基于DOP值的GPS/INS组合导航滤波方法

分析了组合导航观测值的特点,指出其随机特性与精度因子(DOP)有关,将DOP信息引入组合导航中,实时修正组合导航观测值的方差,以适应卫星几何条件变化引起的噪声特性变化,最后通过实测组合导航算例对方法进行了验证。实验表明,利用DOP值信息提高了组合导航的精度和可靠性。     

GAMIT软件中不同星历对GPS/BDS数据定位的影响

为掌握星历误差对GAMIT软件解算GPS/BDS数据定位的影响,选取不同精密星历分析长基线和短基线条件下,获得基线解算精度和点位坐标精度,结果表明:①不同的精密星历对GPS解算和短基线的BDS解算影响不大,可采用超快速精密星历;②对于长基线的BDS解算,要顾及北斗参考站数据的质量以及站间的兼容性和空间位置,需要调整站点...     

伪卫星独立组网方案研究

针对伪卫星独立组网，从精度因子入手，分析了对不同用户的定位精度。着重对空中用户的定位问题进行一系列的分析，并进行了仿真。对仿真过程中遇到的精度衰减因子（DOP）值分布奇异条带、定位精度较低等情况，研究了不同的伪卫星布局和增加卫星数目等解决方案。     

卫星导航系统定位精度评估

对用户等效距离误差结合精度衰减因子（DOP）值的精度评估方法进行了阐述，提出根据单站DOP和全球DOP进行系统定位精度评估的两种方法，仿真证明，两种方法评估结果相当。     

顾及系统误差的地球静止轨道卫星PDOP值加权几何法定轨

对顾及系统误差的地球静止轨道（GEO）卫星几何法定轨做了初步探讨,给出顾及系统误差的GEO卫星几何法定轨数学模型,推导了参数解算公式,提出PDOP值加权的几何法定轨方法,并讨论了权函数的选取。最后以卫星钟差为例进行模拟计算。结果表明：顾及系统误差的GEO卫星几何法定轨,可大大减弱系统误差对定轨结果的影响;基于PDOP值加权的几何法定轨,可进一步提高系统参数解算精度和定轨精度。     

北斗区域系统国外典型地区定位性能分析

为掌握北斗区域系统在国外典型区域内的定位性能,利用STK软件仿真建立了该系统"5GEO+5IGSO+4MEO"星座,在此基础上对关岛、索马里、堪培拉等地区的卫星可见性和几何精度因子进行了系统分析。结果表明,北斗区域系统足以全天候满足上述区域内用户的导航定位需求。     

飞行器状态观测误差对运行轨迹预报精度影响

飞行器状态观测误差大小直接决定了其运行轨迹预报精度。根据飞行器运行状态方程,分析了不同量级初始状态观测误差对飞行器运行轨迹解算影响。通过仿真试验评估了飞行器状态观测误差造成的影响,结论表明:飞行器初始位置和速度误差越大,对运行轨迹解算精度影响越严重,呈现出线性变化趋势。因此,对飞行器进行测控时,应尽量减小飞行器初始状态观测误差,提高飞行器运行轨迹解算精度。     

GPS数据处理中实时随机模型的估计方法

为了满足在复杂观测条件下GPS基线解算的精度要求,研究了一种新的随机模型。与基于卫星高度角的随机模型难以定义出观测值之间的空间相关性不同,该随机模型核心是基于最小二乘估计得到的残差序列,通过移动窗口,利用前几个历元的残差序列,对当前历元观测值的方差-协方差阵进行实时估计。通过实例分析,将其与传统的随机模型的计算结果进行对比,验证了该实时随机模型在改善基线解算精度方面的有效性。     

起算点精度对GPS基线解算质量的影响

基线处理时要求知道一个点的坐标,其精度对GPS基线的解算结果有影响。采用实测数据研究起算点精度对GPS基线解算质量的影响,得出了其影响规律,同时给出了提高起算点精度的方法。     

