高速水声通信中正交频分复用技术试验研究

设计了基于正交频分复用的高速水声通信系统,并进行了湖上和海上试验研究。湖试中,在6 000 m距离下,传输速率达到7.6 kbps,误码率低于10-4;海试中,在12 km距离下,传输速率达到8.3 kbps,误码率低于10-3。试验结果表明,正交频分复用技术可以较好地克服码间干扰,有效地利用水声信道带宽,达到高速水声通信的目的。     

宽码率Polar码浅海水声通信实验研究

浅海水声信道的随机时–空–频特性给数据的可靠传输带来了重大挑战,低复杂度和理论上证明能到达香农限的极化码(Polar code)可以增强水声通信系统的鲁棒性。水下传输的图像、语音、文本、海洋监测数据和遥控指令具有不等重要性的特点,宽码率 Polar 码能够适应不同水声信道和不等重要性的信息传输。 目前 Polar 码在水声通信中的实验研究多为仿真分析,设计了宽码率 Polar 码在厦门港海域海试验证,在不同信噪比的实录环境噪声下进行分析。海试结果表明：在良好的信道条件下,宽码率 Polar 码的性能优异,0.25 码率的 BPSK 和 QPSK 在实录环境噪声信噪比为–1 和 4 时实现零误码,其低复杂度信道编译码机制和宽码率与水声信道相匹配,可有效提高水声数据传输的可靠性和有效性,为基于 Polar 码的稳健可靠水声通信系统提供海试实验验证。     

基于Visual C和PC的软件水声调制解调系统

介绍了一种DS/DBPSK调制解调技术方案,该方案采用了具有较强抗干扰、抗衰落和抗多径性能的扩频技术,并结合与信道适应性较好、不需载波恢复的差分相位调制技术,对浅海水声信道造成的干扰进行抑制.在此方法上,基于Visual C(VC)及PC平台设计了一个通用性好的软件水声调制解调系统,利用双缓冲邋和多线程技术机制实现算法实时处理,同时可通过串口通信提供上层应用接口.实验系统验证了扩频和差分调制技术在浅海水声通信中的性能,为水声组网提供了底层支持.海试实验结果表明了系统的有效性.     

一种水声组网定位一体化系统设计与实现

水声网络已在海洋信息立体化获取、传输、感知领域中得到广泛研究和应用，水声网络节点的位置是水声网络协议设计、多样化应用中常常需要的重要信息。依托全球定位系统定位、采用常规水声定位技术获取水声网络节点位置等解决方案存在着无法直接水下应用、多节点需多次定位效率低、需要精确时间同步等问题。提出一种水声组网定位一体化方案，该方案利用水声网络运行过程中网络节点互联互通进行的交互可以直接通过应答测距方式进行节点位置解算，从而实现在不影响网络通信的情况下，无需精确同步的通信定位一体化功能。给出了系统组网通信、测距、定位、误差校正等核心环节的设计过程，设计了一套小规模水声网络通信定位试验系统，并开展湖试试验。湖试试验结果初步表明了该系统组网、定位一体化的有效性。     

面向长时水声通信数据采集与评估的浮标设计与实现

复杂海洋环境导致水声信道呈现随机时-空-频变特性,特别是浅海信道受界面、人为干扰的严重影响,对水声通信造成极大困难。近年来人工智能领域机器学习等技术飞速发展,为提高复杂环境下水声通信可靠性提供了新思路。但是,由于水声信道复杂多变、缺乏普适模型,从机器学习角度而言水声通信数据样本严重不足,传统单次、短时水声通信实验采集的数据无法充分表征水声信道空间、时间特性。通过长期部署水声通信及信号采集设备,可望在一定程度上丰富通信数据,为典型海域下人工智能水声通信研究提供数据支持。 设计并实现了一种浅海水声通信浮标,搭载水声通信系统可实现长时浅海水声通信数据采集、性能评估,同时依托北斗系统具备远程状态显示、功能控制功能。厦门港海域实验表明,依托浮标采集的长时水声通信数据可开展水声通信性能评估、信道特性与通信性能关联度分析,为下一步工作打下了良好的基础。     

水声通信半物理仿真平台设计与应用

信道自身的复杂性和现场级试验的高投入、高风险限制了水声通信技术的发展。针对高效率水声通信技术研究的需求,提出1种水声通信半物理仿真平台水声通信半物理仿真平台(A Hardware-in-Loop Simulation Platform for Underwater Acoustic Communication)。水声通信半物理仿真平台以可配置水声Modem为核心,包括现场测试采集系统、算法仿真评估系统、算法实现装载系统、水声波形存储播放系统。基于建立的水声通信半物理仿真平台,进行水声直接序列扩频通信系统的半物理仿真研究,结果表明水声通信半物理仿真平台可有效提高水声通信技术的研究效率。     

