哀牢山—金沙江裂谷系岩石中镁铁云母成分特征及其岩石学意义

本区的Ｍｇ－Ｆｅ云母是富镁黑云母及金云母，ＭＦ＞１．３５，属于富镁、富碱、高硅、贫铁类型云母。根据Ｍｇ－Ｆｅ云母的成分及形成的物化条件，表明其寄主岩石属于富碱，浅成一超浅成的幔源岩石。     

中国坡缕石晶体化学研究

本研究通过对坡缕石化学成分分析数据的系统数理统计分析及结合透射电镜研究提出了Al2O3、Fe2O3、Mgo同SiO2一样为坡缕石的自身氧化物组分，而CaO、K2O、Na2O、TiO2等为主要以吸附态存在的非自身氧化物成分。相应的坡缕石晶体化学式为（Mg、Al、Fe、）5SiO20。（OH）2：·4（H2O）·nH2O（□—空位）。Ala3 、Fe3 、Mg2 异价类质同象置换的线性方程为Mg2 =4．978－1．519（Al3 ＋Fe3 ）。穆斯堡尔谱、红外光谱及（020）面网晶格条纹象的分裂研究表明了阳离子占位形式：MIM2M3M3M1，其中边缘M1=（Fex3＋）（Mg），中间M3=（A13 ＋Fe3＋），M2=Al3 （缺Fe3 ）或M2=（Fe3 ＋Al3 ）或等于（Fe3 ）和（□）。坡缕石的Mg2 －Al3 －Fe3 组分三角形图解揭示了：富Fe外生沉积成因为主的土状坡缕石和贫Fe富Al的热液交代蚀变充填作用为主的纤维状坡缕石的成分成因分类。     

矿物对金属离子的竞争吸附实验研究

CaCO_3、石英、针铁矿、三水铝矿、高岭土、蒙脱石、水云母等矿物对Ag+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cd2+、Pb2+和Cr3+金属离子的竞争吸附实验研究表明，在近中性低离子强度溶液中，矿物单位表面积吸附金属离子的大小顺序是：CaCO3＞石英＞水云母＞高岭土＞蒙脱石＞针铁矿＞三水铝矿。这些矿物可分成3组：第一组的矿物有石英、针铁矿和高岭土等1：1层硅酸盐矿物及其他氧化物；第二组为三水铝矿、水镁石和蒙脱石等2:1层硅酸盐矿物；第三组是碳酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等含氧盐矿物。它们对于金属离子的吸附反应；＞SO－＋Mn+=＞SOM(n-1)+(n=1,2,3）有如下的显平衡常数KM与矿物介电常数ε的关系式：（1）lgk1M=7．813－26.15／ε（2）lgK2M－9．030－26.15／ε（3）lgK3M=11．65－26．15／ε     

苏州氟铁云母岩--富氟A型花岗岩浆的残余分异物

位于苏州A型花岗岩主体相晚阶段衍生物（碱长花岗岩）上部，基本上由新矿物－氟铁云母组成的单矿物岩，具有独特的产状、结构、构造、岩石化学、矿物学、地球化学和成矿作用特征。种种典型的宏观、微观地质特征和合成氟铁云母的实验资料揭示，氟铁云母岩主要是从A型花岗岩浆演化至晚阶段熔离出来的富F，Fe和亲石性矿化元素及富碱性元素（且K＞＞Na)而相对贫水的高温硅酸盐熔体中直接结晶固化所成。氟铁云母岩应属一种新的岩浆岩，依产地命名为姑苏岩。姑苏岩拟归入岩浆云英岩范畴为宜。提出了包括姑苏岩、含黄玉的石英－氟铁云母云英岩（苏州岩）和氟铁云母碱长花岗岩等在内的苏州A型花岗岩的成岩、成矿模式。     

