新疆阿尔泰克兰河中游泥盆纪花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

克兰河中游英云闪长岩和二长花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为400±2.3Ma(MSDW=1.1)和401±3.3 Ma(MSDW=1.2), 表明岩体侵位于早泥盆世早期, 同时也暗示了岩体围岩康布铁堡组地层的形成时代早于401 Ma。所有花岗质岩石具有高的SiO2(67.80%~76.54%)和Al2O3(12.39%~16.07%)含量, 低P2O5 (0.02%~0.17%)和MgO+FeO(2.22%~5.12%)含量, 富碱(K2O+Na2O=5.58%~8.25%), 具有低的CaO/Na2O (<0.3)比值和高的A/CNK值(0.96~1.39); 富集LREE和Th、U, 贫Ba、P、Sr、Ti、Nb, 呈现明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.22~0.73)。以上特征表明该岩体属钙碱性准铝质-过铝质岩类, 具有岛弧花岗岩的典型特征。结合阿尔泰南缘的区域地质背景综合分析, 推测岩体形成于活动大陆边缘环境, 是在俯冲作用过程中由变泥质岩和变质杂砂岩脱水熔融的产物, 在部分熔融过程中有磷灰石、斜长石、钛铁矿等矿物的残留。     

内蒙古达茂旗阿拉格敖包地区英云闪长岩地球化学特征及构造背景

内蒙古达茂旗阿拉格敖包地区位于华北板块北缘增生带。对区内英云闪长岩岩石地球化学研究表明:岩石具有较低的w(SiO2)(68.71%~70.53%)和较高的w(Al2O3)(13.82%~14.42%),贫碱(w(Na2O+K2O)=5.69%~6.37%)、富钠贫钾(Na2O/K2O=6.29~9.40)的特点,A/CNK值为0.98~1.26,显示铝弱饱和;岩石稀土总量较低(89.2×10-6~132.94×10-6),轻重稀土分馏不明显[(La/Yb)N=2.75~4.57],具有弱的负铕异常和负铈异常;相对富集不相容元素Rb,Th,U,LREE,亏损Ba,Ta,Nb,Sr,P,Ti等高场元素;属准铝质-弱过铝质低钾I型花岗岩。分析表明,英云闪长岩总体经历了较低程度的部分熔融和结晶分异,源区为下地壳基性岩部分熔融,同时混有地壳物质;构造环境为内陆造山环境,指示华北板块与西伯利亚板块在二叠纪末已完全闭合,英云闪长岩是在造山后的伸展环境下,地幔上涌与地壳中具有洋壳性质的岩石相互作用而形成,具有岛弧花岗岩性质,为滞后型岩浆岩,代表了岩浆来源具有壳幔混合的特征。     

柴北缘都兰UHP地体中两期不同性质的岩浆活动:对碰撞造山作用的启示

本文报道了对柴北缘都兰地区英云闪长岩、花岗岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素的研究结果.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,英云闪长岩侵住时代为432～434Ma,并显示出类似于埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征:(1)高SiO2、富Na2O、贫KO、过铝质;(2)高Sr、低Y和相应的高Sr/Y值;(3)高La/Yb和低Yb;(4)轻重稀土分馏程度高,亏损重稀土;(5)富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素.结合英云闪长岩高的εHí(t)值(3.3～10.7)和年轻的地壳模式年龄(732～1207Ma),可以认为本区英云闪长岩源自于增厚下地壳的部分熔融作用.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,晚期花岗岩的结晶时代为382～391Ma,并显示出类似于S型花岗岩的地球化学特征:(1)高SiO2,低MgO和高K2O的特征,K2O/Na2O＞1;(2)A/CNK几乎全部大于1,显示过铝质的特征;(3)轻、重稀土分馏程度低,(La/Yb)N =2.22～9.62,但具明显的负Eu异常(δEu =0.27～0.81);(4)强烈亏损Nb、Ta、sr和Ti等元素,轻微亏损Ba元素.在综合对比花岗岩形成年龄与区域高压-超高压变质时代的基础上,结合地球化学特征,推断都兰地区花岗岩体可能形成于后碰撞造山伸展作用阶段,并可能是由其围岩富铝质片麻岩部分熔融形成,并可能有少量地幔物质的添加.     

