武夷山成矿带南段桃溪环形区成矿规律和找矿方向

桃溪环形区是武夷山成矿带南段一个重要的矿集区,目前已探明的主要矿床有紫金山铜金矿、岩背锡矿和红山铜矿等大型矿床,它们是武夷山成矿带、乃至中国东部的典型矿床。本文从几个主要矿床的成矿物质来源、岩浆与成矿的关系、蚀变、矿床成因和成矿模式等方面,总结了桃溪环形区中生代与火山相关的铜多金属矿的区域成矿规律,并在综合分析前人地质找矿工作成果基础上,提出火山坳陷区边部斑岩发育区或火山机构发育区为桃溪环形区铜多金属矿的找矿远景区。     

武夷山成矿带桃溪隆起、岩浆侵入和区域铜多金属矿成矿作用

武夷山成矿带内矿区的最大特征就是分布有老地层和岩浆岩.老地层集中分布区——桃溪隆起区是武夷山隆起的一部分, 表现为变质核杂岩的特征, 其中分布着大中型铜多金属矿床和大量的多金属矿点, 如紫金山铜金矿、岩背锡矿和红山铜矿, 它们是武夷山成矿带乃至中国东部的典型特征.主要矿床的成矿年龄集中于130~90 Ma, 属燕山晚期; 成矿特征表现为斑岩型-岩浆热液型铜多金属矿.成矿斑岩体成岩时代90~140 Ma, 多为燕山期复式杂岩体的中晚期, 桃溪隆起区这种时空一致性是由于中生代晚期岩石圈拆沉的产物.桃溪隆起区在中生代晚期经历了岩石圈加厚期后的拆沉、软流圈物质侵入、岩浆作用及其伴随的成矿作用.这些认识对该区找矿部署具有重要的意义.      

滇西北红山铜钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其成矿意义

红山铜钼矿床是义敦岛弧南端格咱火山-岩浆弧中已探明规模最大的夕卡岩型铜矿床,近年来在其深部勘探过程中又发现斑岩型铜钼矿体.利用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年技术,分别对红山铜钼矿床中5件夕卡岩型矿石和1件斑岩型矿石中辉钼矿进行定年,首次获得红山铜钼矿床高精度成矿年龄.夕卡岩型矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为77.90 ～ 81.05Ma,加权平均值为79.32±0.87Ma,斑岩型矿石中辉钼矿模式年龄为80.71Ma,两者在误差范围内相一致;6件样品辉钼矿等时线年龄为80.0±1.8Ma,代表了红山铜钼矿床的成矿时代.辉钼矿中Re的含量为(4.074±0.035) ×l0-6～(94.21±0.75)×10-6,指示其物质来源以壳源为主,有少量幔源物质混入.红山铜钼矿床与格咱火山-岩浆弧燕山晚期岩浆侵入作用的高峰期及相关斑岩-夕卡岩型多金属矿床的成矿年龄一致,表明它们是弧陆碰撞的后造山伸展背景下同一区域地质事件的产物,该期夕卡岩-斑岩型铜钼多金属具有较大成矿潜力.     

福建紫金山矿田罗卜岭斑岩型铜钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os定年及地质意义

罗卜岭铜钼矿床是位于紫金山矿田北东侧的一个大型斑岩型铜钼矿床,铜钼矿体产于四方花岗闪长岩和罗卜岭花岗闪长斑岩体内。通过对该矿床11件代表性辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得的模式年龄为104.7±1.6～106.5±1.5Ma,等时线年龄为104.9±1.6Ma,与赋矿围岩的成岩年龄一致,表明罗卜岭铜钼矿床形成于早白垩世,属燕山晚期构造-岩浆活动产物。由于斑岩铜钼矿床为紫金山矿田成矿流体早期演化的产物,故认为紫金山矿田成矿流体演化起始于105Ma左右。     

西藏冈底斯东段斑岩铜钼铅锌成矿系统的发育时限：帮浦铜多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄证据

通过对西藏冈底斯成矿带东段的帮浦矿床中的辉钼矿进行Re_Os精确测年 ,首次获得北矿带的铜多金属矿化时间。其Re_Os模式年龄为 (14 .30± 0 .2 5 )Ma～ (14 .75± 0 .2 8)Ma ,5件样品得到的187Re_187Os等时线年龄为 (15 .32± 0 .79)Ma。年龄数据与冈底斯成矿带东段南侧斑岩铜矿化带的矿化时间 (14Ma左右 )具有一致性 ,表明北矿带的成矿作用与斑岩有关。斑岩成矿是冈底斯成矿带内的一次主导成矿事件 ,冈底斯南矿带以斑岩型铜钼矿床为主 ,其北矿带以斑岩型铜铅锌多金属矿床为主。冈底斯南、北矿带的成矿作用具有统一的成矿动力学背景 ,发生在碰撞造山带侧向伸展时期 ,均为陆_陆碰撞造山带演化过程中同构造岩浆活动期的产物     