藏东及邻区钾玄岩系岩石云母特征及其岩石学意义

青藏高原东部及邻区新生代钾玄岩系列岩石包括钾质碱性深成岩、火山岩、煌斑岩和偏酸性的斑岩。云母是钾玄岩系列岩石中的主要暗色矿物，分布亦较广泛。我们用单矿物化学分析方法测定本区钾玄武岩系四种岩石中云母和化学成分，其结果MF＝1．30－1．99，应为金云母－富镁黑云母，属于富碱富镁高铝贫铁类型的云母；云母的红外光谱，在450cm^-1和1000cm^-1附近都有很强的吸收谱带，显示了四种岩石中的云母具有类似的红外光谱特征；X光衍射测定，本区云母的d(060)为15．32nm-15.41nm，它们的晶胞参数变化不大，均为三八面体1M型云母。以上特征表明，本区钾玄岩系四种岩石中云母均形成于高碱度环境，它们与钙碱性系列岩石中云母形成的环境迥然不同。从四种岩石的云母具有相似的化学成分、红外光谱和晶胞参数，说明它们的寄生岩石具有钾岩的特征，其物源来自交代地幔。     

广东从化佛冈（主体）黑云母花岗岩定年和成因

佛冈黑云母花岗岩是大型东西走向的佛冈花岗质杂岩体的主体部分、占杂岩体面积的85％。粗等粒或巨晶斑状结构。由黑云母（2－6％），石英（35－41％），斜长石（An10-23,10-18%)和微纹长石（36－48％）组成，系黑云母花岗岩。黑云母具有低的Mg/(Mg+Fe)值（0.17-0.21)。据全岩－矿物Rb-Sr等时线定年其定位年龄为167.5±7.5Ma，MSWD为2.4(中侏罗世晚期）。在岩石化学成分上为富硅（SiO2在71.74-77.64%)，中等过铝质（A／NKC平均为1.056)，钼碱性－弱亚碱性（NK／A平均为0.797)，相对富K2O（K2O／Na2O为1.66)。在微量元素和稀土元素组成方面，显示Nb亏损，具有低Nb/Ta值（平均5.94)，高Rb/Sr(1.98-41.71)，Rb/Nb(11-23)和K／Nb(1498－2976值）；中－强Eu亏损（Eu/Eu在0.12-0.46)；高的（La/Sm)N值（1.67-5.39)等。在Sr,Nd,Pb,O同位素组成上，具有高的Isr值（0.7116±0.0023)和εSr(t)值（96－103）；低的εNd(t)值（－6.19--8.93)。据模拟计算，其源区岩石中华南上壳端元约占66－69％，高的^207Pb/^204Pb(15.734)和^206Pb/^204Pb值（18．962－19．049）位于铅构造模式图的上壳演化线域内，高δ^18O‰（＋9.3-+12.5)等。以上数据表明佛冈黑云母花岗岩系该区中－下地壳层次的源岩部分熔融而成，与华南S型花岗岩有相似之处。古太平洋板块（向西）与欧亚板块和菲律宾地块（向北）与南中国－印支地块的岩石圈消减作用导致的玄武岩底侵，对黑云母花岗岩的形成有一定的贡献。     

大兴安岭北端塔木兰沟组玄武质岩石的地球化学特征及构造背景

大兴安岭北部晚侏罗世塔木兰沟组玄武质岩石具有富碱（K2O＋Na2O〉5．45％），高K2O（2．15%-3．75％）、K2O／Na2O（0．48-1．12）和高的Th／Ta、Ce／Nb、Ta／Nb比值，以及强烈富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LKEE）的特征，属于钾玄质系列。现有资料分析表明，该钾玄质岩石形成于大陆板内环境。元素地球化学特征揭示，形成钾玄质岩石的原生岩浆经过强烈的结晶分异作用，并混染了前中生代的基底物质。     

