土地利用变化对芝罘连岛沙坝附近海岸带的影响

在RS,GIS技术支持下,经过遥感影像解译获取了研究区1979,1989,1997和2007年4个典型时期土地利用信息,通过对土地利用变化分析,表明近30a来建设用地始终大幅增长,耕地一直大量减少,养殖池和河漫滩从无到有,其他地类呈波动式变化。在快速城市化进程中人类活动对芝罘连岛沙坝附近海岸带产生了深刻影响：其土地利用...     

近40 a 来三门湾海岸线时空变化遥感监测与分析

了解岸线的变化对海岸开发利用有重要意义。本文以Landsat MSS、TM、ETM+、OLI影像为主要数据源,采用人机交互的方式提取1973~2013年的4期三门湾大陆岸线,获取岸线长度以及陆域变化面积等信息,并以县级市(象山县、宁海县、三门县)为单位分段分析岸线时空变化特征。在此基础上,结合研究区新增土地利用类型的解译结果,对三门湾地区海岸开发方式进行系统分析。结果表明:1973~2013年三门湾岸线总体向海推进,总长度减少40.18 km,沿岸陆域面积增加155.89 km2,其中2000~2013年岸线向海扩张最为显著,近40 a来,在沿海三县中,宁海县岸段岸线变迁最为剧烈;海岸人为开发是岸线变化的主导因素,且开发方式时间异质性显著:早期以围垦造田、堵港蓄淡为主,20世纪80年代后期至20世纪末,偏重围垦养殖,进入21世纪,开发规模大幅增长,围垦造田和养殖依然是海岸开发的主要方式,同时城镇、工业建设等围填海规模迅增,港口码头建设也加快了步伐,海岸开发方式呈现多样化。     

基于遥感和GIS的烟台芝罘湾海岸线变迁研究

利用RS和GIS技术,提取了1976-2016年间9个时相的芝罘湾海岸线的时空分布信息,从海岸线和海湾形态两个方面出发,分析了在人类开发活动影响下典型陆连岛地区海岸线的时空变化特征及趋势。结果表明:近40 a来,芝罘湾海岸线整体向海推进,海岸线长度整体增加了15.78 km;岸线结构变化显著,自然岸线比例持续减少,人工岸线逐渐占据主导地位;3个分岸段变化不均衡,芝罘湾西岸岸线变化最显著,而南岸变化相对较小;海湾面积逐渐向海萎缩,自1976年以来海湾面积减少了7.93 km^2。海湾形状指数增加了1.08,海湾形状整体趋于复杂化;海湾重心总体上表现为不断背离陆地而趋向海洋的特点,近40 a来海湾重心整体向海偏移了606.25 m。岸线分形维数整体增大,说明岸线趋于复杂化。     

莱州湾东部潮上带土地利用对海岸蚀退的影响

基于二维浅水方程、波作用守恒方程和对流扩散方程, 建立了波浪-潮流-泥沙耦合数值模型, 分析了最近20 年来莱州湾东部潮上带土地利用对海岸蚀退的影响。结果显示, 潮上带土地利用改变 了风暴潮时的水动力边界条件, 显著增大了岸线附近的水流流速。随着潮上带养殖设施覆盖比例的 提高, 从平面分布看, 岸线附近侵蚀显著加重, 侵蚀条带平行岸线并向下游延伸、向海侧拓展; 从剖 面分布看, 岸线两侧侵蚀深度显著增大、范围明显扩展, 水下岸坡的闭合水深加大, 闭合点外移; 从 动力条件变化看, 岸线附近水流流速最大。分析表明, 最近20 年来大规模的潮上带土地利用是莱州 湾东部海岸蚀退的重要影响因素。     