滇西北红山晚白垩世花岗斑岩型Cu-Mo成矿系统及其大地构造学意义

红山铜多金属矿床位于滇西北中甸红山一带,其一直被认为是印支期夕卡岩型矿床。新的研究结果表明红山矿区存在两个成矿系统:1与印支期石英二长斑岩有关的夕卡岩型铜多金属成矿系统,其典型矿床是与石榴子石夕卡岩伴生的含铜磁铁矿体与磁黄铁矿体;2与花岗斑岩有关的斑岩型Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn成矿系统,其包括地表喷溢沉积成因的含铁钙硅质岩、可能为流体通道相的Cu-Mo多金属石英网脉与大脉、充填于岩溶洞穴中的层状Pb-Zn矿体、花岗斑岩内部的浸染状Cu-Mo矿化、及岩体外接触带夕卡岩型多金属矿床。含矿石英脉6个辉钼矿样品Re-Os模式年龄介于75.46~78.46Ma之间,等时线年龄为77Ma,红山矿区花岗斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床形成时代为晚白垩世。红山矿区晚白垩世花岗斑岩及其伴生斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床和大规模流体活动是滇西地区晚白垩世区域构造-流体-成矿体系的一部分,其形成与印度—亚洲大陆碰撞有关,据此可推断印度—亚洲大陆的碰撞作用及其伴生的大规模成矿作用在77Ma就已开始。红山矿区晚白垩世斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床成矿系统的厘定对于斑岩型矿床成矿流体结构模型和区域成矿与构造学的研究具重要的启示意义。     

江西省村前铜多金属矿床斜长花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

村前铜多金属矿床是产于钦杭成矿带东段的重要的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床,含矿岩体为黑云母斜长花岗斑岩和斜长花岗斑岩,具有多次侵入特点及钙碱性岩石的地球化学特征.本研究采用了LA-ICP-MS技术,首次对含矿的斜长花岗斑岩岩体中的锆石进行了U-Th-Pb同位素分析,获得其成岩年龄为(169.3±1.1 )Ma.这一年龄与钦杭成矿带中德兴花岗闪长斑岩、银山石英斑岩、冷水坑花岗斑岩、桐村花岗斑岩等岩体的年龄十分接近,揭示在钦杭成矿带175～156Ma经历了一次大规模的岩浆侵位与成矿事件,形成了众多与埃达克质或钙碱质花岗岩有关的斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,进一步说明钦杭成矿带在此时期在同一岩浆-动力背景下形成了斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿成矿系列.     

江西铜坑嶂钼矿和红山铜矿含矿斑岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

江西铜坑嶂钼矿和红山铜矿是在武夷山成矿带中最近发现的两个斑岩型矿床。本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法对铜坑嶂花岗斑岩和红山含矿花岗斑岩分别进行了年代学研究,获得铜坑嶂岩体中花岗斑岩的锆石年龄为138±1Ma,代表斑岩体侵位的年龄;红山矿区含矿斑岩的锆石年龄,分作两期,分别为99Ma和49Ma,两期不同的年龄可能代表了两期热事件。研究表明,铜坑嶂钼矿的成岩成矿时代均发生在白垩纪,其岩浆作用与成矿作用基本吻合。综合前人资料,认为铜坑嶂钼矿区的斑岩和红山铜矿区的斑岩可能分别形成于大陆弧后伸展带和岩石圈伸展环境。     

长江中下游成矿带陆内斑岩型矿床的成岩成矿作用

陆内环境斑岩型矿床的发现对斑岩成矿理论的完善具有重要意义。长江中下游成矿带作为中国东部重要的陆内成矿带之一,成矿带内发育多个重要的斑岩型矿床,如铜山口Cu-Mo矿床、鸡冠嘴Cu-Au矿床、白云山Cu矿、城门山Cu-Mo矿床、武山Cu-Mo矿床、丰山洞Cu-Au矿床、丁家山Cu矿、洋鸡山Au矿、沙溪Cu-Au矿床、冬瓜山Cu-Au矿床、舒家店Cu矿床和安基山Cu矿床等。本文选取成矿带内典型的、具有代表性的斑岩型矿床,对其地质特征(地层、构造、含矿斑岩、脉体特征和围岩蚀变)、成岩成矿年代、成矿岩体的岩石化学和成岩成矿地球化学等方面的研究资料和成果进行了系统总结,讨论和试图阐明长江中下游成矿带陆内斑岩型矿床的成岩成矿作用与成矿模式。研究显示,长江中下游成矿带形成于燕山期陆内造山过程,成矿斑岩岩浆活动和成矿作用主要发生于149~105Ma之间,进一步可以分为早、中、晚三阶段:149~135Ma、133~125Ma和123~105Ma,三阶段岩浆活动和成矿作用主要发生于成矿带中的断隆区,早阶段(149~135Ma)和晚阶段(123~105Ma)多为斑岩-矽卡岩型矿化,中阶段(133~125Ma)矿化为典型的斑岩型矿化。长江中下游成矿带内斑岩型矿床的含矿斑岩为高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列岩石,大部分具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,可能为源自富集地幔的岩浆和加厚下地壳部分熔融的岩浆混合的产物,源自富集地幔的基性岩浆对成矿具有至关重要的作用,它的混入使得混合岩浆富水、硫和金属(Cu、Au)等。进一步通过与岩浆弧环境的斑岩型矿床对比研究发现,长江中下游成矿带斑岩型矿床一般不发育高级泥化岩帽(advanced argillic liithocaps)以及浅部的高-中硫矿化蚀变系统,含矿岩浆源区性质和成矿物质来源等与岩浆弧环境的斑岩型矿床明显不同。     

