马里亚纳海槽玄武岩中熔融包裹体的初步研究

对马里亚纳海槽玄武岩科长石和橄榄石斑晶中的熔融包裹体进行了镜下观察和均一化测温实验。镜下观察表明,斑晶中结晶质熔融包裹体和玻璃质熔融包裹体均较发育,具有不同的相态特征和演化程度,反映了岩浆被捕获处不同的地质条件。捕获在橄揽石和斜长石斑晶中的包裹体均一化测温结果分别为1035～1100℃和105C～1145℃,比利用玄武岩全岩化学成分计算的矿物结晶温度结果低100℃左右,反映了斑晶矿物结晶的多期性。根据本次实验结果,结合马里亚纳海槽的构造背景和地质资料,对研究区玄武岩浆的运移过程进行了探讨．     

冲绳海槽浮岩中岩浆包裹体岩石化学成分特征

系统地分析了冲绳海槽酸性浮岸中玻璃质岩浆包裹体的岩石化学成分，探讨了包裹体的岩石化学成分特征及其在岩浆起源及结晶演化过程中的指示意义，并结合前期及前人工作讨论了冲绳海槽不同岩石类型之间的成因联系及演化关系。结果表明，斑晶结晶时岩浆熔体为钙碱性英安质或流纹质岩浆，是来自地幔的拉斑玄武质岩浆充分结晶分异作用的产物。尽管各斑晶矿物中玻璃质岩浆包裹体的化学成分有所差异，但根据包裹体的岩石化学成分特征可以断定包裹体所代表的岩浆具有同源性，其差异只是反映了岩浆结晶演化的不同阶段或不同矿物结晶期，为进一步详细研究浮岩岩浆的结晶演化过程提供了最直接的资料。对比冲绳海槽酸性浮岩与玄武岩等不同岩石类型的岩石化学特征，可以证明这些岩石类型之间存在着密切的成因联系，包括同源性与继承性，它们分别是岩浆作用不同阶段的产物。另外，包裹体的成分主要取决于包裹体所在斑晶矿物的种类与成分，分析中未发现岩石化学性质明显不同的岩浆包裹体共存的现象，也没有在中酸性矿物中发现基性玻璃质岩浆包裹体，因此可以推断基本不存在不同性质的岩浆之间的直接混合作用。     

麦哲伦海山区MA、MC海山玄武岩基岩的岩石学特征

麦哲伦海山区MA、MC海山玄武岩基岩的岩石学特征研究表明,岩性为蚀变玄武岩、橄榄玄武岩等;结构为基质具间隐、间往结构及拉斑玄武结构的斑状结构;矿物组成为斜长石、橄榄石、辉石及脱玻化玻璃等。按岩石化学成分分类属碱性玄武岩,而稀土分配模式属洋岛碱性玄武岩类型。     

西沙群岛东岛浮岩矿物地球化学特征及成因探讨

本文对采自西沙群岛东岛的2件浮岩样品进行了岩石学和矿物地球化学研究,研究表明,东岛浮岩样品属于中性火山岩,SiO_2含量在60%左右,化学组成相当于粗面岩,斑状结构,斑晶主要为斜长石、单斜辉石和少量橄榄石,基质为玻璃质。斜长石及辉石斑晶矿物具有中心熔蚀结构,斜长石形成温度为1030℃-1080℃;单斜辉石属均为普通辉石,斑晶Al_2O_3含量较低;橄榄石属于透铁橄榄石,橄榄石斑晶Fo值为55.40-60.53,从核部到边部各化学成分略有降低,且具有轻微的化学成分环带。从核部到边部Fo值略有降低。东岛浮岩岩浆是西沙地块受到拉张作用,中地壳物质减压熔融形成粗面质岩浆,并经历短暂的岩浆房冷凝时期,拉张减薄作用形成裂谷后,由于压力突然释放,粗面质岩浆沿裂谷快速上升在水下喷发形成浮岩。     