基于Mann-Kendall方法的胶东半岛海岸带归一化植被指数趋势分析

利用1998—2008年SPOT/VEGETATION逐旬共372期归一化植被指数时间序列影像数据,引入Mann-Kendall非参数趋势检验方法,分析了胶东半岛最近10 a来的归一化植被指数变化趋势。结果表明,最近10 a来,胶东半岛归一化植被指数变化趋势以衰减区域居主导地位,其中有明显衰减变化趋势的区域占半岛总面积的19.3%,有明显增强变化趋势的区域仅占半岛总面积的2.8%。归一化植被指数衰减区域在空间上沿海岸线呈环状分布,从沿海岸到远离海岸,归一化植被指数增强趋势逐渐明显,衰减最明显的区域大部分位于半岛沿海30 km以内,植被增强趋势最明显区域位于半岛中部山地及沿海防护林地区。人类活动及其空间分布是归一化植被指数变化的主要因素,其中沿海城市化、工业化和海岸湿地开发利用程度的提高导致归一化植被指数衰减,而山地植被保护和海岸防护林建设导致归一化植被指数增强。     

陆岛互通工程对海岛产业用地时空格局影响分析——以舟山市为例

陆岛联动发展对提升海岛综合价值和推进陆海统筹战略具有重要意义.以舟山市为例,基于多源遥感影像、POI数据、景观格局梯度分析和相关性分析,探讨了陆岛连通工程对海岛产业用地演变的影响及其时空格局特征.主要结论如下:(1) 2010-2018年期间,舟山市陆域用地面积总体扩张,其中第一产业用地递减,第二、三产业用地迅速增加,产业用地转换频繁复杂.(2)海岛产业用地演变呈显著时空差异性.第一产业用地分布逐渐分散化、破碎化,重心向东北方向转移.第二产业用地集中于本岛沿岸并向外围邻近小岛辐射,其重心转移最为明显,趋向西北方.第三产业用地呈现双核多点分布特征,其中本岛南部城市核心区集聚扩张,在外围涌现零星增加点,其重心持续向西北方转移.(3)样带梯度分析表明2010-2015年间舟山海岛产业用地景观指数变化更高,而市中心产业用地景观格局变化较少,随着离市中心距离增加景观指数变化增强,在两端的金塘岛和朱家尖岛出现明显波动.海岛沿岸第二、三产业用地景观格局变化剧烈.(4)舟山海岛产业用地景观变化与跨海大桥建设、岛内交通网络、距离海岸线等地理因素呈现显著相关性和时空差异性,跨海大桥对第一产业用地的影响逐渐减弱,后期第二、三产业用地格局变化更多受到岛内交通网络、岸线资源、本底产业基础等因素影响.     

Impact of rapid urbanization on the modern sedimentary environments in a semienclosed embayment: Tong’an Bay,southeast China coast

Tong’an Bay (TAB) is a semienclosed embayment in the north of Xiamen Island. The sea area of TAB was mainly used for aquaculture in enclosed areas before 2003. Since 2003, the districts surrounding TAB have been undergoing a rapid urbanization process, and the scale of land used for urban construction in these districts has been continuously increasing. Under the backdrop of rapid urbanization, the coastline of TAB has largely been transformed into an artificial coastline. Due to the large scale of land reclamation and, dredging activities and the opening of the Gaoqi-Jimei (GJ) Seawall, there have been relatively significant changes in the coastal and submarine geomorphology in central northern, western, and southern TAB and Wuyuan Bay as well as a significant increase in the area where artificial submarine geomorphologies are distributed; the number of surface sediment types in the TAB has increased, and sediments in the sea area surrounding engineering projects have been coarsening; the sediment transport pattern has not significantly changed at the mouth of TAB and in central northern TAB, but the suspended sediment transport direction near the GJ Seawall has changed to a certain extent.     

Sea Level Variations and Geomorphological Changes in the Coastal Belt of Pakistan

The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated.     

基于GF-1卫星遥感影像的海岸线生态化监测与评价研究——以营口市为例

海岸线是海洋与陆地的分界线,也是重要的生态交错线。本文采用GF-1卫星遥感影像,通过监测大潮高潮时刻和小潮低潮时刻海岸水陆边界线,构建了潮间带完整性系数,以此为依据将海岸线划分为自然海岸线、具有基本生态功能的人工海岸线、具有部分生态功能的人工海岸线、具有有限生态功能的人工海岸线、具有少量生态功能的人工海岸线和无生态功能的人工海岸线。在此基础上,结合潮间带完整性系数及其毗邻海岸线长度,构建了海岸线生态化指数,用以评价区域海岸线的生态化程度。营口市海岸线以无生态功能的人工海岸线、自然海岸线和具有少量生态功能的人工海岸线为主,分别占到海岸线总长度的45.74%、18.31%和15.53%。营口市总体海岸线生态化指数为0.29,其中西城区、老边区、盖州北、鲅鱼圈区和盖州南分别为0.55、0.17、0.40、0.10和0.55。     

Sea Level Variations and Geomorphological Changes in the Coastal Belt of Pakistan

The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated.     

