鲁西地区新太古代中期岩浆活动——新甫山与上港等岩体锆石SHRIMPU—Pb定年的证据

新甫山、上港岩体分布于鲁西新太古代早期泰山岩群和英云闪长质片麻岩、条带状英云闪长质片麻岩组成的古陆核的东北部。主要岩性为片麻状花岗闪长岩及片麻状奥长花岗岩。根据新的锆石SHRIMPU—Pb定年结果,片麻状花岗闪长岩形成年龄为（2613±12）Ma,片麻状奥长花岗岩形成年龄为（26234±9）Ma,为新太古代中期形成。在泰山桃花峪一下港之间出露的条带状英云闪长质片麻岩中奥长花岗质脉体锆石U—Pb年龄在2660～2600Ma。该期岩体是新太古代早期英云闪长质片麻岩发生变质作用与重熔岩浆作用的产物。     

华北克拉通南缘龙王Chuang碱性花岗岩U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

华北克拉通南缘发育一系列碱性岩体,前人曾划出3个碱性岩带,龙王碱性岩位于中带,对该岩体形成的确切时代仍有较大争议。一些学者将该岩体作为晋宁期伸展体制下形成的碱性岩,并认为这期岩浆活动与扬子北缘同时代的裂解型岩浆活动可以对应。作者等进行了TIMS和SHRIMP法锆石U-Pb年代学研究。样品(T26)采自河南省栾川县庙子镇之北的卢氏管村西的钠铁闪石正长花岗岩。TIMS法U-Pb上交点年龄为1637Ma±33Ma,SHRIMP法206Pb/238U和207Pb/206Pb表面年龄平均值分别为1611Ma±19Ma和1625Ma±16Ma,3组年龄在误差范围内一致。我们选择SHRIMP法207Pb/206Pb表面年龄平均值1625Ma±16Ma作为龙王正长花岗岩的形成时代。因此,龙王碱性花岗岩是华北克拉通1.8～1.6Ga裂解过程中最晚期碱性岩浆活动的产物。石童石童石童     

西藏念青唐古拉山闪长质片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄

采用高精度离子探针(SHRIMP)测年方法对西藏念青唐古拉山英云闪长质和石英闪长质正片麻岩中锆石的成因和形成时代进行了研究。在阴极发光图像中,片麻岩中的锆石具有较好的晶形,并显示出清晰的岩浆锆石韵律环带结构。离子探针分析表明,片麻岩中的锆石具有高的Th/U比值。对2颗片麻岩中的锆石进行了离子探针U-Pb测年,测得英云闪长质和石英闪长质片麻岩中的锆石206Pb/238U结晶年龄分别为58.5Ma±0.7Ma和63.5Ma±0.8Ma。这一结果意味着念青唐古拉山正片麻岩形成于安第斯型的冈底斯岩浆作用期间。     

西藏念青唐古拉山闪长质片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄

采用高精度离子探针(SHRIMP)测年方法对西藏念青唐古拉山英云闪长质和石英闪长质正片麻岩中锆石的成因和形成时代进行了研究.在阴极发光图像中,片麻岩中的锆石具有较好的晶形,并显示出清晰的岩浆锆石韵律环带结构.离子探针分析表明,片麻岩中的锆石具有高的Th/U比值.对2颗片麻岩中的锆石进行了离子探针U-Pb测年,测得英云闪长质和石英闪长质片麻岩中的锆石206Pb/238U结晶年龄分别为58.5Ma±0.7Ma和63.5Ma±0.8Ma.这一结果意味着念青唐古拉山正片麻岩形成于安第斯型的冈底斯岩浆作用期间.     