云南洱海东部新生代岩浆岩岩石化学

洱海东部新生代岩浆岩Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄范围为２９～３７Ｍａ，属于第三纪。岩石有超基性、基性、中性和酸性碱性岩。岩石化学成分富碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ＝６．７～９．０％），钾销比值高（Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ＞ｌ），钛（ＴｉＯ２＝０．４９％）和铁（ＦｅＯ＝５．８８％）富集度较低，氧化程度高（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＦｅＯ＝０．６～４．６）等，属于典型的钾玄岩系列，有别于拉斑玄武岩系列、钙碱性系列和碱性玄武岩系列岩石。形成于陆内裂谷构造环境，其物质来源于交代的钾质富集型软流圈地幔源区。     

东秦岭北部富碱侵入岩岩石化学与分布特征

在东秦岭北部，富碱侵入岩的侵位与空间分布受同一个区域构造带（华并陆块南缘）控制，构成一个区域性的富碱岩浆岩带。根据岩石学和岩石化学研究，岩石类型主要分为三大类：（1）碱性岩类，即含有似长石或碱性暗色矿物的正长岩类；（2）碱性花岗岩类，包括钠铁闪石花岗岩及孪生的钾长花岗岩类；（3）石英正长岩类，包括碱性长石为主的石英正长岩、英碱正长岩和花岗正长（斑）岩类。根据富碱岩浆岩带的岩石化学特征，自北而南可以划分为三个亚带：北部碱性岩亚带，以SiO2饱和而l2O3不饱和出现碱性暗色矿物为特征；中部碱性花岗岩亚带，以SiO2强饱和而Al2O3不饱和出现碱性暗色矿物和大量石英为特征；南部石英正长岩亚带，以SiO2和Al2O3都饱和但CaO强烈亏损，缺乏Ca质斜长石，出现碱性长石占长石总量的绝对优势（一般＞95％）为特征。三个亚带富碱岩浆在化学成分方面虽有差异，但共同具有富碱高钾钙征，ALK＝10－15，K2O含量范围5％－15％，K2O／Na2O＝1．26－8．30。     

湘东北蕉溪岭富钠煌斑岩地球化学特征

湘东北蕉溪岭富钠煌斑岩是产于陆内拉张环境的一组特殊的岩石类型，包括闪斜煌斑岩、棕闪煌斑岩、闪辉正煌岩等。在岩石化学组成上，SiO2为45．78％－48．42％，K2O＋Na2O为5．05％－6．56％，属于碱性玄武岩系列，岩石以富集Na2O、TiO2、＜FeO＞、MgO，尤其以富钠为特征，K2O/Na2O平均值为0．41，在煌斑岩分类中属于钠质碱性煌斑岩。岩石∑REE较高，富LREE，不出现铕负异常，δEu平均值为1．04。岩石Rb-Sr等时线年龄为136．61Ma。岩石微量元素组成具有洋岛玄武岩（OIB）型特征，HREE明显亏损，不出现Ta、Nb、Ti的亏损以及LILE富集不明显，表明岩浆源区与岛弧环境无关，并且地壳物质混染程度很低。^87Sr/^86Sr初始比值0．705308－0．705366，εNd(t)为＋3．5－＋3．8，^143Nd/^144Nd初始比值0．512639－0．512654，具有较为均一的洋岛玄武岩（OIB）地幔源区性质，并且位于地幔排列线附近。推测区内存在地幔柱构造环境，岩石的形成是在软流圈地幔上涌条件下导致深剖地幔部分熔融产物，富钠碱性煌斑岩应具有其自身岩浆源。     

