贵州烂泥沟金矿层状硅酸盐矿物及其39Ar-40Ar年代学研究

野外地质和室内光学显微镜、EPMA和XRD分析研究表明,贵州烂泥沟金矿矿石中存在4种不同成因的层状硅酸盐矿物(云母类),即碎屑成因白云母、成岩或变质成因水云母、基质热液蚀变交代成因伊利石和热液脉状充填成因绢云母.后两类矿物与金成矿过程中的热液蚀变有关,其中热液脉状充填绢云母形成于第四成矿阶段,其39Ar-40Ar阶段升温测年法获得坪年龄为(194.6±2)Ma,代表了成矿末期热液蚀变的年龄,即成矿时代的上限.     

应用扫描电镜-X射线衍射-电子探针研究北山斑岩铜矿区绢英岩中白色云母的特征

绢英岩化蚀变带是近地表寻找斑岩型铜矿的重要矿物学标志之一。公婆泉和白山堂铜矿是甘肃北山成矿带中典型的斑岩型矿床,本文应用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针等技术,研究矿区绢英岩化蚀变带中白色云母的结构与化学特征,探讨其成矿指示意义。结果表明,绢英岩中的云母集合体呈边缘不规则的细小花瓣状、扭折板片状和平直板片状等形态;公婆泉矿区云母晶体化学式中四次配位Si原子数为3.04~3.37,白山堂矿区为3.03~3.35,绢英岩中的白色云母结构为1M型普通绢(白)云母与2M1型热液成因的多硅白云母共存。不同多型的云母具有不同的b0值,二者共存的温度和酸度条件,揭示了斑岩铜矿成矿过程中流体从较高温、强酸性快速向低温、弱酸性演化的现象。     

西藏努日铜多金属矿床蚀变矿物的近红外光谱学研究

西藏努日大型铜多金属矿床蚀变作用强烈,主要蚀变类型包括绿泥石化、绢云母化、绿帘石化等。其中,绿泥石—绢云母类蚀变与深部斑岩体热液矿化作用密切相关。通过对20个钻孔岩心开展系统的近红外光谱测量,准确地鉴定了蚀变矿物类型、近红外性质,计算了样品白云母族矿物结晶度指数等,定量地研究了蚀变作用的强度。结果表明,绿泥石光谱波长值与铜钨钼矿化呈一定的正相关性,其中铁镁绿泥石与成矿关系密切;白云母族矿物光谱波长值与铜钨钼矿化呈一定的负相关性,其中钠云母与成矿关系明显;钠云母光谱结晶度指数越大,矿物形成温度越高,越接近含矿热液活动中心,矿化作用越强。在今后努日矿区深部寻找斑岩型矿床的找矿勘查中,应系统地开展近红外光谱测量,准确鉴别蚀变矿物、结合结晶度指数的指标来判断含矿热液活动中心,以指导勘查工程的布设。     

基于红外光谱技术的内蒙古达斯矿区蚀变地质填图及其勘查指示意义

红外光谱技术,辅以显微镜下鉴定和矿物地球化学分析,通过系统采集达斯矿区地表岩石与钻孔岩芯样品,开展精细蚀变矿物填图,利用绢云母矿物Al- OH基团在2200 nm附近的光谱变化特征,开展勘查区及其外围的找矿预测。结果显示：① 研究区主要矿物为钠长石、微斜长石、石英、绢云母、高岭石、蒙脱石和绿泥石,另含有少量明矾石、电气石、石膏和黑云母等;② 电气石、明矾石、高岭石和绢云母矿物及其组合与成矿关系密切,具有中硫化浅成低温热液型矿床蚀变矿物组合特征;③ 目前已发现的Pb矿（化）体,主要产于300 m以浅,矿体底板为一套蒙脱石+绿泥石为主的蚀变矿物组合。矿体赋存于绢云母（高岭石+少量明矾石+电气石）蚀变带内,蚀变分带特征（矿化体中心向外）表现为：绢云母化→绢云母+高岭石（+少量明矾石+电气石）→绢云母+蒙脱石→蒙脱石+绿泥石;④ 区内长波绢云母指示了深部热源的位置,短波绢云母反映出热液流体与浅部大气降水的混合作用,根据绢云母矿物Al- OH波长插值填图及矿物组合特征变化确定了成矿流体pH值偏中性、温度逐渐降低的变化趋势;⑤ 绢云母矿物在2200 nm附近的光谱吸收深度与Pb品位之间呈正相关关系,10%吸收深度阈值可区分具有相似Al- OH吸收特征的绢云母和高岭石矿物;⑥ 结合GIS空间叠加分析,认为勘查区外围仍具一定找矿潜力。     