南海西缘泰国晚新生代玄武岩岩浆过程研究及其地质意义

泰国晚新生代玄武质岩石主要为碱玄岩、玄武岩、粗玄岩和玄武粗安岩,属于碱性系列,呈现似洋岛玄武岩的地球化学特征,与南海地区其他位置的同时代玄武岩特征一致。本研究玄武岩的斑晶矿物主要为橄榄石、斜长石及少量的单斜辉石。利用全岩组分推算,泰国玄武岩源区岩性为石榴石辉石岩,与越南、北部湾等地同期玄武岩的岩性类似。本研究利用PRIMELT软件模拟计算了泰国晚新生代玄武岩的原始岩浆组分。利用反演的原始岩浆组分计算出本区域的玄武岩熔融温度范围为1 425～1 442℃,熔融压力范围为22.3～27.4 kbar,类似于海南岛(1 420～1 530℃,18～32 kbar)和越南南部地区(1 470～1 480℃,29.7～32.8 kbar)。本区域的地幔潜在温度为1 448～1 467℃,与越南南部(1 468～1 490℃)类似,稍低于海南岛北部(1 420～1 530℃)。总体上,泰国晚新生代玄武岩与南海地区其他区域同时代玄武岩的岩石地球化学特征和岩浆过程类似,它们的深部地球动力学背景均与海南地幔柱有关。     

马努斯海盆东部裂谷岩浆演化过程——火山岩中斜长石斑晶的启示

岩浆岩中斜长石矿物的结构、成分特征记录了岩浆演化过程的重要信息。本文对马努斯海盆东部裂谷(East Rift, ER)火山岩中的斜长石斑晶进行了详细的矿物学研究,结果表明:在玄武质安山岩中,斜长石斑晶具正环带结构,核-幔部属高An值(斜长石中钙长石分子百分数)斜长石(An值大于80,最大为87),而边缘的An值骤降(最小为63);而在英安岩中,大多数斜长石斑晶的成分从核部到边部变化较小, An值逐渐缓慢降低,呈现正环带结构,少量为韵律环带。结合火山岩斑晶矿物形成的温压条件计算结果,ER地区岩浆演化过程为:地幔源区发生部分熔融产生玄武质岩浆(温度～1300℃);在岩浆活动早期,由于岩浆供应充足,岩浆上升过程中速度较快,仅发生很小程度的分离结晶,形成少量斑晶矿物,并以较高的速度、温度(～1 100℃)直接喷出海底后形成玄武岩-玄武质安山岩;至岩浆活动晚期,岩浆供应量减少,岩浆在岩浆房(3～10km)停留较长时间,岩浆温度已经明显下降(960～1 020℃),发生强烈的分离结晶作用,岩浆喷出海底形成酸性火山岩;而在整个岩浆演化过程中,未有明显的岩浆混合作用发生。     

中太平洋CA海山玄武岩中斜长石化学成分特征及地质意义

在对CA海山玄武岩CAD21样品岩相学研究基础上,运用电子探针和X-荧光光谱法(XRF)对中太平洋CA海山斜长石斑晶中的环带、斜长石微晶和玄武岩中的硅酸盐进行了化学成分研究。CA海山玄武岩为地幔柱成因的板内玄武岩;斜长石斑晶具有环带结构,环带核部与边部为不连续消光,是不连续环带;环带核部为培长石,边部为拉长石,是岩浆演化过程中形成的正环带,其成因受岩浆演化过程中熔体组分及温、压条件的共同制约。斜长石斑晶核部、边部及斜长石微晶估算温度平均值分别为1 281,1 198和1 071 ℃,分别代表了岩浆源区、岩浆房及岩浆喷发温度,三者温度差值较小,这和洋岛玄武质岩浆的形成及喷发特点相吻合。     

广东三水盆地玄武岩源区特征与南海早期演化

南海在扩张前是否经历了陆内裂谷阶段是南海成因研究中一个重要的问题。三水盆地位于南海北部陆缘,其新生代以来喷发的双峰式火山岩具备大陆裂谷的岩石组合特征。通过对其中玄武岩主微量元素分析认为三水盆地玄武岩可以分为亚碱性和碱性玄武岩系列,两者均显示出明显的Nb、Ta正异常,相对于大陆地壳具有较低的Th/Sc、La/Nb和U/Al×1000,陆壳混染程度低;首次对盆地内玄武岩进行40Ar-39Ar测年,结合前人年代学结果表明玄武质岩浆强烈喷发的时段为61～54 Ma,其中亚碱性玄武岩喷发时间(60 Ma)早于碱性玄武岩(56 Ma);通过熔融柱模型反演得到亚碱性岩浆源区起止熔融温压分别为1 517℃(3.03 GPa)和1 471℃(2.25 GPa),深度为101～76 km,碱性岩浆源区起止熔融温压分别为1 555℃(3.33 GPa)和1 506℃(2.48 GPa),深度为110～84 km,整体为石榴石-尖晶石橄榄岩过渡区且呈逐渐变深的趋势。综合岩浆源区特征以及岩石组合特征认为三水盆地在古新世具备大陆裂谷特征。通过对比三水盆地与南海扩张期岩浆活动的分布时段及源区特征,发现三水盆地与南海扩张期岩浆活动时间分布存在较长间隔,深部过程差异较大,三水盆地岩浆活动与南海扩张并无直接因果联系。     