GPS精密单点定位数据解算的精度对比

分别采用GAMIT和GrafNav两种不同的软件对南海区域不同时间、不同地点所测得的GPS精密单点定位数据进行了解算,并对同一数据的解算结果进行了精度分析。研究结果表明:这两种方法解算所得结果互差达到厘米级,说明GrafNav满足GPS精密单点定位数据解算要求,具有一定的应用参考价值。     

IRNSS/NavIC Single-Point Positioning: A Service Area Precision Analysis

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) has recently (as of May 2016) become operational. The system has been developed with the objective of offering positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) to users in its two service areas, covering the Indian landmass and the Indian Ocean, respectively. It is the goal of this contribution to provide further insight into the full-constellation L5 pseudorange single-point positioning (SPP) capabilities of the system. A detailed dilution of precision (DOP) analysis of its two service areas, including the identification, in location and time, of poor receiver-satellite geometries is provided. It is hereby demonstrated how the impact of some of these poor receiver-satellite geometries can be mitigated by means of height-constraining. An overview and analysis of the SPP precision is also provided including easy-to-use representative day-averaged values for a grid of locations covering the two service areas.     

《天体高度方位表》编制方法研究

介绍了《天体高度方位表》在现代导航技术条件下的重要作用,对其编制方法进行了深入研究和探讨,提出了数据的数学模型及计算、排版等方面的改进方法,并应用于新版《天体高度方位表》的编制工作,对其应用方式也提出了新的建议。     

Wet-oxidation and automated colorimetry for simultaneous determination of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus dissolved in seawater

We developed a simple and reliable method which allows simultaneous determination of organic forms of carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) dissolved in seawater. Conversion of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to inorganic products (carbon dioxide, nitrate+nitrite and soluble reactive phosphate) is performed by a persulfate wet-oxidation in low alkaline condition. After oxidation, the concentration of the inorganic products dissolved in the sample was measured automatically by colorimetry using a 3-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer system. A number of pure organic compounds were tested in the concentration range encountered in coastal and open ocean, indicating a high efficiency of the digestion procedure. The recovery range is similar to that obtained by other wet-oxidation procedures and by high-temperature catalytic oxidation techniques. Direct comparisons with usual methods used for separate determination of DOC, DON and DOP indicated a high efficiency of the procedure. Reproducibility tests demonstrated a very good precision (around 5%) for lagoonal and coastal waters, while precision was sometimes around 10–25% in oligotrophic oceanic waters, especially for DOP where values approached limits of detection for measuring phosphate. This method is highly suitable for routine analysis and especially appropriate for shipboard work.     

AUV自主导航航位推算算法的分析研究

地球形状的不规则性,各种导航传感器本身的误差,以及仪器的安装偏差等,使得AUV(自治水下机器人)在进行远距离自主航行时,自主导航的精度大大下降。针对以上问题及实际工程需要,论文对AUV自主导航的航位推算算法做了进一步研究并加以改进,以提高其自主导航精度。最后,利用2004年中国科学院沈阳自动化所水下机器人研究中心进行AUV湖试所获得的数据,对文中提出的算法进行了验证。结果表明,AUV的自主导航精度得到大大提高,可以用于修正原来的自主导航算法。     