台上金矿床蚀变带短波红外光谱研究

绢云母是胶东西北部金矿的主要蚀变矿物.短波红外光谱测量可以提供云母类A10H波长、结晶度、云母(蚀变)强度、云母层间水强度等参数,这些参数可以用来研究蚀变特征、预测金矿化.为确定招平断裂带内已知金矿化的蚀变矿物特征,为在区域上寻找类似特征地段提供类比依据,在台上特大型金矿上下盘围岩1 km之内采集岩石样品,利用便携式红外矿物分析仪(PIMA)进行短波红外光谱测量.结果表明上盘含更多的白云母、具有更高的云母水强度,多硅白云母发育在下盘.高结晶度的云母和更多的多硅白云母是金矿化的指示.     

高硫-低硫化浅成低温热液矿床的短波红外矿物分布特征及找矿模型

本文以铁格隆南(荣那矿段)高硫化浅成低温热液矿床和斯弄多低硫化浅成低温热液矿床为研究对象, 运用短波红外技术快速厘定了上述两个矿床的蚀变矿物类型及组合特征, 构建了基于短波红外勘查技术的找矿模型。研究发现: 铁格隆南矿床(荣那矿段)的蚀变矿物垂向分带组合为: 高岭石→高岭石+(地开石+明矾石)→高岭石+明矾石+(地开石)→高岭石+地开石+明矾石。由于高硫化浅成低温热液交代黄铁绢英岩化带的斑岩型矿体, 致使上部矿石中还有少量交代残余的绢云母; 斯弄多低硫化浅成低温热液矿床的蚀变矿物垂向分布为: 白(绢)云母+(钠云母)→白(绢)云母+钠云母+(伊利石)→白(绢)云母+钠云母+蒙脱石+伊利石→白(绢)云母+钠白云母+蒙脱石+伊利石, 其中顶部白(绢)云母是后期黑云母花岗斑岩蚀变所产生, 本身与成矿无关; 矿体主要赋存在伊利石+蒙脱石带, 随着蒙脱石被伊利石化, 矿体也逐渐尖灭。     

桂北元宝山韧性剪切带糜棱岩矿物化学特征及变质条件

桂北元宝山花岗岩岩体内发育一条长约25～30 km,宽约8～10 km,呈NNE向延伸的韧性剪切带,代表性的构造岩类型为长英质糜棱岩,其主要矿物都发生了不同程度的脆性–韧性变形。本文对韧性剪切带中代表性糜棱岩样品进行了细致的显微观察,同时利用电子探针技术对糜棱岩中不同产状的黑云母、白云母和绿泥石进行了详细的成分分析。在此基础上采用绿泥石成分地质温度计、白云母–绿泥石地质温度计、白云母/黑云母Ti温度计,结合多硅白云母Si压力计展开变质–变形温压研究,以期合理解译糜棱岩化过程中变形作用对云母类矿物中放射性成因氩(⁴⁰Ar^*)保存能力的影响以及这些云母矿物的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar定年结果是代表冷却年龄还是变形年龄,为进一步探讨该地区在加里东期及其后的构造–热演化历史打下良好基础。显微镜下观察显示,糜棱岩中的云母类矿物主要以大颗粒残斑和细粒基质两种形式存在,其产状和粒径存在着较大的区别。电子探针成分分析结果显示,残斑云母与基质中新生或重结晶云母在化学成分上具有较大差异:与基质中的新生或重结晶白云母相比,残斑白...     

