松辽盆地南部海坨子油田特低渗透储层裂缝识别及预测模型

海坨子油田属于特低渗透裂缝性油藏,其开发实践表明:微裂缝为流体渗流的主要通道,能否准确描述储层中裂缝分布形态,直接关系到油藏开发效果。本文以钻井取心资料、成像测井资料及铸体薄片分析资料为基础,对海坨子油田储层中微裂缝的形成机理、形态及产状特征进行了研究,得到了裂缝描述的详细参数,并形成了一套适用于该类型油藏微裂缝系统描述及有效识别的方法。以此为基础,利用随机建模的方法,建立了海坨子油田海21-4试验区微裂缝的分布DFN模型,预测了裂缝的分布密度、分布方位及裂缝大小,为油藏数值模拟双重介质模型的建立提供了基础。     

墨西哥东南盆地白垩系裂缝综合研究——以M区块W构造为例

墨西哥东南盆地M区块W构造是区块的重点构造,W构造白垩系碳酸盐岩储层构造裂缝的发育程度决定了整个区块的勘探潜力。对周边已钻相似构造岩心和成像测井裂缝发育特征的统计表明,中白垩统地层有效裂缝最为发育,裂缝的走向主要为NW—SE向和NE—SW向。研究分析认为,裂缝的发育规律主要受到区域应力和岩性差异的控制,在此基础上建立了"盐底辟之上挤压背斜"裂缝发育模式。最终应用地层切片和曲率属性技术,预测了W构造白垩系裂缝的平面展布:裂缝集中发育在中白垩统,裂缝走向为NW—SE向,与周边钻井统计结果一致,证实了预测的可靠性。     

薄壁结构砼的裂缝与处理

分析了万年闸船闸砼工程结束后薄壁砼结构墙体出现大面积贯通性裂缝的发生原因,提出了修复裂缝的工艺方案,总结了预防此类裂缝发生的有效措施。     

非稳定性混凝土裂缝的成因与处理

裂缝渗漏是引起混凝土破坏的原因之一,而非稳定性裂缝更以其不稳定的特性难于处理。本文从其危害性入手,分析了裂缝成因,介绍了一种针对非稳定性裂缝的堵漏施工方法。     

非稳定性砼裂缝的处理

裂缝渗漏是引起钢筋混凝土破坏的原因之一,而非稳定性裂缝更因其不稳定性而难于处理。结合实例,介绍了一种针对非稳定性裂缝的堵漏施工方法。     

歧口凹陷歧北斜坡区沙一下湖相碳酸盐岩储层裂缝预测

针对歧北斜坡区沙一下湖相碳酸盐岩储层,首先在剖析储层裂缝的地质特征基础上,运用基于叠后地震数据的曲率属性、landmark构造体属性等裂缝检测技术对裂缝发育带进行宏观定性预测;其次,采用FRS叠前各向异性裂缝检测技术对研究区沙一下储层裂缝发育方向、密度等详细特征进行了定量预测。通过定性和定量预测结果的相互补充,得到了研究区沙一下储层裂缝发育特征:沙一下碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育主体区位于南大港(NDG)断层北部坡折带附近,主要为近东西向展布的构造裂缝,平面上呈块状或带状不连续分布。最终预测结果与实际钻井情况基本一致,取得了较好的预测效果,为研究区该类储层的油气勘探指明了方向。     

基于常规测井的变质岩裂缝识别方法研究

BZ19-6气田变质岩潜山储层结构复杂、多样,裂缝发育且非均质性强。在储层评价中,识别有效的裂缝是一个紧迫的难题,而这对于该气田的勘探开发具有重要的意义。以岩性主要为花岗片麻岩、夹少量侵入岩的太古界为研究层位,通过对常规测井曲线进行重极标差（R/S）分析,以识别研究层位的裂缝发育程度,并通过计算Lg(R/S)的牛顿二阶差分值预测裂缝的发育位置。进一步将R/S分析结果与岩芯薄片裂缝观察统计和电成像图解释结果进行对比,建立了利用赫尔特指数识别花岗片麻岩储层裂缝发育程度分类标准。研究表明：(1)将R/S分析和牛顿差分法相结合改进的裂缝识别方法,在变质岩储层裂缝评价中具有可行性,可识别宽度>0.005 mm的裂缝;(2) Lg(R/S)曲线二阶差分值能够准确地识别天然裂缝的发育位置,并且KRxo与裂缝线密度呈正相关,相关性高;(3)岩性各向异性和裂缝充填情况对常规测井曲线R/S分析方法识别裂缝精度有影响。     

