受损结构余度评估的半概率方法

本文给出了一种结构系统余度的度量定义，基于结构系统机构化失效概念和相当可靠性指数。本文提出了对受损结构安全评做的半概率方法。所示算例表明了本方法的有效性。     

卫星导航定位中DOP的精度增强作用分析

通过理论推导分析了 DOP 的一些性质,并进行了算例分析。 实验结果表明,在一些特殊应用环境中, DOP 值会随着星地空间几何布局的改善而大幅减小,以至于小于 1,从而增强了用户位置和时间偏差参数的精度; 结果还表明,导航解算方程的权逆阵的条件数在星地空间几何布局改善的条件下具有与 DOP 极为相似的变化规律,并且可以反映用户等效测距误差对于导航解相对误差的敏感性,亦可作为精度评估的一种度量方法。     

基于磁场解析弹体飞行俯仰角的算法研究

为了解决弹体飞行俯仰角解算问题,对利用地磁传感器解算弹体俯仰角的算法进行研究。 通过分析算法,研究了利用地磁传感器解算俯仰角的原理方程,并对此进行了仿真试验和实物实验。 试验结果表明:利用地磁传感器解算方法可以实现旋转弹体俯仰角的测量,并有效地抑制了误差,实用价值高。     

MicroStation环境下等高线综合工具箱的开发

主要讨论了如何在MicroStaion环境下进行等高线综合工具箱的研制和开发，重点介绍了等高线综合工具箱的关键组成部分——算法库的建立过程，总结了开发过程中的注意事项。     

基于风险的海洋结构物无损检测功能的分级

提出了基于风险的海洋结构物无损检测功能分级方法,采用检测概率、错误识别概率和裂纹出现概率度量检测功能,并修正了错误识别概率的取值范围。根据风险值对无损检测功能进行了分级,研究了风险值随检测概率、错误识别概率和裂纹出现概率的变化规律,分析了风险值对检测费用、维修费用及失效费用的敏感性。在此基础上,将基于风险的海洋结构物无损检测功能分级方法应用于优化检测策略,用算例证明了文中所提方法的有效性。     

一种新型激光雷达测风浮标设计及海试应用

精确获取剖面风数据对海上风电场规划选址、风能资源评估等至关重要。针对测风塔建设成本高、拆卸移动困难,而传统浮标电源供给较小、摇晃角度大等缺点,设计一种新型激光雷达浮标,实现了对目标海域的风资源剖面数据的观测、解算与自存储。在南海海域进行海试应用,并对观测的剖面风数据和传统大型海洋资料浮标风数据进行同步比测分析。结果表明,激光雷达测风浮标的测量结果与大型浮标测风数据吻合较好,风速R~2相关系数达到0.975,风向R~2相关系数达到0.932。该研究成果可为激光雷达测风浮标在海上风电开发和开展风场变化的科学研究等提供参考。     

测深误差度量模型和精度指标对比分析与评价

为确保海洋测深成果质量,实现不同涉海部门海洋测深数据成果的共享和融合,系统分析了不同规范测深误差的度量模型与方法,探讨了测深数据的精度评估模型和流程,定量比对了不同规范的精度评定指标。在测深实践中,明晰所采用的误差度量模型与方法,可避免概念混淆引起的成果失真;实例表明在测深数据后处理中,应同样重视先验式精度评估可减少引入系统误差。该研究有助于为国内各标准规范更新提供理论依据,有助于数据的统一利用和综合评估,加强不同行业部门数据的共享兼容性。     

潮汐能开发的技术经济分析方法

基于潮汐电站的经济和技术特性,本文以一些算例较详细地讨论了潮能开发的经济性、效益费用计算方法及投资分摊计算方法。作为多目标的潮能开发工程,应考虑其综合经济效益,而工程投资费用应由获得效益的各个部门按获益的比例进行分摊,这样可以发挥各个部门的积极性,从而促进潮能开发工程的建设。     

基于分段解算模型的线要素缓冲区生成算法

从线要素缓冲区构建的角度出发,通过挖掘线要素各线段(局部)缓冲区之间的空间几何关系,构建了线要素缓冲区分段解算模型。在此基础上提出了基于分段解算模型的线要素缓冲区生成算法,阐述了该算法的基本原理和实现步骤,并在VC++环境下对算法进行了验证。     

条带拼接网平差参数的快速解算方法

由于多波束测深的海量数据,在基于ping的条带拼接网平差过程中,法方程的系数矩阵将会相当巨大,因此大型法方程的解算是实现条带拼接网平差的关键。结合条带拼接网中ping的分布特点,推导了按ping分段的序贯平差公式,并对此算法进行了优化。实际算例表明,此分解算法可以实现条带拼接网平差参数的快速有效解算。     

About the correlation between the distribution of the azooxantellate scleractinian corals and the abundance of the zooplankton in the surface waters

The correlation between the azooxantellate scleractinian coral distribution and the abundance of the zooplankton in the Atlantic Ocean is discussed. The analysis is based on a dataset of 943 specimens (82 species) sampled at 87 stations that were performed during the scientific cruises of Russian research vessels in the Atlantic. The hypothesis concerning if the coral biodiversity and population density correlate with the zooplankton abundance was tested. The relationships between these parameters are contradictory. High coral biodiversity and population density were registered for the areas of low and average zooplankton abundance in the surface waters.     

黄河入海径流对河口海域盐度影响研究

为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km²,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km²;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

美国加入《联合国海洋法公约》问题

1982年第三次联合国海洋法会议产生了《联合国海洋法公约》,美国积极参与并主导了该《公约》的整个谈判过程,对《公约》大部分条款持支持态度,但最终却没有签署《公约》,其原因主要在于它反对《公约》第十一部分关于深海采矿的规定。1994年《执行(公约)第十一部分的协定》对《公约》中与深海采矿有关的部分进行了实质性修改,满足了美国的利益和要求,但美国国内对《公约》还存在其他一些反对意见。目前美国国内各界支持加入《公约》的呼声日益高涨,美国正在积极考虑加入《公约》。     

加快渔业结构调整 促进海洋经济发展

射阳县位于江苏沿海中部，东临黄海，拥有海岸线长１０９ｋｍ，滩涂面积７万ｈａ，是江苏省渔业生产重点县之一。“九五”期间，射阳县把发展海洋渔业作为全县经济新的增长点来抓，不断加大开发力度，稳定提高捕捞业，全力突破养殖业，积极发展水产品加工业，取得显著成效，已成为海洋经济发展的先导产业和支柱产业，全县现有各类捕捞船只２０５８艘，总功率为７万多千瓦，海水养殖面积１万多公顷，育苗水体６５万ｍ３，水产品加工库容４０００余吨，年产各类海产品达５５万多吨。然而，在当前近海主要经济鱼类资源急剧衰退，伏季休渔期…     

On the peculiarity of the sound channel on the shelf of the North-European basin

Analysis of the sections traversing the polar hydrological front on the shelf of the North-European basin has enabled us to reveal the areas limited by closed isotaches of the sound velocity existing in the interfrontal zone at depths of 50–150 m. These areas represent the closed waveguide which has the property of an underwater sound channel.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

A study on the polyculture of the algae, the shrimp and the crab

A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photosynthesis of the algae produces the oxygen on which the shrimp and the crab breathe. The algae are the reproductive place of the organism for the food of the shrimp and the carb, also is the shelter of the shrimp and the crab. The shrimp and the crab regard the algae as the vegetable     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.