X射线粉晶衍射法在片麻岩鉴定与分类中的应用

利用偏光显微镜岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射物相分析技术,对34件片麻岩样品矿物组分进行检测.两种方法分析结果比对显示,有18件岩石样品定名一致,其余16件岩石样品详细定名有差异.偏光显微镜鉴定技术的优势在于能准确定出岩石构造和结构,能鉴定出更多的金属矿物、电气石、榍石、磷灰石、绿帘石,有效区分白云母和黑云母;X射线粉晶衍射法优势在于更准确区分出岩石中层状硅酸盐矿物绿泥石、蒙脱石和云母,确定钾长石、钠长石和石英矿物种类与含量.研究表明：片麻岩鉴定应该把偏光显微镜岩石薄片法与X射线粉晶衍射矿物半定量技术结合起来,才能更好地确定片麻岩的矿物组分,为地学研究提供更符合客观实际的技术数据和分析结论.     

一种纳米粒级砭石的矿物学特征与成因

为探究一种灰黑色砭石的矿物学特征及成因,采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重-微商热重分析(TG-DTG)及激光诱导离解光谱(LIBS)等分析方法对其矿物组成、结构特征、热力学性质及化学成分进行分析。结果表明,灰黑色砭石主要组成矿物为方解石(>98%),并含有少量石英、云母、长石、黄铁矿及微量石墨(<2%)。晶面尺寸测试及SEM分析结果显示,以上矿物单晶粒径大多处于纳米级别,砭石中矿物主要以块状、棒状及片状等3种集合体形式存在。微晶石墨呈分散态赋存在砭石中是灰黑色砭石致色的主要原因,而石英、云母、长石、黄铁矿及石墨等杂质的存在、纳米级的结构特征和类质同象导致砭石中方解石的热解温度远低于标准的纯方解石。砭石中纳米级方解石微球粒及石墨和黄铁矿微晶的存在,说明纳米级灰黑色砭石的形成可能与微生物的活动密切相关。     

电子探针波谱法在辉石种属鉴定中的应用

变质岩中辉石显微镜下以高正突起、辉石式解理和干涉色为主要鉴定特征.辉石族矿物有斜方辉石和单斜辉石2个亚族,其中斜方辉石亚族有7种辉石类型,单斜辉石亚族有12种辉石类型.为了验证岩石薄片鉴定结果的准确性,往往是利用X射线粉晶衍射技术进行比对分析.岩石中有几种辉石及辉石类型,X射线粉晶衍射方法则无法区分.本次研究是利用电子探针波谱技术对矿物主量元素进行分析,通过所测样品微区化学成分含量推测矿物名称.25件样品微区化学成分分析结果统计显示：MgO为8.36%~17.34%,FeO为27.57%~39.77%,SiO₂为47.94%~52.70%;次要成分含量：Cr₂O₃为0.01%~6.28%,Na₂O为0.00%~0.19%,Al₂O₃为0.43%~3.11%,CaO为0.38%~1.94%,MnO₂为0.09%~0.79%;总量为99.64%~100.00%.化学成分与紫苏辉石组分相当,可以确定所测样品为紫苏辉石.     

云母类矿物的活化释钾性能

通过对３个典型二八面体型的云母类矿物,即白云母,绢云母和伊利石的活化释钾试验,发现云母类矿物热自理产物酸化后钾能大量释放;探讨了云母类矿物的活化释钾性能。虽然白云母释钾的活化条件相对较高压有利于晶包有机质释放但其释钾量明显大于绢云母和伊利石。     

Occurrence of uraniferous iron and manganese oxides in biotite granite North East Gabal El Sela area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and back-scattered electron imaging (BSE) have been used to determine the mineralogical composition of the uraniferous iron and manganese oxides and the associated U-minerals hosted in biotite granite that occurred north east Gabal El Sela area south Eastern Desert, Egypt. These mineralizations were found as veinlets fractures filling associated with strongly kaolinitic alteration of the coarse-grained biotite granite. XRD determined that the geothite mineral form the main constituent of uraniferous iron oxide in addition to tapiolite, and kaolinite minerals, where as uraniferous manganese oxide composed of pyrolusite, ramsdellite, and cryptomelane. BSE confirmed that the associated uranium minerals represented by uranothorite, kazolite, and zentime in addition to columbite-bearing minerals. Uranothorite and columbite-bearing minerals are the most abundant minerals in this mineralization. Petrographically, biotite granite is composed mainly of quartz, in addition to K-feldspars, biotite and muscovite with minor zircon, garnet, apatite, uranium-rich thorite and iron oxide. Petrochemical studies and tectonic discrimination diagrams for this granite reveal that they are classified as granite to alkali feldspar granite, originated from calc-alkaline magma having peraluminous nature and developed in within-plate tectonic environment. Field radiometric measurements revealed the localization of two high radiometric anomalies associated with iron and manganese oxides, within this anomaly uranium content range from 65 to 85 ppm. Alpha Track-etch Detectors of radon gas registrations revealed high track density reach up to 15,448.7 Bq/m³.     