氯盐干湿环境下受弯横向裂缝对钢筋混凝土耐久性影响

为了研究持续开裂状态下横向裂缝对钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的影响特性,开展了8根受弯开裂钢筋混凝土梁构件的盐溶液干湿循环试验;借助无损检测技术和破损实测方法,分别对氯离子侵入量、钢筋半电池电位、腐蚀电流密度以及平均锈蚀率等进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,裂缝的存在将提高混凝土的渗透性,裂缝处及周围混凝土内的氯离子含量明显增大;对于一定裂缝分布状况的钢筋混凝土试验梁,内部钢筋的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度以及平均锈蚀率均高于裂缝自愈及无裂缝的试验梁,并受到保护层厚度与裂缝开展状态的影响,其影响规律可用单位长度内的平均裂缝宽度与保护层厚度的比值wm/c来进行综合评价。综合试验结果,初步建议海洋干湿侵蚀环境下钢筋混凝土构件的最大裂缝宽度wmax宜小于0.003 3 c,相关结论可为海洋混凝土结构的耐久性设计提供参考。     

双宽地震资料在西湖凹陷R气田裂缝预测中的应用

西湖凹陷R气田由于埋藏深、地震资料品质差,常规地震资料处理效果不理想。2016年,通过斜缆宽频+多船宽方位的采集方式得到了高质量的双宽地震资料,分析认为,双宽地震资料具有高信噪比、高分辨率、高保真度的优势。由于R气田H7层以下主要受裂缝控制,裂缝预测的准确性关系到H7层以下油气层的开发效果。以往预测裂缝的方法只能通过地震属性和相干体定性预测,精度往往不高;通过应用双宽地震资料开展裂缝预测,可以得到较为精确的各向异性因子,从而得到裂缝密度的分布,通过裂缝密度可以表征裂缝的发育程度和方向。从预测结果来看,H7层以下裂缝较发育,且裂缝方向与解释大断层方向一致,其中H11层比H8层断裂更加发育,可以很好的解释H11砂体比H8薄但产能比H8高的矛盾;通过求取的裂缝密度,也可以预测甜点的有利发育区。     

3DMove裂缝预测技术在埕北30潜山裂缝预测中的应用

裂缝的准确描述和预测是裂缝性储层有效开发的关键,由于裂缝性储层具有极强的非均质性和致密低渗透性,储层发育的控制因素很多,因此裂缝储层空间分布预测的难度非常大,给裂缝油藏的进一步勘探开发带来很大困难。本文应用3DMove构造正反演裂缝预测技术预测古生界潜山顶和太古界顶两套地层的裂缝分布和方位,并从应力场的角度对裂缝的开启性作出分析。将该技术应用于胜利油田埕北30潜山,通过与已钻井资料对比分析,预测结果与实际井的裂缝发育情况有较好的一致性。     

Analytical Crack Model for 2-D Reinforced Concrete Structures

A two-dimensional smeared crack model for reinforced concrete members is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the bond between concrete and reinforcement as the main factor influencing tension stiffening in cracked reinforced concrete. With the derived tangential stress-strain equations for concrete in the direction perpendicular to the cracks, the constitutive relationship for cracked reinforced concrete is established. Experimental specimens have been analyzed with the analytical model, and the analytical and experimental results are found to be in good agreement.     

浅谈船闸大体积混凝土的裂缝产生的原因及控制措施

分析了理论和工程实践两方面引发大体积和大面积混凝土裂缝的原因,论述了大体积混凝土的温度变形和开裂问题,并从技术上提出了防止大体积混凝土开裂的应对措施,阐述了加强混凝土早期养护对防止混凝土温度裂缝出现的重要性。     

钢筋混凝土连续箱梁桥裂缝分析

从设计和施工角度出发,结合5孔钢筋混凝土连续箱梁工程实例,通过理论计算分析与工程实际情况比较,讨论不同阶段引起桥梁裂缝的主要原因,并提出不同阶段控制裂缝应注意的问题。     

Degradation and Mechanism of the Mechanics and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Slab in A Marine Environment

An experimental research was conducted to determine the corrosion and bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete (RC) slab at different ages in a marine environment. Results show that the development of corrosion-induced cracks on a slab in a marine environment can be divided into three stages according to crack morphology at the bottom of the slab. In the first stage, cracks appear. In the second stage, cracks develop from the edges to the middle of the slab. In the third stage, longitudinal and transverse corrosion-induced cracks coexist. The corrosion ratio of reinforcements nonlinearly increases with the age, and the relationship between the corrosion ratio of the reinforcements and the corrosion-induced crack width of the concrete is established. The flexural capacity of the corroded RC slab nonlinearly decreases with the age, and the model for the bearing capacity factor of the corroded RC slab is established. The mid-span deflection of the corroded RC slab that corresponds to the yield of the reinforcements linearly increases with the increase in corrosion ratio. Finally, the mechanisms of corrosion morphology and the degradation of the mechanical properties of an RC slab in a marine environment are discussed on the basis of the basic theories of steel corrosion in concrete and concrete structure design.     