阿拉善断块富碱侵入岩岩石地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征及其意义

阿拉善断块富碱侵入岩具有硅过饱和(出现石英,w(SiO2)=62.01%~67.28%)、准铝(w(Al2O3)=12.20%~16.83%)、富碱(w(Na2O) +w(K2O) = 11. 14% ~ 14. 18%,里特曼指数σ= 6. 40 ~ 8. 65)、富钾(w(K2O)/w(Na2O)=1.01~1.79)和低铁、镁的特征。总稀土较高,稀土配分曲线呈陡右倾模式。微量元素强烈富集LILE和LREE,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti 和P。上述特征以及低钕(ε(Nd,t) = - 7. 3 ~ - 9. 4)高锶(ε(Sr,t)=+53.9~+99.9)的同位素特征反映物质来源主要与富集型上地幔有关,但受到不同程度壳源物质的混染作用。Nd、Sr、Pb联合示踪表明阿拉善断块富碱侵入岩与华北断块北缘印支期富碱侵入岩带具有相似性,但不同于塔里木北缘富碱侵入岩。结合时空分布、同位素组成以及所处的构造动力学体系等因素将阿拉善断块富碱侵入岩和燕辽—阴山印支期富碱性侵入岩带划归为同一印支期富碱性侵入岩带。指出至少到晚古生代—印支期时阿拉善断块已经与华北断块构成了一个整体。     

Garnet-amphibolites at Yokokawa in the Abukuma metamorphic belt,Japan

The mineralogy and petrochemistry of the garnet-amphibolites from the highgrade part of the Abukuma metamorphic belt have been studied, using five analyses of rocks, five of hornblendes, three of garnets and one analysis of cummingtonite, Garnetiferous amphibolites are rich in Fe, whereas non-garnetiferous ones are rich in Mg, especially in cummingtonite-amphibolite. The chemical composition of hornblendes associated with garnet is pargasitic and rich in FeO and poor in CaO, but that of non-garnetiferous rocks is rich in MgO. The garnets are rich in almandine molecule. Mg/Mg + Fe²⁺ ratios of both hornblendes and garnets correspond with those of the host rocks. The development of garnet in the Adirondack metabasites belonging to the upper almandine-amphibolite and granulite facies is observed in Mg-rich rocks as well as in Fe-rich rocks, in which both garnet and hornblende are rich in Mg respectively. However, under the conditions of the andalusite-sillimanite type metamorphism as shown in the Abukuma Plateau, Fe-rich garnet occurs in Fe-rich basic rocks, but cummingtonite occurs in Mg-rich ones instead of Mg-rich garnet. Finally, the problem of polymetamorphism is discussed. The cummingtonite-amphibolite may be the product of polymetamorphism, and Mg-rich garnet which had been present previously was decomposed to cummingtonite and plagioclase by the subsequent regional metamorphism of andalusite-sillimanite type.     

Chloritoid-bearing rocks associated with blueschists and eclogites, northern New Caledonia

Abstract Chloritoid-bearing metasedimentary rocks occur in close proximity to blueschists and eclogites in the Tertiary high-pressure metamorphic belt of northern New Caledonia. The typical assemblage of chloritoid-bearing rocks in the epidote zone is quartzchlorite-muscovite-garnet-chloritoid. In the omphacite zone, epidote is an additional member of the chloritoid-bearing assemblage. Paragonite is rare, plagioclase was not detected, and rutile and ilmenite are the Fe-Ti oxide phases. Chloritoid-glaucophane is not a common assemblage. Chloritoid-bearing rocks have relatively low (Ca+K+Na)/Al ratios and the chloritoids are relatively Mg-rich with Mg/ (Mg+Fe) up to about 0.4. A comparison of the mineral assemblages and mineral chemistry with experimental and computed phase equilibria suggest an upper temperature limit near 560° C in the omphacite zone and a minimum temperature limit near 450° C at 10 kbar. An empirical garnet-chlorite Fe-Mg exchange thermometer does not yield consistent results for the higher-grade rocks, suggesting T s ranging from 390 to 535° C in the omphacite zone and 420–465° C in the epidote zone. The distribution coefficient K _D = (Fe/Mg)_ctd/(Fe/Mg)_chl for chloritoid and chlorite ranges from 3.9 to 6.4, values which are lower than those (=10) from lower greenschist facies rocks, but are near those of upper greenschist facies and albite-epidote amphibolite facies.     