内蒙古达茂旗花岗岩类LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对内蒙古达茂旗北部构造单元的巴特敖包岛弧带2个花岗闪长岩岩体样品和南部构造单元一个花岗岩岩体的2件样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。北部构造单元采自2个花岗闪长岩岩体的样品锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为468Ma±2Ma和452Ma±3Ma,代表了这2个岩体的侵位时间,表明古亚洲洋向华北克拉通之下俯冲不晚于468Ma±2Ma;南部构造单元采自同一花岗岩岩体的2件样品获得的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为268Ma±2Ma和264Ma±2Ma,和该单元西部岩体已有的锆石年龄相符。这为华北克拉通北缘岩浆作用研究提供了新的年代学证据。     

内蒙古武川西乌兰不浪地区早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP定年及Hf同位素组成

本文报道了华北克拉通西部武川西乌兰不浪地区太古宙变质基底的锆石SHRIMP年龄和Hf同位素组成。一个片麻状奥长花岗岩样品的锆石具核边结构,核部岩浆锆石和边部变质锆石的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2692±17Ma和2528±16Ma。对9个样品进行了锆石Hf同位素分析。新太古代早期(2692～2697Ma)片麻状奥长花岗岩(2个样品)的岩浆锆石的εHf(t)、tDM1(Hf)和tDM2(Hf)分别为4.78～8.83、2646～2780Ma和2632～2845Ma;新太古代二辉麻粒岩(2个样品)中的捕获锆石的εHf(t)、tDM1(Hf)和tDM2(Hf)分别为-2.30～8.62、2543～2954Ma和2529～3189Ma;新太古代变质深成岩(4个样品)的岩浆锆石的εHf(t)、tDM1(Hf)和tDM2(Hf)分别为-2.60～8.09、2529～2880Ma和2538～3089Ma;古元古代蓝晶石榴长英质片麻岩(1个样品)的碎屑锆石的εHf(t)、tDM1(Hf)和tDM2(Hf)分别为1.52～6.59、2432～2774Ma和2498～2925Ma。结合前人研究结果,可得出如下结论和认识:1)该区存在新太古代早期片麻状奥长花岗岩,太古宙岩石在新太古代晚期普遍遭受高级变质作用影响;2)新太古代早期为该区地壳形成主要时期,新太古代晚期则主要表现为陆壳物质再循环;3)作为阴山地块的典型代表,固阳-武川地区与华北克拉通东部太古宙基底十分类似,可能表明华北克拉通在新太古代晚期已成为统一的整体。     

冀东青龙地区新太古代朱杖子群和单塔子群形成时代：锆石SHRIMP U Pb定年

本文报道了冀东青龙地区新太古代朱杖子群和单塔子群变质岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果。朱杖子群底部张家沟组砾岩中的TTG砾石、花岗岩砾石和基质的岩浆锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2515±9 Ma (MSWD=1.9)、2510±10 Ma (MSWD=1.6)和2512±7 Ma (MSWD=1.0),朱杖子群底部张家沟组黑云斜长片麻岩碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2540±6 Ma (MSWD=1.6),朱杖子群桲罗台组变质酸性火山岩岩浆锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2516±8 Ma (MSWD=1.1),单塔子群鲁杖子组黑云变粒岩碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2504±7 Ma (MSWD=1.8),另有一个数据点的207Pb/206Pb年龄为3.04 Ga。根据本文定年结果和前人资料,获得主要结论如下：朱杖子群和单塔子群形成于新太古代晚期,很可能为岛弧环境的产物; 朱杖子群与下伏单塔子群之间虽存在角度不整合关系,但时间间断不长,朱杖子群底部张家沟组砾岩不具有底砾岩性质;③绿片岩相—角闪岩相的朱杖子群和单塔子群与角闪岩相—麻粒岩相的遵化深变质绿岩带—三屯营—太平寨—迁安岩浆杂岩区变质程度差异很大,但形成时代相同,是后期构造作用把它们置于同一地壳平面。     

哈尔里克山早古生代岩浆弧的初步确定——来自塔水河一带花岗质岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年的证据

哈尔里克山南坡塔水河一带花岗质岩体的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果显示:钾长花岗岩中的锆石8个测点的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(462±9)Ma;花岗闪长岩中的锆石8个测点的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(447±11)Ma;石英闪长岩中的锆石8个测点的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(448±7)Ma。这些年龄值是在哈尔里克古生代复合岛弧带首次获得的中—晚奥陶世中酸性侵入岩的时代,为探讨该古生代复合岛弧带的构造发展历史提供了新的资料。     