多特征联合水声通信信号调制识别方法

为解决水声信道下通信信号识别困难的问题,对水声 CW、LFM、2FSK、4FSK、BPSK、QPSK、DSSS-BPSK 和 OFDM 信号的调制识别技术进行了研究,旨在提出一种适用于这 8 种信号的调制识别方法。通过对信号的时频特征、二次方谱特征及自相关特征进行分析,并利用基于迁移学习的 ResNet 网络和线性支持向量机进行分类,最终得到了一种多特征联合水声通信信号调制识别方法。仿真表明:在千岛湖多径信道下,信噪比大于 9 dB 时,所研究 8 种信号的识别率均在 99%以上 ;最后,通过海试进一步验证了该方法的可行性,海试数据识别率均在 93%以上。仿真及海试验证的结果表明,所提的方法是适用于水声信道的     

一种基于正交频分复用的高速水声通信技术的研究

OFDM(正交频分复用)是一种适合于在多径衰落和受限带宽信道中进行高速传输的技术。论文把OFDM技术应用于高速水声通信中,设计了一套基于OFDM的高速水声通信系统,阐述了OFDM水声通信系统中同步和信道估计的方法。海上试验证明了系统的有效性。     

水声信道中一种抗多途跳频通信的研究

水声通道系统是当代海洋开发和海洋环境立体监测中的重要技术组成部分，广泛应用于海洋监测、海洋资源勘探和开发等方面。然而，水声信道的随机起伏、时－空－频变的多途特征使水声通信技术成为当代最为复杂的通信技术之一。本文介绍近年来在高速水声通信方面的一些研究进展，讨论了一种利用高速数字信号处理器（DSP）实现水声信道跳频通信的方案，并探讨了该方案在调制信号设计及信号处理实现上所采用的关键技术。     

近海海洋环境对水声网络性能影响试验评估

水声网络已成为海洋信息获取、传输和感知的关键技术,并得到广泛研究。目前的水声通信研究主要集中于考虑时延、多径等水声信道影响因素。当海洋环境发生变化时,水声信道中的时延、多径的特性也会相应发生变化,从而影响水声通信系统的性能。然而,对于复杂海洋环境现象与水声网络性能的直接关联性的研究还较为有限。基于厦门海域进行的水声网络实验,从平均端到端时延、丢包率等网络性能指标评估风、浪、潮汐等典型近海海洋环境因素对水声网络性能的影响,并基于试验结果对海洋环境与水声网络性能进行关联性分析,实验结果表明：水声通信网络的时延受到温度、风速和潮位变化的影响,存在一定程度的关联性。评估分析结论可为复杂近海海洋环境下水声通信网络的设计和应用提供参考。     

水声数据通信系统研究

提出一种基于并行传输体制的水声数据通信系统设计方案,发射端采用纠错能力很强的级联码和MFSK调制,分集技术采用抑制载波的双边带调制方式,接收端对接收信号利用快速频谱分析进行解调,并进行硬判决Viterbi译码和BM迭代译码。实验表明,该水声数据通信系统的传输波特率为200bits/s。误码率达到10^-5～10^-6以下。     

基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法

水声通信和测距能力是实现水下航行器准确定位的重要技术手段。当前基于水声定位的方法主要有利用测距和测向功能的水声定位技术以及水声测距辅助导航技术，二者的系统物理复杂度都比较高。本文提出了一种基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法，航行器在水声信标测距覆盖范围内，利用航行过程中多次测距信息构建测距圆序列形成位置约束，基于航位推算导航信息，将航行器在连续测距时间段内的相对航迹在圆序列上进行最优匹配，从而获得位置估计，通过对测距误差进行补偿可进一步提升定位精度。本方法所需物理系统结构复杂度低、可操作性强，仿真实验表明，该方法可以独立实现较高精度的定位。     

Low-bit-rate coding of underwater video using wavelet-basedcompression algorithms