Chloritization of the hydrothermally altered bedrock at the Igarapé Bahia gold deposit,Carajás,Brazil

The Igarapé Bahia gold deposit has developed from weathering of a near-vertical hydrothermal Cu (Au) mineralization zone. The unweathered bedrock composed of chlorite schists is mainly metamorphosed basalts, pyroclastic and clastic sedimentary rocks and iron formation. Contents and Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios of chlorites increase from distal country rock towards the mineralization zone, which can be attributed to different water/rock ratios and locations in a hydrothermal system. In the hydrothermal system high salinity fluids convected through basin-floor rocks, stripping metals from the recharge zones with precipitation in discharge zones. The chlorite with lower Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios indicates alteration by relatively unreacted Mg-rich fluids, occurring within recharge zones. By contrast, the chlorite with higher Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios in the mineralization zone formed from solutions rich in Fe, Mn, Au, Cu, H₂S and SiO₂ within a discharge zone. The iron formation could also be formed within the discharge zone or on the basin floor from the Fe-rich fluids. The distal country rock with less chlorite content is a hydrothermal product at low water/rock ratios whereas the proximal country rock and the host rock with more chlorite content formed at high water/rock ratio conditions. The Al(IV) contents of chlorites indicate that the formation temperatures of these rocks range from 204 to 266 °C, with temperatures slightly increasing from distal country rock towards the mineralization zone.     

星叶石族矿物的晶体化学

星叶石是碱性岩中分布较广泛的副矿物,成分富含碱金属K、Na及Ti,随其产出的地球化学条件,类质同象代换情况较复杂,形成许多成分异种。本工作之前对其组成和性质都不十分清楚,前人虽进行了一般矿物学研究,但未能确定所属晶系,B.C.索波列夫曾推断星叶石中Ti呈四面体配位,并与硅氧四面体组成复杂构造。     

Phase Equilibria of Amphibolites from the Post Pond Volcanics, Mt. Cube Quadrangle, Vermont