陕西省潼关县碾头岔含金石墨矿工艺矿物学研究

工艺矿物学系统研究表明：碾头岔含金石墨矿床的矿石中除石墨外,可综合利用的有用元素还有金、铜等。金矿物颗粒较细,主要以独立矿物形式赋存于载体矿物黄铜矿、黄铁矿及石墨中。黄铜矿是主要的铜矿物,其次有蓝辉铜矿。石墨呈独立矿物存在,片大且较平直,属于大鳞片石墨,矿石中总碳仅有６５％左右以石墨碳形态存在。上述３种有用元素均可通过合理磨矿,选择适宜的选矿条件得到金精矿、铜精矿和石墨精矿。然而由于石墨精矿中杂质较多且颗粒细小,主要为极细的片状硅酸盐,要得到高品级石墨,用机械选矿办法是无能为力的,需要对精矿进一步加工处理方可奏效。     

Microstructural controls and the role of graphite in matrix/ porphyroblast exchange during synkinematic andalusite growth in a granitoid aureole

Abstract In the contact metamorphic aureole of the Tinaroo Batholith (north Queensland, Australia), mylonitic rocks were metamorphosed during a regional folding/crenulation event (D₂) synchronous with the emplacement of muscovite-bearing granitoids. Prismatic and skeletal andalusite porphyoblasts grew in carbonaceous schists, mainly from the dissolution of staurolite. Muscovite, quartz and biotite played a dual role in this reaction, acting in a catalytic capacity as well as reactants or products. Staurolite was replaced by coarse-grained muscovite ± biotite, whereas andalusite locally replaced quartz ± muscovite ± biotite, with diffusion of H, Al, Si, Mg, Fe and K ionic species linking sites of dissolution and growth. Graphite contributed to the reaction mechanism in a number of ways. Accumulations of graphite in front of advancing andalusite crystal faces led to skeletal growth and the formation of chiastolite structure, where incremental growth occurred on adjacent {110} faces, with subsequent filling in and inclusion of graphite along the diagonal zones. The presence of graphite in some layers in the schist matrix prevented recrystallization of strained muscovite grains. The muscovite grains in these layers, in contrast to adjacent thin non-graphitic layers, were preferentially replaced by quartz. This resulted in muscovite-depletion haloes in graphitic layers around andalusite porphyroblasts. Somewhat arcuate zones of graphite, concentrated during dissolution of quartz along a crenulation cleavage, occur on some andalusite faces. Reactivation of the mylonitic foliation during the formation of D₂ crenulations led to a preferential dissolution of quartz in zones of progressive shearing localized near andalusite porphyroblasts and hence the accumulation of graphite. Lack of deflection of the pre-existing mylonitic foliation and anastomosing of the axial planes of D₂ crenulations around andalusite porphyroblasts demonstrate not only the timing of growth, but also that growing porphyroblasts do not push aside existing foliations.     

黄羊山石墨矿床地质特征及成岩年代研究

黄羊山矿床是最近在新疆发现的一个超大型晶质石墨矿床,预测晶质石墨矿物量至少为72.64 Mt。该矿床赋存于花岗岩内,90%的石墨呈球粒状构造,球粒直径最高达20 cm,世界罕见。通过钻孔岩芯编录、探槽编录、镜下观察和锆石U-Pb定年,研究了该矿床矿化情况、矿物组合和成岩年代,探讨了矿床成因。研究表明,黄羊山石墨矿床成岩于(306±4)Ma,属晚石炭世。石墨球粒和基质的岩性相同,皆为碱长花岗岩,只是石墨球粒内较为富集黑云母、角闪石和单斜辉石。与石墨伴生的金属矿物主要为磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、钛铁矿和赤铁矿。由于石墨的强还原性,这些金属矿物多分布于石墨球粒内,形成典型的环带结构。石墨矿化可分为岩浆热液期和热液叠加期2期,前者是主成矿期,形成球粒状和浸染状构造石墨,后者形成脉状构造石墨。石墨晶体呈片状和胶状结构,片状石墨横截面呈针状,定向性明显。石墨矿石的全岩碳同位素呈负低值,表明构成石墨的碳来自地层有机物。岩浆在上侵过程中同化混染了地层有机物,在岩浆演化晚期熔体相与流体相分离时,碳质溶入流体相中,当温度和压力降低时石墨从岩浆热液中沉淀成矿。中粒钠铁闪石花岗岩、细粒黑云母花岗岩和中粒黑云母花岗岩中皆含石墨球粒,黄羊山岩体仍具有巨大找矿潜力。     