西藏狮泉河地区晚侏罗世中性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

侵位于狮泉河结合带南缘和结合带南侧古生代地层的晚白垩世侵入岩中,解体出一套中性侵入岩,呈岩珠、岩枝状产出,主要岩石类型为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩,其中石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为157.3±1.5 Ma(MSWD=0.96)和159.3±3.7 Ma(MSWD=2.30),指示岩浆活动时间为晚侏罗世牛津期。该岩体Si O2含量在59.65%~64.57%之间,K2O为1.95%~2.69%之间,Na2O为1.97%~3.42%,K2O/Na2O在0.74~1.29之间,P2O5为0.085%~0.139%之间,Al2O3为13.63%~15.68%之间,A/CNK为0.89~1.07,属于准铝质—弱过铝质花岗岩。岩石稀土元素总量(∑REE)为107.37×10-6~148.33×10-6,LREE/HREE在6.77~9.67之间,轻重稀土分异程度强,δEu为0.63~0.84,铕略具负异常;在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,富Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素(LILE)而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和P等高场强元素(HFSE),具有岛弧钙碱性岩浆的地球化学性质。从岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究表明,该时期岩石显示同源岩浆演化的特征,具有典型I型花岗岩特征,形成于板块俯冲下的岛弧环境。表明狮泉河一带在晚侏罗世已经存在俯冲型花岗岩,研究认为该时期岩浆活动很可能是狮泉河洋盆北缘(北亚带)持续扩张时,向南缘(南亚带)及中冈底斯带北缘俯冲的产物。     

柴达木盆地北缘西端埃达克质花岗岩的发现及地质意义

盐场北山英云闪长岩位于柴达木盆地北缘西端青海冷湖地区。岩体Si2O56%(62.86%~64.83%),A12O315%,MgO3%(含量为1.73%~1.96%),Mg#=33.4~37.0,小于50。Sr400×10-6(平均为409×10-6),Y18×10-6(Y=3.09×10-6~6.6×10-6),Yb1.9×10-6(Yb=0.4×10-6~0.58×10-6),具有埃达克岩地球化学特征;Na2O/K2O=2.39~2.73,富Na贫K,Eu、Sr正异常(δEu=1.22~1.44),属O型埃达克岩。岩体富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Sr、Ba),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P),具火山弧型花岗岩特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,岩体形成于263±2 Ma。结合区域地质背景和岩石地球化学特征,认为柴达木盆地北缘西端埃达克质花岗岩可能产于与俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘火山弧环境,是俯冲板片直接熔融的产物。进而揭示中二叠世末柴达木盆地北缘地区处于洋陆俯冲的构造演化阶段。     

阿尔泰造山带青河地区早泥盆世和寒武纪末花岗岩的年代学、岩石成因及其地质意义

阿尔泰造山带中广泛发育古生代的花岗质岩浆活动,它们对认识阿尔泰造山带的构造演化具有重要意义。本文对青河县西南方向敖包特花岗岩体中的片麻状黑云二长花岗岩及其捕掳体片麻状英云闪长岩进行LA-ICP-MS定年,分别获得了407±3 Ma和491±3 Ma的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,为早泥盆世和寒武纪末。岩石地球化学特征表明早泥盆世的片麻状黑云二长花岗岩具有钙碱性-碱钙性和镁质花岗岩的特点,其A/CNK比值为0.98~1.08,为准铝质-弱过铝质,CIPW标准刚玉分子数主体小于1,且其具有较高的Y含量(27.2×10~(-6)~40.5×10~(-6))和Th含量(10.2×10~(-6)~27.0×10~(-6)),随着Rb含量的增加均有逐渐增加的趋势,表现出Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征。寒武纪末的片麻状英云闪长岩具有较低的SiO_2含量(60.28%~64.01%),其初始铝饱和指数应为准铝质一弱过铝质,微量元素特征同样表现出Ⅰ型花岗岩的成因特点。通过综合分析认为该早泥盆世的花岗岩与寒武纪末的英云闪长岩均形成于俯冲相关的构造环境。     