冈底斯成矿带东段矿床成矿系列及找矿突破的关键问题研究

冈底斯成矿带是我国最重要的资源接续基地之一,其中冈底斯岩浆弧(III43)是最重要的Ⅲ级成矿带,研究程度最高在拉孜县-工布江达县长约600km、宽约90km范围内,已发现并评价了5个超大型矿集区:雄村铜金矿集区,厅宫-冲江铜多金属矿集区,甲玛-驱龙-邦铺铜多金属矿矿集区,蒙亚啊-洞中拉-亚贵拉多金属矿集区,程巴-努日钨钼铜矿集区。根据近年来的研究成果,厘定出与海西期火山作用、海西期裂谷构造有关的铅锌银矿床成矿系列组、印支-燕山期与沉积-构造岩浆作用有关的铜、金、铁、铅锌、银、钼矿床成矿系列组以及冈底斯成矿带内喜山期与构造岩浆、沉积作用有关的铜、金、铁、铅锌、银、钼、钨、铀、盐类矿床成矿系列组,包括6个矿床成矿系列和10个成矿亚系列。主要的矿床成矿亚系列为:与早侏罗世-晚侏罗世岛弧型中酸性火山岩-浅成岩建造有关的铜、金、银、铅锌矿床成矿亚系列,成矿年龄173～160Ma,雄村外围和拉萨以东广泛分布的叶巴组分布区是其主要找矿远景区;与古新世-始新世中酸性火山-中浅成岩浆建造有关的铅锌、银、钼、钨、铁矿床成矿亚系列(沙让式、亚贵拉式、洞中拉式),成矿年龄在65～38Ma,林周盆地-南木林盆地及其北侧的隆格尔断隆带是主要的找矿远景区;与中新世中酸性浅成岩浆建造有关的铜、钼、铅锌、钨、金、银矿床成矿亚系列(驱龙式、甲玛式、冲江-厅宫式、朱诺式、邦铺式),成矿年龄17～13Ma,冈底斯成矿带东段中带是主要的找矿远景区,尤其是含矿斑岩体接触带的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿,如新发现的普桑果矽卡岩型铜铅锌矿。成矿元素从南往北的分布规律为Cu-Au(斑岩型)→Mo-W(Cu)(斑岩-矽卡岩型)→Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn(Au、Ag)(斑岩-矽卡岩型)→Mo(Cu)(斑岩)→Pb-Zn-Mo-W-Fe(斑岩-矽卡岩型)→Pb、Zn(Ag)(热液脉型)。成矿时代从南往北的规律为173～154Ma(雄村)→40～20Ma(努日-程巴等)→17～13Ma(驱龙、甲玛等)→65～38Ma(沙让、亚贵拉等)。冈底斯成矿带强烈的燕山晚期、喜山期的黑云母花岗岩(花岗斑岩、石英斑岩)岩浆活动控制了矽卡岩型铜铅锌铁钼矿床的分布,形成岩体中Cu、Mo、W矿化,外围接触带(0～4km)灰岩与黑色岩系的层间构造中的Mo-W-Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag-Au矿化分带,主要的含矿岩系组合是灰岩(大理岩)+黑色板岩、凝灰岩、砂板岩。主要的含矿层位为晚石炭-早二叠世昂杰组、来姑组,二叠纪的洛巴堆组、下拉组,中侏罗世多底沟组与晚侏罗世林布宗组层间构造。按照"缺位"理论预测燕山晚期-喜山早期(126～40Ma)念青唐古拉地区矽卡岩型多金属矿附近的斑岩钼(铜)矿等5种主要矿床类型和雄村铜金矿外围,拉萨以东叶巴组(J2y)大面积分布地区等4个主要预测区,提出了增生楔中的造山型金矿的找矿突破、推覆-滑覆构造控岩控矿模型的构建等当前找矿突破中的关键地质问题。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.