近39年长三角海岸带土地开发利用格局演变分析

长三角海岸带是全球变化与人类活动剧烈相互作用的典型区域，在沿海开发逐渐深化与政策助推背景下，该区域土地利用变化加剧，已成为经济发展与生态保护的矛盾热点区，分析海岸带土地开发利用格局演变过程对推动长三角沿海发展带具有重要意义。本文基于1980?2018年5期土地利用矢量数据，采用桑基图、年变化率、动态度及核密度分析方法，揭示了近39年来长三角海岸带土地开发利用在数量结构、空间形态、重点地类集聚及海陆梯度变化规律等方面的演变特征。结果表明:(1) 2018年长三角海岸带基底景观由耕地、林地和建设用地构成，占研究区总面积的89.86%，呈现出北耕南林、建设用地呈散团式镶嵌其中的空间格局。(2)近39年来研究区土地利用系统在数量结构和空间形态上变化各异，其中，在数量结构上整体呈现耕地持续平稳减少、建设用地持续快速增加、林地波动式微弱减少、草地和水域波动式微弱增加的发展趋势，且历经围填海开发面积累计达2 161.01 km2；在空间形态上主要呈现出建设用地斑块遍地开花并伴随局部爆炸式扩张、耕地斑块逐渐缩减且趋于破碎化、江苏和上海东部以及杭州湾沿岸围填海开发形成明显湿地景观的演变态势。(3)重点针对建设用地和湿地开展空间集聚演变特征分析，其中，建设用地扩张规模呈小而散且扩张集聚度呈持续增强趋势，形成由“单中心”趋向“多中心”空间集聚格局；滩涂资源呈现数量少、斑块小且分布散的特征，总体呈减少趋势，各时期扩展热点区及缩减热点区地处县市各异。(4)在距离海岸线20 km范围内，研究区土地利用动态度呈现明显的建设用地趋海及海洋用地趋陆的变化规律，且江苏、上海及浙江沿海地带的各地类动态度海陆梯度变化规律各异。     

日照市海岸带保护与利用初探

在生态文明建设背景下,如何构建人-海和谐的海岸带空间发展格局,是海岸带开发利用过程中亟须探索的问题。文章通过SWOT分析方法对日照市海岸带的优势与劣势、机遇与威胁进行了详细分析,并据此提出了差别化管制的海岸线分类、海岸带功能分区利用和陆海统筹的空间管控策略,同时强调了海岸带综合管理体系建设的重要意义,为协调日照海岸带资源开发利用与生态建设的关系,合理布局海洋产业带来思考。     

考虑人类活动的海岸线分类体系 ——近期浙江省海岸线调查的实践与思考

海岸线是海陆分界线,定义为多年平均大潮高潮位的痕迹线,兼具海洋与陆地的空间资源管理界限功能。海岸线具有重要的生态功能和资源价值,其功能和价值源于所依附的海岸带。随着海岸带地区的经济与社会快速发展,海岸带资源的保护与开发的矛盾日益凸显。在此背景下,中国构建了以自然岸线保有率为核心的海岸线管理办法。2018年实施的浙江省地方标准《海岸线调查统计技术规范(DB33/T2106—2018)》提出了海岸线的三级分类体系,包括自然岸线、人工岸线和河口岸线3个一级类。该《规范》综合反映了海岸线的科学定义和国家需求。首先,该《规范》给出海岸线定义是"平均大潮高潮时水陆分界的痕迹线",突出了"大潮高潮位"和"痕迹线"对海岸线界定工作的指示意义。其次,该《规范》将自然岸线定义为"由海陆相互作用形成的海岸线",由此推论,人工岸线的地貌动力学功能是隔断了原有的海陆相互作用。第三,该《规范》提出了"原生自然岸线"、"自然恢复的岸线"和"整治修复的岸线"等概念,将曾经受过人类活动影响但恢复了(或拥有了)某种自然海岸形态特征和生态功能的岸线纳入自然岸线的统计口径。由于河口岸线是没有"水陆分界痕迹"可循的特殊类型,现有的海岸线定义未能体现河口岸线的内涵,因此我们建议将海岸线的定义扩展为"平均大潮高潮位的海陆分界痕迹线,以及河流入海口附近按一定规则人为划分的海域与陆域水体的分界线"。从海岸带地貌动力学的角度来看,海岸线的类型和变化主要受地质基底、海平面位置、沉积物供应条件和海岸动力环境等因素影响。因此,海岸线的定义和分类应该综合考虑这四个因素,而人类活动主要从海岸动力作用环境和沉积物供应条件两方面影响海岸带系统状态。     