冲绳海槽浮岩包裹体的测温试验

对浮岩中斜长石斑晶中的包裹体及玻璃基质中的包裹体首先进行双面光薄片的镜下观察，然后进行了系统的均化法与爆裂法测温试验。观察与试验结果表明：(1)斜长石中的包裹体均为玻璃质+气泡的两相包裹体，未发现气—液包裹体。固化包裹体为玻璃质，非晶质的固化包裹体外即是大量的气泡，特别是基质当中气泡更为发育，说明熔浆中含有丰富的挥发性组分，同时也说明包裹体形成于较浅的地质条件下。(2)长石中包裹体的均化温度不受包裹体特征不同的影响，均化温度分布范围从910—1250℃，峰值明显，计算的均化温度为Tz=(1081.4±177.9)℃，但还存在有高于1250℃的均化温度峰。包裹体均化法测试结果说明浮岩中斜长石的形成过程至少有两个阶段：第一阶段的岩浆温度在1200—1300℃左右，在此温度下形成的是An值较高的基性斜长石，同时结晶的还有辉石等矿物，斜长石结晶第二个阶段时的熔浆温度在1100℃以下，这一阶段持续的时间长，跨越的温度范围大，应是岩浆在近地表和岩浆喷出过程中的岩浆快速冷却期，同时伴随有矿物大规模晶出。(3)包裹体中的气相部分均聚合成圆形或近圆形，说明温度下降速度较快。斑晶斜长石中部分包裹体与基质玻璃中包裹体的形成温度是连续变化的，这一事实应该与冲绳海槽特殊的地质条件有关     

西南印度洋中脊玄武岩地球化学特征及其对岩浆过程的指示意义

对采自西南印度洋中脊(SWIR)50°E附近5个站位的玄武岩样品进行了岩石学和元素地球化学研究。样品主量元素、TAS分类图解和AFM图解显示,SWIR研究区样品类型主要为低钾拉斑玄武岩。相对原始地幔SWIR区玄武岩具有Ba、Nb、Sr负异常,K表现为正异常。稀土元素分配模式均为左倾型,具有轻微的Eu、Ce正异常;SWIR区玄武岩都起源于上地幔,SWIR玄武岩则明显向EMⅡ端元偏移。SWIR玄武岩地幔源区相对最为富集,可能为DM和EMⅡ的混合源区,存在少量的陆壳成分。研究区玄武质岩浆起源深度为尖晶石橄榄岩区域处于中度还原环境下,经历了明显的橄榄石+单斜辉石+斜长石的分离结晶。     

Origin and evolution of alkali basaltic magma in the Okinawa Trough

I~IOXThe Okinawa Trough is an extending back--arc basin between the East China Sea Shelf andthe Ry'Ukyu Island Arc of Japan. There are widespreadly distributing acid pumice in the troughand a little basalt just in some area of the extending center. There have been some detailed rePOrtsabout the mineralogy and petrochemical feature of the subalkali tholeiite and alkali trachyte in thetrough (Zhai and Gan, 1995; Li et al., 1997; Qin and Zhai, 1988). This paper mainly reportselectron mic…     