Recent advances in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and underwater communication technology have promoted a surge of research activity within the area of signal and information processing. A new application is proposed herein for capturing and processing underwater video onboard an untethered AUV, then transmitting it to a remote platform using acoustic telemetry. Since video communication requires a considerably larger bandwidth than that provided by an underwater acoustic channel, the data must be massively compressed prior to transmission from the AUV. Past research has shown that the low contrast and low-detailed nature of underwater imagery allows for low-bit-rate coding of the data by wavelet-based image-coding algorithms. In this work, these findings have been extended to the design of a wavelet-based hybrid video encoder which employs entropy-constrained vector quantization (ECVQ) with overlapped block-based motion compensation. The ECVQ codebooks were designed from a statistical source model which describes the distribution of high subband wavelet coefficients in both intraframe and prediction error images. Results indicate that good visual quality can be achieved for very low bit-rate coding of underwater video with our algorithm     

Acoustic telemetry system for underwater control

Underwater acoustic communication in the multipath environment encountered in shallow water is restricted mostly by signal fading. It degrades the signal detection and time synchronization required for reliable acoustic communication. An approach to time synchronization and to the frequency diversity method is presented. A communication algorithm for obtaining a reliable acoustic underwater link, and offering an easy-to-implement decoding scheme is introduced, and system realization is described     

水声通信及组网的现状和展望

水声通信是海洋中无线信息传输的主要技术手段。水声通信技术在海洋环境监测、水下航行器/载人潜水器作业等方面有着广泛应用。同时,水声信道传输状态多变、海洋作业环境恶劣,对通信算法和设备可靠性有较高要求,水声通信及组网成为目前的研究热点。文中面向海洋环境监测领域,从水声通信物理层技术、网络技术及组网应用等方面进行介绍,并对未来技术趋势进行展望。     

Precoding Based Channel Prediction for Underwater Acoustic OFDM

The life duration of underwater cooperative network has been the hot topic in recent years. And the problem of node energy consuming is the key technology to maintain the energy balance among all nodes. To ensure energy efficiency of some special nodes and obtain a longer lifetime of the underwater cooperative network, this paper focuses on adopting precoding strategy to preprocess the signal at the transmitter and simplify the receiver structure. Meanwhile, it takes into account the presence of Doppler shifts and long feedback transmission delay in an underwater acoustic communication system. Precoding technique is applied based on channel prediction to realize energy saving and improve system performance. Different precoding methods are compared. Simulated results and experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a better performance, and it can provide a simple receiver and realize energy saving for some special nodes in a cooperative communication.     

A New Method for Matched Field Localization Based on Two-Hydrophone

The conventional matched field processing (MFP) uses large vertical arrays to locate an underwater acoustic target. However, the use of large vertical arrays increases equipment and computational cost, and causes some problems such as element failures, and array tilting to degrade the localization performance. In this paper, the matched field localization method using two-hydrophone is proposed for underwater acoustic pulse signals with an unknown emitted signal waveform. Using the received signal of hydrophones and the ocean channel pulse response which can be calculated from an acoustic propagation model, the spectral matrix of the emitted signal for different source locations can be estimated by employing the method of frequency domain least squares. The resulting spectral matrix of the emitted signal for every grid region is then multiplied by the ocean channel frequency response matrix to generate the spectral matrix of replica signal. Finally, the matched field localization using two-hydrophone for underwater acoustic pulse signals of an unknown emitted signal waveform can be estimated by comparing the difference between the spectral matrixes of the received signal and the replica signal. The simulated results from a shallow water environment for broadband signals demonstrate the significant localization performance of the proposed method. In addition, the localization accuracy in five different cases are analyzed by the simulation trial, and the results show that the proposed method has a sharp peak and low sidelobes, overcoming the problem of high sidelobes in the conventional MFP due to lack of the number of elements.     

Spatial diversity equalization applied to underwater communications

Underwater acoustic digital communication is difficult because of the nature of the fading multipath channels. Digital signal processing, such as adaptive equalization, is known to greatly improve the communication data rate by limiting intersymbol interference (ISI). However, existing underwater acoustic equalization studies are limited to single-channel techniques, and spatial diversity processing is limited to selection or combining. In this paper, we design minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizers jointly among all spatial diversity channels. We call this spatial diversity equalization (SDE). Results are based on a very sparse vertical array in a midrange underwater acoustic channel. We study the effect of element number and placement, the length of the equalization filters, and linear feedforward versus nonlinear decision feedback algorithms. A suboptimum equalizer combiner (EC) is studied to alleviate the computational intensity of JCE. We first design the system for a known acoustic channel; later, some results are verified using adaptive algorithms. Results are presented both in terms of the mean-square error (MSE) and the probability of a symbol error. The latter is important as it is the ultimate interest for a digital communication system. We found that system performance improves rapidly with an increase in the number of spatial channels