冀东青龙地区新太古代朱杖子群和单塔子群形成时代:锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

本文报道了冀东青龙地区新太古代朱杖子群和单塔子群变质岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果。朱杖子群底部张家沟组砾岩中的TTG砾石、花岗岩砾石和基质的岩浆锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2515±9Ma(MSWD=1.9)、2510±10Ma(MSWD=1.6)和2512±7Ma(MSWD=1.0),朱杖子群底部张家沟组黑云斜长片麻岩碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2540±6Ma(MSWD=1.6),朱杖子群桲罗台组变质酸性火山岩岩浆锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2516±8Ma(MSWD=1.1),单塔子群鲁杖子组黑云变粒岩碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2504±7Ma(MSWD=1.8),另有一个数据点的207Pb/206Pb年龄为3.04Ga。根据本文定年结果和前人资料,获得主要结论如下:朱杖子群和单塔子群形成于新太古代晚期,很可能为岛弧环境的产物;朱杖子群与下伏单塔子群之间虽存在角度不整合关系,但时间间断不长,朱杖子群底部张家沟组砾岩不具有底砾岩性质;③绿片岩相—角闪岩相的朱杖子群和单塔子群与角闪岩相—麻粒岩相的遵化深变质绿岩带—三屯营—太平寨—迁安岩浆杂岩区变质程度差异很大,但形成时代相同,是后期构造作用把它们置于同一地壳平面。     

苏鲁仰口超高压岩石SHRIMP锆石U/Pb定年与部分熔融时限

在大型碰撞造山带中,在陆壳物质深俯冲或快速折返早期,在超高压-高压条件下,易熔组分可能发生水致或脱水部分熔融,形成花岗质熔体。在超高压-高压条件下,苏鲁超高压岩石发生过部分熔融作用,形成长英质多晶体包裹体和不同尺度的花岗质岩石, 导致可观的地球化学效应。为确定苏鲁超高压岩石部分熔融的时限,对山东仰口超高压副片麻岩和其中平行片麻理的同构造钾质花岗岩脉进行了SHRIMP锆石U/Pb地质年代学、全岩地球化学和锆石内矿物包裹体的研究。副片麻岩的锆石具有典型的核-幔-边结构。核部锆石为碎屑锆石,²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄大于282Ma,可能反映了副片麻岩的原岩包含不同成因的物质;幔部和边部的Th/U比都小于0.1,分别给出233±3Ma和214±4Ma的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U 年龄,分别对应于超高压变质和角闪岩相退变质年龄。同构造花岗岩脉是富钾过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.2),锆石也具有核-幔-边结构;核部锆石年龄与副片麻岩的核部锆石年龄相当,反映了该花岗岩脉的源区可能是变沉积岩;除幔部锆石的一个点具有²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为234.6±3.9Ma之外,其它幔部锆石位于谐和线附近,给出²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为220.8±2.9Ma, 该年龄代表着该花岗岩脉的形成年龄。上述数据表明,在仰口地区,超高压岩石的部分熔融作用早于角闪岩相退变质作用。     

Delineation of capture zones for municipal wells in fractured dolomite, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA

A wellhead protection study for the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA, demonstrates the necessity of combining detailed hydrostratigraphic analysis with groundwater modeling to delineate zones of contribution for municipal wells in a fractured dolomite aquifer. A numerical model (MODFLOW) was combined with a particle tracking code (MODPATH) to simulate the regional groundwater system and to delineate capture zones for municipal wells. The hydrostratigraphic model included vertical and horizontal fractures and high-permeability zones. Correlating stratigraphic interpretations with field data such as geophysical logs, packer tests, and fracture mapping resulted in the construction of a numerical model with five high-permeability zones related to bedding planes or facies changes. These zones serve as major conduits for horizontal groundwater flow. Dipping fracture zones were simulated as thin high-permeability layers. The locations of exposed bedrock and surficial karst features were used to identify areas of enhanced recharge. Model results show the vulnerability of the municipal wells to pollution. Capture zones for the wells extend several kilometers north and south from the city. Travel times from recharge areas to all wells were generally less than one year. The high seasonal variability of recharge in the study area made the use of a transient model necessary. Electronic Publication     