Reclamation-oriented spatiotemporal evolution of coastal wetland along Bohai Rim,China

Coastal wetlands are located in the ecotone of interaction between the land surface and sea, and anthropogenic activities extensively interfere with these wetlands through the reclamation of large tidal wetlands and destruction of the function of the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the Bohai Rim coastal area over the past 40 years using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, the fractal dimension, object-oriented classification, the land-use transfer trajectory, and regression analysis. Additionally, we quantified and monitored the evolution of reclamation and analyzed the correlation between reclamation and coastal wetlands based on 99 Landsat-2, -5, and -8 images (at 60 m and 30 m spatial resolution) over the period 1980–2019. The results are as follows. (1) The coastline of the Bohai Rim increased by 1 631.2 km from 1980 to 2019 with a zigzag variation. The artificial coastline increased by 2 946.1 km, whereas the natural coastline decreased by 90%. (2) The area of man-made wetlands increased by 3 736.9 km2, the area of construction land increased by 1 008.4 km2, and the natural wetland area decreased by 66%. The decrease of tidal flats is the main contributor to the decrease of natural wetland area (takes account for 91.1%). Coastal areas are affected by intense human disturbance, which was taken place across a large area of tidal flats and caused the landscape to fragment and be more heterogeneous. The coastal zone development activities were primarily concentrated in the southern Laizhou Bay, the Yellow River Delta, the Bohai Bay, the northern Liaodong Bay, and the Pulandian Bay. The solidified shorelines and increase in sea level have resulted in intertidal wetlands decreasing and impaired wetland ecology. (3) There is a good agreement between reclamation and the size of the coastal wetlands. Both land reclamation and the reduction in coastal wetland areas are significantly related to the population size, fishery output value, and urbanization rate. In summary, human activities, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds and salt pans, industrialization, and urbanization, are the primary forces that influence the environmental changes in the coastal region. This study is beneficial for establishing and improving the systems for the rational development and utilization of natural resources, and provides theoretical references for restoring wetland ecology and managing future reclamation activities in other coastal zone-related areas.     

海岸线修测中围海养殖区岸线界定问题分析

海岸线作为海洋与陆地的分界线,是海域管理的重要界限和基础地理数据,也是地图编绘、海洋调查和海岸带演变研究的重要内容,准确掌握其位置、长度等信息,是提高海域管理科学化水平的必不可少的环节。文章结合广东省海岸线修测实际工作中发现的问题,对围海养殖区海岸线界定方法进行探讨。针对养殖区已进行土地确权的情况进行深入分析,并提出：以自然属性为主要依据判定海岸线位置;承认土地权利人的权利在先;围海养殖区的海岸线统一以靠陆一侧的外边缘线进行界定等解决方案。期望可以为海岸线修测和海域管理提供有益的参考。     