Amphibolites of the Post Pond Volcanics, south-west corner ofthe Mt. Cube Quadrangle, Vermont, are characterized by a greatdiversity of bulk rock types that give rise to a wide varietyof low-variance mineral assemblges. Original rock types arebelieved to have been intrusive and extrusive volcanics, hydrothermallyaltered volcanics and volcanogenic sediments with or withoutadmixtures of sedimentary detritus. Metamorphism was of staurolite-kyanitegrade. Geothermometry yields a temperature of 535 ± 20°C at pressures of 5–6 kb. Partitioning of Fe and Mg between coexisting phases is systematic,indicating a close approach to chemical equilibrium was attained.Relative enrichment of Fe/Mg is garnet > staurolite >gedrite > anthophyllite cummingtonite hornblende > biotite> chlorite > wonesite > cordierite dolomite > talc;relative enrichment in Mn/Mg is garnet > dolomite > gedrite> staurolite cummingtonite > hornblende > anthophyllite> cordierite > biotite > wonesite > chlorite >talc. between coexisting amphiboles varies as a function ofbulk Fe/Mg, which is inconsistent with an ideal molecular solutionmodel for amphiboles. Mineral assemblages are conveniently divided into carbonate+ hornblende-bearing, hornblende-bearing (carbonate-absent)and hornblende-absent. The carbonate-bearing assemblages allcontain hornblende + dolomite+ calcite + plagioclase (andesineand/or anorthite) + quartz with the additional phases garnetand epidote (in Fe-rich rocks) and chlorite ± cummingtonite(in magnesian rocks). Carbonate-bearing assemblages are restrictedto the most calcic bulk compositions. Hornblende-bearing (carbonate absent) assemblages occur in rocksof lower CaO content than the carbonate-bearing assemblages.All of these assemblages contain hornblende + andesine ±quartz + Fe-Ti oxide (rutile in magnesian rocks and ilmenitein Fe-rich rocks). In rocks of low Al content, cummingtoniteand two orthoamphiboles (gedrite and anthophyllite) are common.In addition, garnet is found in Fe-rich rocks and chlorite isfound in Mg-rich rocks. Several samples were found that containhornblende + cummingtonite + gedrite + anthophyllite ±garnet +chlorite + andesine + quartz + Fe-Ti oxide ±biotite. Aluminous assemblages contain hornblende + staurolite+ garnet ± anorthite/bytownite (coexisting with andesine)± gedrite ± biotite ± chlorite ±andesine ± quartz ± ilmenite. Hornblende-absentassemblages are restricted to Mg-rich, Ca-poor bulk compositions.These rocks contain chlorite ± cordierite ± staurolite± talc ± gedrite ± anthophyllite ±cummingtonite ± garnet ± biotite ± rutile± quartz ± andesine. The actual assemblage observeddepends strongly on Fe/Mg, Ca/Na and Al/Al + Fe + Mg. The chemistry of these rocks can be represented, to a firstapproximation, by the model system SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–FeO–CaO–Na₂O–H₂O–CO₂;graphical representation is thus achieved by projection fromquartz, andesine, H₂O and CO₂ into the tetrahedron Fe–Ca–Mg–Al.The volumes defined by compositions of coexisting phases filla large portion of this tetrahedron. In general, the distributionof these phase volumes is quite regular, although in detailthere are a large number of phase volumes that overlap otherphase volumes, especially with respect to Fe/Mg ratios. Algebraicand graphical analysis of numerous different assemblages indicatethat every one of the phase volumes should shift to more magnesiancompositions with decreasing µ_H2O. It is therefore suggestedthat the overlapping phase volumes are the result of differentassemblages having crystallized in equilibrium with differentvalues of µ_H2O or µ_CO2 and that the different valuesmay have been inherited from the original H₂O and CO₂ contentof the volcanic prototype. If true, this implies that eithera fluid phase was not present during metamorphism, or that fluidflow between rocks was very restricted.     

Chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline from the Paleoproterozoic Houxianyu borate deposit,NE China: Implications for the origin of borate deposit

The Houxianyu borate deposit in northeastern China is one of the largest boron sources of China, hosted mainly in the Paleoproterozoic meta-volcanic and sedimentary rocks (known as the Liaohe Group) that are characterized by high boron concentrations. The borate ore-body has intimate spatial relationship with the Mg-rich carbonates/silicates of the Group, with fine-grained gneisses (meta-felsic volcanic rocks) as main country rocks. The presence of abundant tourmalinites and tourmaline-rich quartz veins in the borate orebody provides an opportunity to study the origin of boron, the nature of ore-forming fluids, and possible mineralization mechanism. We report the chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmalines from the tourmaline-rich rocks in the borate deposit and from the tourmaline-bearing fine-grained gneisses.Tourmalines from the fine-grained gneisses are chemically homogeneous, showing relatively high Fe and Na and low Mg, with δ¹¹B values in a narrow range from +1.22‰ to +2.63‰. Tourmalines from the tourmaline-rich rocks, however, commonly show compositional zoning, with an irregular detrital core and a euhedral overgrowth, and have significantly higher Mg, REE (and more pronounced positive Eu anomalies), V (229–1852 ppm) and Sr (208–1191 ppm) than those from the fine-grained gneisses. They show varied B isotope values ranging from +4.51‰ to +12.43‰, which plot intermediate between those of the terrigenous sediments and arc rocks with low boron isotope values (as represented by the δ¹¹B = +1.22‰ to +2.63‰ of the fine-grained gneisses of this study) and those of marine carbonates and evaporates with high boron isotope values. In addition, the rim of the zoned tourmaline shows notably higher Mg, Ti, V, Sn, and Pb, and REE (particularly LREEs), but lower Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, and lower δ¹¹B values than the core. These data suggest that (1) the sources of boron of the borate ore-body are mainly the Paleoproterozoic meta-volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and (2) the ore-forming fluids should be the high temperature metamorphic fluids related to the amphibolite-facies metamorphism of the Paleoproterozoic foldbelt, which leach boron from the boron-rich meta-volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Liaohe Group, and the boron-rich metamorphic fluids subsequently interacted with the marine Mg-rich carbonates and evaporates, forming borate deposit, the tourmaline overgrowth in the rim and the tourmaline-rich rocks.     