Correlation of hydraulic conductivity with stratigraphy in a fractured-dolomite aquifer, northeastern Wisconsin, USA

This study integrated surface and subsurface stratigraphic data with geophysical logs and hydrogeologic data in order to characterize the hydraulic properties of the Silurian dolomite in northeastern Wisconsin. Silurian stratigraphy consists of predictable alternations of characteristic facies associations. A vertical profile of hydraulic conductivity, obtained from short-interval packer tests in a core hole that penetrates a majority of the Silurian section, indicates that hydraulic conductivity ranges over five orders of magnitude (10^–1 to 10^–6 cm/s). Matrix conductivity is generally low and varies with texture; the finer-grained restricted-marine and transitional facies being less permeable than the coarser-grained open-marine facies. High-conductivity values are generally associated with bedding-plane fractures, and fracture frequency is greater in the restricted-marine facies. High-flow features in 16 wells were identified using fluid-temperature/resistivity and heat-pulse flowmeter logs. Natural-gamma logs were used to identify the stratigraphic position of flow features in each well and to correlate flow features to specific stratigraphic horizons. By combining stratigraphic, geophysical, and hydrogeologic data, 14 high-permeability zones within the Silurian aquifer have been identified and correlated in wells more than 16 km apart. These zones parallel bedding, appear most pronounced at contacts between contrasting lithologies, and are most abundant in restricted-marine lithologies. Electronic Publication     

On the radiogenic heat production of metamorphic,igneous, and sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks cover-73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ～204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2 O, but decrease with increasing FeO, MgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat production with increasing Al_2 O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2 O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2 O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks,aluminous shales are the highest heat producing(2.9 μW~(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing(1.7 μW m~(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere.     

Using saline tracers to evaluate preferential recharge in fractured rocks,Floyd County,Virginia, USA

Potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium bromide (KBr) tracers were used to explore the role of geologic structure on groundwater recharge and flow at the Fractured Rock Research Site in Floyd County, Virginia, USA. Tracer migration was monitored through soil, saprolite, and fractured crystalline bedrock for a period of 3 months with chemical, physical, and geophysical techniques. The tracers were applied at specific locations on the ground surface to directly test flow pathways in a shallow saprolite and deep fractured-rock aquifer. Tracer monitoring was accomplished with differential electrical resistivity, chemical sampling, and physical monitoring of water levels and spring discharge. KCl, applied at a concentration of 10,000 mg/L, traveled 160 m downgradient through the thrust fault aquifer to a spring outlet in 24 days. KBr, applied at a concentration of 5,000 mg/L, traveled 90 m downgradient through the saprolite aquifer in 19 days. Tracer breakthrough curves indicate diffuse flow through the saprolite aquifer and fracture flow through the crystalline thrust fault aquifer. Monitoring saline tracer migration through soil, saprolite, and fractured rock provided data on groundwater recharge that would not have been available using other traditional hydrologic methods. Travel times and flowpaths observed during this study support preferential groundwater recharge controlled by geologic structure.     

Small scale study of groundwater flow in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer at the St-Eustache quarry, Québec, Canada

A small-scale hydrogeological study was conducted in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer located in a quarry to relate groundwater flow to the fracture network. The field study in the St-Eustache quarry, which integrates structural surveys, well logging and hydraulic tests, showed that the most important features that affect groundwater flow in the sedimentary aquifer are high hydraulic conductivity horizontal bedding planes. Vertical fractures are abundant in the quarry and throughout the region, but they have a minor effect on groundwater flow. To have a significant impact on the flow regime and lead to vertical groundwater flow, the permeability of all vertical joints need to be enhanced compared to what was generally observed at the site. Such an increase in permeability could potentially occur where dissolution and fracturing is more intense or at stress release locations such as near the surface in the quarry.     