Experimental Research on Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Composite Beams Under Uniformly Distributed Load

An experimental program was carried out to study the shear behavior of the reinforced con-crete composite beam(RCCB)subjected to two-phase uniformly distributed load.A total of 12 reinforcedconcrete composite beams were tested:10 of them were the RCCB subjected to two-phase uniformly dis-tributed load,the other 2 were the comparative reinforced concrete beams cast at the same time as theRCCB subjected to one-phase uniformly distributed load.The interface of precast unit and recast concretewas natural and rough.The test range of the main composite factors:the ratio of precast section depth tocomposite section depth was from 0.35 to 0.65,the ratio of first-phase load moment to precast section ulti-mate bearing moment was from 0.25 to 0.65.Based on the test results,the stresses of the longitudinal rein-forcements and stirrups,the load-bearing properties of the interface,the crack state and the failure charac-teristics of the RCCB under uniformly distributed load are discussed.The effects of the stirrups,the     

Prediction of Load Carrying Capacity of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beam

A novel method for prediction of the load carrying capacity of a corroded reinforced concrete beam (CRCB) is presented in the paper. Nine reinforced concrete beams, which had been working in an aggressive environment for more than 10 years, were tested in the laboratory. Comprehensive tests, including flexural test, strength test for corroded concrete and rusty rebar, and pullout test for bond strength between concrete and rebar, were condueted. The flexural test results of CRCBs reveal that the distribution of surface cracks on the beams shows a fractal behavior. The relationship between the fractal dimensions and mechanical properties of CRCBs is then studied. A prediction model based on artificial neural network (ANN) is established by the use of the fractal dimension as the corrosion index, together with the basic intbrmation of the beam. The validity of the prediction model is demonstrated through the experimental data, and satisfactory resuits are achieved.     

电化学修复过程氢致钢筋塑性降低的影响与控制试验研究

电化学修复技术是提升既有钢筋混凝土结构耐久性重要方法,能有效除去有害氯离子,延长结构使用寿命。采用电化学修复技术对钢筋混凝土结构进行耐久性修复时,作为阴极的钢筋会发生析氢反应,当钢筋表面的氢浓度达到临界值时,钢筋的塑性会降低,并发展成裂纹,导致钢筋出现氢脆现象。开展了不同电化学参数的电化学修复试验,并采用物理方法和力学方法进行了氢致塑性降低的影响分析。结果表明氢致塑性降低与电流密度、应力水平均相关;当清楚工程构件的受力状态时,可采用合适的电流密度对构件进行电化学修复,控制塑性损失程度在工程的可接受范围内,以达到钢筋氢脆控制的目的。     

A New Type Anticorrosion Coating for Ocean Reinforced Concrete Structures

—Corrosion of reinforced concrete structures is a serious problem in ocean engineering.As anorientation of study anticorrosion coating technique is developed and widely applied.but many problemsneed to be solved.LSW-2 type anticorrosion coating for maritime reinforced concrete structures is charac-terized by sea water resistance.salt fog resistance.moisture and heat resistance as well as impermeabilityto chlorions.The new type coating can be applied to wet concrete surface by conventional constructiontechnique.It is a breakthrough in solving the above- mentioned problem.The paper mainly introduces thetest results.the property indices.coating procedure.construction technique and economic benefit ofthe coating.     

Flexural performances of prestressed high strength concrete piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars

Abstract

This study developed prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) piles reinforced with high-strength materials (glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars) for flexural performance enhancement. Flexural strengths and behaviors of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars were experimentally investigated, respectively. Large-scale specimens with total lengths of 12,000?mm and diameters of 600?mm were constructed and tested under bending, accompanied by evaluation of effects of non-prestressed reinforcement type and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. J-factors were calculated to evaluate deformability of all the specimens. PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars were demonstrated to have much higher flexural capacity than those reinforced with steel bars. Moreover, strains at the midspans of cross sections of all the specimens basically conformed to the assumption of plane section. Failure of PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars was attributable to gradual concrete crushing, while that of PHC piles reinforced with steel bars resulted from steel yielding. Results of this study were expected to provide theoretical basis for wide engineering applications of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP bars and steel bars in marine structures.