科科斯脊玄武岩斜长石矿物化学及地质意义

综合大洋钻探计划(IODP) 334和344航次在U1381站位处的两个钻孔(A孔和C孔)获得了中美洲西海岸外科科斯脊基底拉斑玄武岩，对其岩浆过程开展研究可为理解其岩石成因提供重要依据。本文对科科斯脊玄武岩中斜长石斑晶和微晶进行了详细的原位主微量元素分析，结果表明，斜长石种属为培长石、拉长石及少量中长石。部分斜长石斑晶具有正环带结构；但多数斜长石斑晶不具有明显环带，仅从核部到边部存在微弱的成分变化。斜长石斑晶与微晶的微量元素差别较大:斜长石斑晶富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素，且具有明显的Eu正异常；斜长石微晶不相容元素含量通常高于斜长石斑晶。根据斜长石温度计计算获得斜长石斑晶结晶温度为1 050～1 253℃，斜长石微晶结晶温度为866～1 033℃。基于以上特征，推测斜长石斑晶核部是相对原始岩浆的产物，而斑晶边部以及微晶是演化岩浆的结晶产物。斜长石斑晶的成分变化及熔蚀麻点结构是由于岩浆补给及岩浆减压上升造成的。最后，本研究推测科科斯脊基底玄武岩来自于开放的岩浆房，且岩浆房内可能存在原始岩浆的不断注入及岩浆对流。     

印度洋Carlsberg洋脊玄武岩岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对采自印度洋Carlsberg脊14个站位的新鲜玄武岩样品进行了常量和微量元素组成分析,旨在研究岩浆源区地幔的性质以及岩浆作用过程。研究结果表明:该区玄武岩为典型的源于亏损型地幔的大洋中脊玄武岩,不同样品经历了不同程度的结晶分异作用,演化过程主要受控于橄榄石的结晶分异作用,部分样品中有单斜辉石结晶分异作用的影响,斜长石的结晶分异作用不显著;玄武岩岩浆来源于亏损型尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地幔的熔融,主微量元素组成中尚未见到富集型组分混入的证据;源区地幔不同比例的熔融作用及其后岩浆演化过程的差异是造成不同样品间地球化学性质差异的主要原因,彼此独立的局部岩浆作用过程是岩浆作用差异的主控制因素。Carlsberg脊玄武岩整体与全球标准大洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)平均组分相近,不同脊段间岩浆源区地幔的组成、熔融程度(比例)和熔融深度等无明显差异,这种特征向南直到CIR的北段。     

南马里亚纳海槽岩石学特征

南马里亚纳海槽岩性比较复杂：有玄武岩，根据标准矿物组合，进一步划分为碱性玄武岩，橄揽拉斑玄武岩和石英拉斑玄武岩；火山碎屑岩，包括凝灰岩和角砾凝灰岩；以及方辉橄榄岩．大部分玄武岩样品是距今五百万年以后形成的，个别岩石样品的形成年龄为八百万年左右．不同类型的玄武岩是含Ｈ２Ｏ的地幔岩块在底辟上升过程中，局部熔融、分离的产物；火山碎屑岩是火山喷发的火山灰、火山砾被水化学分解的物质胶结而成；方辉橄榄岩是地幔岩浆底辟上升直接侵入结晶的产物．     

冲绳海槽玄武岩玻璃主量、微量元素地球化学特征

The Okinawa Trough(OT) is a back-arc basin at an initial spreading stage that is under the influence of subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. In this study, we analyzed the geochemical compositions of basaltic glass in the OT and discussed the effects of different magmatic sources, evolution, and subducted components in basalts. Our results showed that the middle and southern regions of the OT exhibit characteristics consistent with an iron-rich tholeiite series. Trace element proportions conform to the typical spider diagram pattern characteristic of back-arc basin basalts, rich in large ion lithophile elements(LILEs) including Rb, Ba, Pb, U, and Th, while depleted in high field-strength elements(HFSEs) including Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti. The distribution of rare earth elements(REEs) is also consistent with enrichment by right-leaning light rare earth elements(LREEs).The addition of enriched mantle type I(EMI) materials as well as mantle heterogeneity may have led to variable degrees of enrichment in different regions. The magma source of the middle trough has undergone crystallization towards pyroxene, while development of plagioclase was restricted partly, and the crystallization of spinel and olivine ceased altogether. At the same time, crystallization of the southern OT magma source was dominated by olivine and including the formation of plagioclase, pyroxene, and magnetite(or titanomagnetite). Finally, the results of this study showed that 90% Th, 95% Ba in the southern basalt, 50%–70% Th and 70%–90% Ba in the middle basalt originated from subducted component. Different subducted component influence may be due to different subduction zone structural feature.     