2000～2010 年环渤海省市海岸带土地利用变化分析

作为陆海生态系统的交错带,海岸带是地表生态系统最为脆弱的地带,研究海岸带土地利用变化具有重要意义。以环渤海省市海岸带为研究区,基于2000、2005和2010年的Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像进行多时相海岸带土地利用制图,进而分析10 a间的土地利用变化特征,包括土地利用结构、土地利用动态度、土地利用程度区域差异和海陆梯度、海陆格局变化等特征。结果表明:(1)环渤海省市海岸带土地利用以耕地、建设用地和人工湿地为主,2010年比例分别为36.09%、17.16%和15.72%,不同行政单元及不同缓冲带之间土地利用结构空间差异明显。(2)2000~2005年、2005~2010年,土地利用发生转移的面积分别为2 126.419 km2和3 092.39 km2,建设用地扩展占用耕地、人工湿地和滨海自然湿地,以及滨海自然湿地变为人工湿地是主导的变化过程,但不同行政单元及不同缓冲带之间土地利用变化的空间差异明显。(3)2000~2005年、2005~2010年,综合土地利用动态度分别为0.73%和1.06%,17个地市级行政单元综合土地利用动态度以东营和天津较高,各缓冲带内综合土地利用动态度均为随时间不断增加,空间上则由海向陆波动下降。(4)2000~2010年,土地利用程度总体上不断升高,表明海岸带土地利用处于发展期,除沧州和潍坊,其他区域土地利用程度随时间不断上升;各缓冲带土地利用程度均随时间不同程度增长,空间上则由海向陆波动上升。     

典型入海口海岸带生态环境质量遥感评价研究——以宝山区为例

为了研究入海口海岸带生态环境质量状况,基于遥感信息技术,从土地利用的角度,构建入海口海岸带生态环境遥感评价体系,通过层次分析法并结合专家咨询法,以上海市宝山区岸线向陆5 km区域为例进行评价,得到各区域综合评价值。结果表明,宝山区入海口海岸带以工矿仓储用地为主,该区域生态环境质量自西向东逐渐下降,在练祁河和马路河之间区域到达最低点,向东开始回升,总体生态环境质量呈较差状态。     

现代黄河三角洲地面沉降对洲体演变的影响

对现代黄河三角洲地区地面沉降的特点和对三角洲发育演变的影响进行了分析研究。分析认为,现代黄河三角洲地区普遍发生的地面沉降具有多因素和时空不连续性的特点,给沉降区带来了一系列的危害,使多种海岸带灾害的破坏和影响加剧;地面沉降不仅可以造成地面标高损失,影响三角洲的垂向发育,还通过改变地面坡降来影响河道的演变和尾闾的摆动,同...     

Sea level rise along China coast in the last 60 years

Based on long-term tide gauge observations in the last 60 years, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sea level change along the coast of China are analyzed. The results indicate that the sea level along the coast of China has been rising at an increasing rate, with an estimated acceleration of 0.07 mm/a2. The rise rates were 2.4 mm/a, 3.4 mm/a and 3.9 mm/a during 1960–2020, 1980–2020 and 1993–2020, respectively. In the last 40 years, the coastal sea level has risen fastest in the South China Sea and slowest in the Yellow Sea. Seasonal sea levels all show an upward trend but rise faster in winter and spring and slower in autumn. Sea level change along the coast of China has significant periodic oscillations of quasi-2 a, 4 a, 7 a, 11 a, quasi-19 a and 30–50 a, among which the 2–3 a, 11 a, and 30–50 a signals are most remarkable, and the amplitude is approximately 1–2 cm. The coastal sea level in the most recent decade reached its highest value in the last 60 years. The decadal sea level from 2010 to 2019 was approximately 133 mm higher than the average of 1960–1969. Empirical orthogonal function analysis indicates that China’s coastal sea level has been changing in a north-south anti-phase pattern, with Pingtan and Fujian as the demarcation areas. This difference was especially obvious during 1980–1983, 1995–1997 and 2011–2013. The coastal sea level was the highest in 2016, and this extreme sea level event was analyzed to be related mainly to the anomalous wind field and ENSO.     

海岸新增自然岸线典型类型认定标准研究

海岸带地区自然岸线具有极其重要的资源价值和独特的生态价值。一些海岸的人工岸线经过整治修复或长时间的海陆相互作用，逐渐恢复了自然海岸的形态和功能。此类岸线本该被认定为新增自然岸线并严格管控，然而长期以来新增自然岸线的认定并无技术规范或标准，致使其游离于监管边缘且仍按照普通类型人工岸线的要求进行管理，一定程度上制约了海岸线的严格保护和有序利用。文章将新增自然岸线分为两类，即人工岸线整治修复成自然岸线和人工岸线自然恢复成自然岸线，并给出了典型岸线类型的认定标准。同时，提出新增自然岸线的管理要求，为推动构建科学合理的自然岸线格局提供了重要技术支撑。