal and buoyancy contrasts.