南海北部大鹏湾中DOP的分布、滞留时间、自养生产和异养降解

The importance of dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) as a potential nutrient source for primary producers in marine systems has been recognized for up to eight decades, but currently, the understanding of the biogeochemistry of DOP is in its infancy. In the present study, monthly data between 2000 and 2014 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distributions of DOP in the Mir Bay, the northern South China Sea. The DOP residence time(T_(DOP)) was also investigated using a simple regression analysis in combination with chlorophyll a(Chl a) measurements while excess DOP(ΔDOP), produced by the biogeochemical processes of autotrophic production and heterotrophic removal, was determined using a two-component mixing mass-balance model in combination with salinity measurements. The results showed that the DOP concentration was(0.017±0.010) mg/L higher in the surface-water compared with the bottom-water and higher in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shatoujiao compared with the main zone of the bay. Although seasonal changes and annual variability in the DOP were small, the surface DOP concentration was higher in the wet season(April–September)than in the dry season(October–March) due to the impacts of seaward discharges and atmospheric deposition into the bay. Measurement and regression results showed that the DOP release rate from phytoplankton production was about 1.83(gP)/(gChl a) and the T_(DOP) was about 7 d, which implied that the DOP cycle in the bay was rapid. The ΔDOP was calculated from the model to be about 0.000 mg/L in the main zone of the bay and about 0.002 mg/L in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shaotoujiao, suggesting that the autotrophic production of DOP was almost balanced by the heterotrophic removal in the main zone of the bay and dominated in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shaotoujiao. In conclusion, the Mirs Bay is very productive and fairly heterotrophic.     

台湾海峡中北部上升流区各种形态磷的化学特性

根据１９８８年７月调查资料讨论了台湾海峡中北部海域夏季上升流区各种形态磷的分布特征。结果表明，上升流中心区（即海坛岛东侧一带水域）具有低温、高盐、低溶解氧；ＤＩｐ，ＴＤＰ，ＰＰ，ＴＰ较高；ＤＯＰ较低（０．２７）；及ＤＩＰ／ＤＯＰ比值（约为１）较高的特性。ＤＯＰ是该海域磷的主要形态（占ＴＰ的４９．２％），其含量分布及其形态转化与生物活动直接相关，是该海域生物生产力高的体现。     

不同磷源对藻类生长及其生化组成的影响

在实验室培养条件下，对ＫＨ２ＰＯ４及多种溶解有机磷化合物对藻灶进行了一次性培养，考察要对ＤＯＰ的利用和不同磷源对藻类生物及其生化组成的影响。结果表明；甘油磷酸钠，６－磷酸葡萄糖，蛋黄卵磷脂和酵母核糖核酸均可被藻类吸收利用，并且培养藻类都生长良好；碱性磷酸酶在大分子ＤＯＰ利用过程中起重要作用。     

基于大数据的复杂海运环境下船舶路径自动生成方法

随着全球经济的快速发展，海上运输由于其运力大、运费低而变得更具实用性。然而，这也意味着在海上航道行驶的船只正变得越来越多，这将导致在复杂的海洋环境中航海船只发生事故的可能性会很高。据相关历史的统计，在海域中航行缺乏高精度导航数据会导致大量事故，这种累积的事故信息可以被用来提高航海的安全性。本文通过将蕴含在AIS (Automatic Identification System) 大数据中的经验导航信息挖掘出来，以辅助实现复杂海事环境下安全可靠的船舶路径的生成。本文提出了一种基于大数据自动生成船舶路径的新方法。该方法首先在大量船舶轨迹上通过DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) 聚类形成不同的轨迹矢量簇。然后，迭代计算轨迹矢量簇的中心线，并从这些中心线之间的节点-弧段拓扑关系来构建航道网络。最后，基于航道网络来实现船舶路径的生成，对于航道网络未覆盖的海域，则通过海洋环境风险栅格的路径规划来实现船舶路径的生成。不同海域不同AIS数据集进行的多次实验结果表明，本文提出的船舶路径生成方法是有效性。     

溶解态磷在海洋微藻碱性磷酸酶活力变化中的调控作用

在实验室批量培养条件下,测定了海洋微藻培养体系中碱性磷酸酶活力(APA)和各形态溶解磷的动态变化,分析了二者之间的关系.结果表明,在批量培养过程中,APA的动态变化呈"S"形曲线,各形态溶解磷在其变化过程中所起的调控作用不同,介质中溶解无机磷和小分子溶解有机磷的浓度是激发APA发生变化的主要调控因子,大分子溶解有机磷的浓度对APA的作用不明显,但APA的增大可加速微藻利用大分子溶解有机磷的速率.微藻的种类和丰度不影响APA的动态变化形式及其调控机理.