云南香格里拉洛吉乡基性-超基性岩中单斜辉石矿物成分特征及其地质意义

云南香格里拉洛吉乡出露一套基性-超基性岩块,前人对其属性的认识有分歧.岩相学研究发现该岩块具有正堆积结晶和补堆积结晶的特点,岩石化学特征具有贫碱、高钙和低氧逸度的特征,其母岩浆为亚碱性系列,并且显示出堆晶层状岩系演化特征.对其中的单斜辉石进行了矿物成分及化学成分研究,结果表明辉石种属为透辉石,晶体中类质同像替代现象普遍,阳离子取代特征显示出形成于高温低压的条件.温压计算结果表明透辉石形成平均温度为1 084℃,平均压力为0.15 GPa,结合岩石的成分和演化特征,认为该岩石形成于洋中脊,属洋壳组成的基性-超基性堆晶岩系,为甘孜-理塘延伸带的残余产物.     

Evidence for structurally controlled recharge in the Blue Ridge Province,Virginia, USA

Physical and geophysical data collected at a fractured-rock research site in the Blue Ridge Province of Virginia, USA indicate that recharge rates to a fractured-rock aquifer are controlled by a small-scale thrust fault associated with regional thrust faulting. Recharge rates appear to be correlated to spatial variation in the hydraulic conductivity of the regolith, which has been influenced by weathering rates and the metamorphic and structural history of the underlying parent material. The angle of dip of the thrust-fault shear zone and the fracturing within the crystalline rock adjacent to the fault plane appear to serve as geologic controls that preferentially direct infiltrated meteoric water to a deeper confined fractured-rock aquifer. In-situ analysis of electrical resistivity, matric potential and moisture content shows two distinctly different recharge processes which are spatially correlated with the structure of the shallow subsurface (regolith overlying the vertically oriented shear zone and regolith overlying the thrust-fault hanging wall), and which have strong temporal correlations with the dynamics of the underlying saturated conditions. Recharge flux within the regolith overlying the vertically oriented shear zone is strongly controlled by the orientation and areal extent of the thrust-fault shear zone, highlighting the importance of accurate delineation of recharge areas in crystalline rock aquifer systems.     

伊犁盆地石炭系—二叠系含油气性特征

伊犁盆地是在前震旦系基础上发展形成的双层结构盆地，即内裂谷盆地—山间陆相盆地。经多次造陆运动后，盆地内普遍缺失震旦系、下古生界、泥盆系、下三叠统和白垩系。盆地内的生油层主要为海相石炭系阿克沙克组、也列莫顿组，陆相二叠系院山萨依组、塔姆其萨依组。生油中心主要位于伊什基里克山—脱勒斯拜克山以北的湖盆区内。储层主要以二叠系、三叠系和保罗系的碎屑岩为主。伊犁盆地虽然经历了多期构造运动的影响，地质结构更加复杂，沉积中心的不断西移，但仍然在中新生代地层的地表及井下发现大量油气显示，表明该盆地具备生储油能力。该盆地有利与不利因素并存，对盆地的进一步勘探应加强基础研究工作，以避免盲目投入。     

变质火山岩、火山碎屑岩的绿片岩相成岩格子和成岩格子的若干特征

变质火山岩、火山碎屑岩的绿片岩相成岩格子可用阳起石—黑云母—方解石—绿泥石—绿帘石—白云母六相三元系和钠长石—阳起石—黑云母—方解石—绿泥石—绿帘石六相三元系成岩格子来表示,石英往往为过剩组分。在只讨论两个强度相同的变量前提下,每个六相三元系的成岩格子都只可能有一对成对的成岩格子,且这对成岩格子的非封闭双变区的分区相同、分区之间的边界斜率相同、相应的单变线的排列顺序也相同,因此,六相三元系的每个成岩格子中的不变点数、单变线数、和双变区数之间的关系可用数学式来表示。     

论新疆东部黄山──镜儿泉杂岩带的构造属性

相当多的研究者认为,新疆东部黄山-镜儿泉杂岩为蛇绿混杂岩,是板块俯冲的标志。本文的研究表明：该杂岩带的物质形成是弧间伸展的产物,后因弧间闭合,形成了现今所见的混杂岩。