华熊联合地体的证据

华北地南缘原划分的华熊地体可进一步划分出小秦岭,崤山,熊耳山和鲁山４个地体,它们之间均由ＮＥ－ＮＮＥ向边界断裂所分隔在基底地层层序,岩石组合,岩石主元素和稀土元素,岩浆作用成矿作用以及地球物理特征等方面存在一系列差异。它们先经历了各自独立的形成过程,后在l850±l50Ma的中岳运动中,这些分散的范围较小的火山活动中心所形成的地体才逐渐拼贴在一起构成了华熊联合地体。     

辐照条件下绿柱石通道中顺磁配合物的ESR行为

四川平武贫铁富碱型无色绿柱石通道中主要存在碱氢化物（NaH)、[Fe2(OH)4]^2 多聚合离子及OH自由基，在电子辐照作用下，通道中顺磁配合物的结构、带电性质及化学键易发生转型、裂解和变价，并形成自旋浓度不等的[H^0]i心（裂距为500G,g值分别为2．175，1．8774的二重超精细结构线）、[Fe^3 ]OH(g=2.0031)和[Fe4^3 ]s(g=4.3172)等辐照损伤心。[Fe^3 ]OH心属一种有效的电子陷阱，其热稳定性大于[Fe4^3 ]s心。绿柱石杂质铁离子的占位方式，与成矿物理、化学条件及成矿流体的pH值密切相关。由电子辐照作用而导致杂质离子价态的转变，属一种可逆的动态平衡过程。     

The mineral chemistry of hydrothermally altered and metamorphosed wall-rocks at the Stollberg Fe-Pb-Zn-Mn(-Ag) deposit,Bergslagen, Sweden

The c. 1.9 Ga old Stollberg sulphide and Mnrich skarn iron ores and sulphide ores in Bergslagen, south-central Sweden are hosted by hydrothermally altered and metamorphosed felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. The ores are underlain by comformable alteration zones characterized by albite-gedrite-quartz and biotite-muscovite-plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz +/– garnet assemblages. The present mineralogies are interpreted as medium-grade metamorphic equivalents to the original alteration mineral assemblages. PT-conditions during prograde regional metamorphism are semiquantatively determined to be 510 to 560 °C at approximately 3 kbar. With increasing modal content of gedrite and biotite in the alteration zones, the Mg/Fe ratios and X_Mg's in octahedral positions of these minerals also increase. In the gedrite-bearing strata, whole-rock Mg/Fe ratios remain constant, whereas in the biotite-rich unit the wholerock Mg/Fe trend is parallel to that of the biotites.The trends in the metamorphic mineral composition are interpreted to be a product of original changes in fluid composition during the evolution of a sub-seafloor hydrothermal system. During the initial stage of alteration, Fe-Mn-rich fluids altered the rocks, and during a later stage, the fluids became more Mg-rich, possibly due to entrainment of fresh seawater, and the alteration zones became relatively more Mg-rich. Sulphide precipitation was contemperaneous with Mg metasomatism, suggesting base metal precipitation was a function of the mixing of cool seawater with hydrothermal fluid. It is proposed that early hydrothermal alteration was associated with the deposition of areally extensive Fe-oxide formation, and that Mg metasomatism defines a second stage of hydrothermal activity during which sulphide mineralization overprinted the earlier formed Fe-oxide deposit.