四川省同德石墨矿床地质特征及成因研究

四川省同德石墨矿床是近年来在扬子板块西缘发现的大型中-大鳞片晶质石墨矿之一。为研究同德石墨矿地质特征及矿床成因,本文采用系统的野外地质调查、地球物理与地球化学等方法,并开展山地取样工程、岩矿测试研究工作。研究认为：同德石墨矿产于古元古代前震旦系康定岩群冷竹关组变质岩层中,赋矿岩石为云母石英片岩。矿体主要呈层状、似层状近南北向展布。矿石矿物为石墨,脉石矿物主要为石英、白云母、黑云母、斜长石及少量铁质矿物等。矿石自然类型为云母石英片岩型,工业类型为中-大鳞片晶质石墨矿。其原岩为一套含碳质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、砂岩;碳质主要来源为有机物。物探自然电位梯度呈正负相伴,最低电位和梯度值为零的位置往往指示了石墨矿体的顶面中心;音频大地电磁测深呈带状向深部延伸的低阻异常指示了石墨矿体的深部赋存形态。矿床的形成经历了沉积成岩-区域变质阶段,属沉积变质型矿床。     

Some Problems of Clastogenic Mica Transformation during Anchimetamorphism (Metagenesis)

The transformation of clastogenic muscovite and biotite from the Tyumen superdeep well was studied with the SEM and microprobe techniques. It was shown that under conditions of anchimetamorphism (metagenesis), the white mica becomes unstable and may be replaced by several newly formed minerals. In particular, the brammallite, a sodic analogue of illite, is formed at the expense of sodic component of muscovite. The chloritization of mica provokes the removal of excess silica, which is present in the anchizone as a readily soluble in water modification rather than quartz. The release of excess silica as a result of clastogenic mica destruction may be a source of rock silification. As follows from the review of experimental data on silica solubility, the replacement of many silicate minerals leads to the formation of excess silica. This process can be highly extensive during the breakdown of clastogenic minerals.     

Deformation of biotite and muscovite: Optical microstructure

An optical comparison illustrates the difference in behaviour of the two mica minerals biotite and muscovite; their response to deformation, and to chemical processes such as grain dissolution. Non-passive mechanical rotation, segmentation of deformed grains by a recovery-recrystallization type process and syntectonic growth of the phyllosilicates all contribute to the development of a strong tectonic foliation within a deformed pegmatite from the Italian Alps. There are significant mechanical differences between the two micas. Biotite readily deforms by kinking whereas muscovite forms sinusoidal folds and seldom kinks. If kink-like structures (deformation zones) are present in muscovite they are generally accompanied by fracturing. Fracturing and displacements are obvious in most deformed muscovites both parallel to axial surfaces and between (001) cleavages. Fracturing is occasionally recognised in biotite. However, it is often obscured by extensive dissolution and new grain nucleation. Evidence for dissolution processes in biotite is more abundant than in muscovite.     

荣成大疃刘家铍矿矿物赋存状态

大疃刘家铍矿铍元素主要以羟硅铍石单矿物赋存在矿石中。以羟硅铍石单矿物存在的BeO占79．45％;少部分分散在其他矿物中,以赤铁矿、褐铁矿中 BeO 含量较高,其次是绢云母、重晶石等。BeO 呈分散状态占20．55％,主要集中在绢云母中,这是由于矿石中绢云母含量高所致,分散状态的BeO无法回收。根据矿石中有用矿物和脉石矿物组合,矿石类型为羟硅铍石绢云母碳酸盐岩长石石英型铍矿石。