Source and magmatic evolution of ocean island basalts from the Pohnpei Island,Northwest Pacific Ocean: Insights from olivine geochemistry

The compositional variability of ocean island basalts (OIBs) is thought to reflect partial melting of a lithologically-heterogeneous mantle source dominated by either pyroxenite or peridotite. The Pohnpei Island in Micronesia, which is associated with the Caroline hotspot, is suggested to have been generated from partial melting of a pyroxenite-rich mantle. To examine this hypothesis, we present new major- and trace-element compositions of olivine phenocrysts in basalts from the island. The olivines exhibit large systematic inter- and intra-crystalline compositional variability. In Sample DS1, olivines record compositional zonation, in which cores have relatively high Fo (77–85), Ni (550×10?6–2 392×10?6), and Fe/Mn ratios (66–82), whereas rims have lower Fo (71–78), Ni (526×10?6–1 537×10?6), and Fe/Mn ratios (51–62). By contrast, olivines within other samples preserve no clear compositional zonation, exhibiting similar or slightly lower Fo values (66–78), Ni contents (401×10?6–1 268×10?6), and Fe/Mn ratios (53–69) as the rims of zoned crystals. The distinct chemical contrast between the two different types of olivine suggests they formed in magma chambers at different depths. Analysis using forward petrological modeling and multi-element indicators (Fe/Mn, Zn/Fe, FC3MS (FeOT/CaO?(3×MgO/SiO₂)), Mn/Zn, and Ni/(Mg/Fe)) of whole-rock samples and high-Fo olivines is inconsistent with a pyroxenite-rich mantle source. We suggest these inconsistencies reflect an influence on the partition coefficients of Ni and Mn between olivine and liquid during melting at variable pressures and temperatures. In addition, magma recharge and mixing within the magmatic plumbing system can change the composition of olivine. We suggest that identification of the mantle source of OIBs in volcanic islands such as the Pohnpei Island using olivine geochemistry should be treated with caution.     

Glass inclusions in volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin:constraints on magma genesis and evolution

INTROOUcr1ONThe Okinawa Trough is a typical marginal back-arc basin, where its oPening began in rela-tively recent years* There is a great controversy about the origin of its initial magYna. haltand acid volcanic pumice make up the bimedal volcanism in the Okinawa Trough. MOSt of geol-ogists believed that the acid pumice was the preduct of extremely crystal fractionation of baseltInagTna, but the others argued that it should com from the melting of lower-crust. Som de-tailed petrolOgic…     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Quaternary volcanism from the islets in the eastern Beibu Gulf: evidence for Hainan plum

Some of the islets in the eastern Beibu Gulf are covered by Quaternary volcano strata. The rock samples from these islets mainly consist of quartz tholeiites （at Shenjiandao）, olivine tholeiites （at Linshidao and Xieyang- dao） and alkali basalts （at Yangpubi and Jianshidao）, and basically represent four periods of the Quaternary volcanism of Hainan Island and its adjacent regions. Except for the samples from Shenjiandao, most of the Quaternary volcanics of these islets belong to alkali magma series. The trace element characteristics of all of these samples show they are OIB （oceanic island basalt） -like, which implies that their deep geodynamic setting may be related to a mantle plume. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions show that the mantle source beneath the Quaternary strata can be regarded as a result of binary mixing between a depleted, DMM （de- pleted MORB mantle）-like source and an enriched mantle type 2 （EM2）. The EM2 may be originated from the Hainan mantle plume, and has been metasomatized by carbonaceous fluids released from ancient re- cycled oceanic crust at an asthenospheric mantle level. These features, together with typical trace element ratios, reflect that the parent magma was not subjected to crustal contamination during its ascent to the surface. This study provides further petrological and geochemical evidence for the existence of the Hainan mantle plume.     

Mineral chemistry of Carlsberg Ridge basalts at 3°35′–3°41′N

Mineral chemical analyses of transitional basalts from the Carlsberg Ridge show plagioclase (An ~ 87 mole %), phenocrysts, and microphenocrysts have a K₂O depletion as compared to the laths (An ~ 79 mole %). Olivine (Fo ~ 91 mole %) are few and rarely zoned. The composition of plagioclase and olivine indicate low pressure equilibrium crystallization. The basalts were probably derived through fractional crystallization at shallow depths under low partial melting conditions. Morphology of plagioclase phenocrysts and bulk rock chemistry suggest magma mixing and fractional crystallization for the origin of these basalts. (Detailed chemical analyses can be obtained from the authors.)