吉林省中部地区早古生代英云闪长岩的成因：锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学证据

本文对吉林省中部地区永吉县张家屯附近出露的早古生代英云闪长岩进行了LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及锆石Hf同位素的研究,探讨了该英云闪长岩的源区性质及构造背景。张家屯英云闪长岩出露面积约100m2,与其呈沉积接触关系的是具磨拉石建造特点的张家屯组地层。LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,张家屯英云闪长岩的形成时代为443±5Ma,即晚奥陶世-早志留世。该英云闪长岩的SiO2含量介于71.5%~72.9%,具有低K2O(0.22%~0.76%)、高Na2O(3.82%~4.49%)和低TiO2(0.30%~0.42%)的特征,属于低钾拉斑系列。其A/CNK值介于0.95~1.25,A/NK值介于1.71~1.94,主体属于I型花岗岩。张家屯英云闪长岩的稀土总量较低(15.3×10-6~23.4×10-6),具有轻重稀土弱分异[(La/Yb)N=5.01~5.60]和较平坦的重稀土分配型式,并具有明显的铕正异常(Eu/Eu*=1.85~2.59)。微量元素显示具有大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Cs、Th)富集和高场强元素(Nb和Ta)亏损的特征。另外,它们具有正的εHf(t)值(+9.92~+13.6)和年轻的两阶段亏损地幔模式年龄(648~911Ma)。张家屯英云闪长岩的地球化学特征与超俯冲带弧前环境的斜长花岗岩的源区相似,可能来源于低压高温条件下大洋堆晶辉长岩的部分熔融,并有俯冲流体的参与。即张家屯英云闪长岩形成于俯冲背景下的岛弧环境,结合晚志留世-早泥盆世张家屯组磨拉石建造的沉积特征,揭示了加里东运动在华北板块北缘东段的存在。     

柴北缘赛坝沟金矿床中英云闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

对赛坝沟英云闪长岩进行了 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试及岩石地球化学分析.结果表明,英云闪长岩的形成年龄为(470.4±5.2)Ma,属中奥陶世.英云闪长岩SiO2含量为62.46％～64.19％,平均为63.20％,Al2O3含量为14.39％～15.01％,平均为14.71％,全碱含量(K2O+Na2O)...     

新疆阿尔泰沙依肯布拉克铍矿区片麻状花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学及其意义

沙依肯布拉克片麻状花岗闪长岩出露于中阿尔泰,为铍矿化伟晶岩的直接围岩,是研究其与稀有金属矿化关系、区域构造环境和中阿尔泰是否存在古老基底的理想对象。本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法,获得其加权平均年龄为405.6±3.9Ma,属早泥盆世,明显早于阿尔泰稀有金属成矿高峰期。岩石具有高硅(SiO2=73.8%~74.7%)、富铝(Al2O3=13.3%~14.6%)、相对富钠(Na2O/K2O=1.28~3.13)的特点,A/CNK和A/NK值均大于1,属低钾钙碱性过铝质-强过铝质花岗岩。微量元素表现出Ba、Sr、P、Nb、Ti、Ce的负异常和Rb、Th、Ta、Pb、Nd、Sm、Hf的相对正异常,稀土元素显示轻稀土弱富集、重稀土平缓及较弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.70~0.82)。岩石的εNd(t)和二阶段Nd模式年龄较为均一,分别为-1.76^-1.22和1.19~1.21Ga。综合以上地球化学特征,结合区域构造-演化,本文认为中阿尔泰存在古老基底,沙依肯布拉克花岗闪长岩可能来源于中元古代地壳物质在早泥盆世俯冲消减环境下的部分熔融,在形成过程中混入了部分幔源物质。     

中祁连西段野马山岩基年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

野马山岩基位于中祁连地块西段,由早期岩体(花岗闪长岩、斑状二长花岗岩)和晚期岩体(二长花岗岩)组成,二者呈侵入接触。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年表明,早期岩体侵位时代为中奥陶世((469.0±1.3)Ma),晚期岩体侵位时代为晚奥陶世((450.0±1.0)Ma)。早期岩体Si O2=59.8%~64.2%,K2O/Na2O1,且A/NKC=0.8~1.0,为准铝质岩石;微量元素相对富集Rb、U、Th和亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti;稀土总量为97.7×10-6~185×10-6,且(La/Yb)N=5.57~12.47,LREE/HREE=7.7~11.3,具轻重稀土分馏明显,轻稀土富集,弱Eu负异常(δEu=0.66~0.89)特征。晚期岩体Si O2=69.8%~76.5%、K2O/Na2O=1.2~1.7、A/NKC=1.0~1.1,属弱过铝质花岗岩;稀土总量为78.97×10-6~244.92×10-6,轻重稀土分馏不明显((La/Yb)N=1.90~5.72),强Eu负异常(δEu=0.11~0.24)。岩石地球化学特征表明,野马山岩基早期岩体为I型花岗岩,形成于俯冲环境,晚期岩体为高分异的I型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞环境。结合岩体产出的区域构造位置及区域地质演化,认为早古生代北祁连洋发生了双向俯冲,野马山岩基为其向南俯冲碰撞的产物。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the