长江口及邻近海域夏季表层沉积物中重金属等的分布、来源与沉积物环境质量

通过现场调查研究报道了长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属、有机碳、石油类、硫化物以及氮磷的分布、来源以及沉积物环境质量.结果显示,长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属、有机碳、石油类、硫化物以及氮磷的分布很不均匀,除硫化物外,重金属、有机碳、石油类以及氮磷基本呈现长江口和杭州湾东北近岸的上海外海出现高值,其他区域浓度较低...     

厦门西海域沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活力的分布,动态及其与各形态磷的关系

本文首次对厦门西海域表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活力的分布、动态进行了检测和分析，并在同步检测该沉积物各种形态磷含量的基础上对该酶与各形态磷的关系进行了探讨。结果表明，厦门西海域表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的活力分布与陆源排污对水体的污染有明显的相关性；酶活力与总磷、总无机磷含量相关性较大，与弱吸附可交换磷相关性不大，与总有机磷含量则呈显著不相关性。并认为，就厦门西海域而言，碱性磷酸酶活力的水平可作为小区域水     

厦门西海域沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活力的分布、动态及其与各形态磷的关系

本文首次对厦门西海域表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活力的分布、动态进行了检测和分析，并在同步检测该沉积物各种形态磷含量的基础上对该酶与各形态磷的关系进行了探讨。结果表明，厦门西海域表层沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的活力分布与陆源排污对水体的污染有明显的相关性；酶活力与总磷、总无机磷含量相关性较大，与弱吸附可交换磷相关性不大，与总有机磷含量则呈显著不相关性。并认为，就厦门西海域而言，碱性磷酸酶活力的水平可作为小区域水     

粤东柘林湾柱状沉积物中氮、磷的垂直分布

对柘林湾代表性水区柱状样沉积物中不同形态氮、磷的含量进行了分析,研究了其垂直分布规律及其历史演变趋势。研究结果显示,除湾西北三百门(S2站)和湾中央大规模网箱渔排养殖区中心(S6站)外,其余各测站柱状沉积物中的有机氮(TOM)、凯氏氮(TKN)及各形态磷含量基本呈现"沉降-降解-堆积"三阶段的分布特征,反映了成岩作用的结果。S2、S6测站柱状沉积物中的多项氮磷指标,在表层10 cm以深不降反升与这两测站的高污染压力和弱水体交换能力导致的污染物快速堆积有关。底栖动物对沉积物垂直方向的扰动可能是各氮磷指标在沉降和降解阶段产生波动变化的重要原因之一,但生物扰动对NH4 的垂直变化影响最大。自生磷(Au-P)与有机磷(OP)在表层以下随深度呈一定的镜像关系,与Au-P和OP在成岩过程中的相互转化有关。Au-P随深度的变化幅度比OP的大,表明磷在Au-P和OP之间的转移并不是磷再分配的唯一途径,其它形态的磷也可能参与磷的再分配,而两者在表层不呈镜像关系主要与微生物对两者的降解有关。     

Tessier和BCR连续提取法提取Ca、Fe、Mn、Al、Ti的评价及其在中国大陆架表层沉积物中的应用

边缘海（黄、东海）沉积物可以提供水体中广泛的信息。Tessier和BCR方法被广泛的应用于沉积物中不同地球化学相的提取。为了选取适用于第四纪大陆架沉积物不同相态的提取方法，我们进行了两种方法提取典型单一矿物的有效性和选择性实验，并且对每种方法提取天然沉积物（沉积物标准品GSD-9和3个表层沉积物）进行了评价，分析了提取液中地球化学代表性元素Ca、Fe、Mn、Al、Ti。结果表明，两种方法提取不同的地球化学相均具有很好的选择性和有效性，并且给出了两种方法每个形态的提取试剂体积的最佳用量。考虑到实际研究中吸附-解吸过程的重要性，我们推荐Tessier方法，同时利用Tessier方法提取表层沉积物提供了生产力和沉积物环境方面的信息。以上结果进一步说明Tessier方法适用于中国大陆架沉积物元素形态的提取。     

南黄海表层沉积物中氮的区域地球化学特征

通过分级浸取分离的方法获得了南黄海表层沉积物不同形态的氮，首次探讨其分布的区域性特征：南黄海表层沉积物中各形态氮在不同测线上均呈现出波状分布。B测线的基本上呈现出中部海域高，两边海域低，而西部海域又略高于东部海域的趋势，D和E测线的基本上呈现出西高、东低的趋势，C测线的则呈现出西低、东高的趋势，F测线的变化趋势比较平缓，从整体上看，SOEF—N和TN的分布呈现出西部海区比东部海区低的趋势。受各测线上沉积物种类差异的影响，自北向南各形态氮的变化幅度逐渐减小，其中SOEF-N在各测线上的变化幅度最大，且自北向南降幅最大。受水动力及沉积物粒度的影响，不同形态氮在黄海槽内各站位沉积物中的含量较高。沉积物中各形态氮在不同测线上的分布还表明，陆源输入对南黄海沉积物中氮测线分布有较小的影响，海洋自生氮对南黄海表层沉积物中氮的形态、含量与分布具有重要影响。     

台湾海峡中、北部沉积物中有机碳、全氮及全磷的含量分布特征

从分析结果，有机质、氮磷的含量分布与流的方法基本一致，它们的含量大小与沉积物粒度呈相关关系，颗粒愈细含量愈大；氮以有机氮为主要存在形式，磷则以无机磷和有机磷同时并存；闽江口附近及福建近岩沉积物中有机质的还原以陆源为主，海峡中央以海相输入法为主。     

海洋沉积物中重金属形态化学浸提法研究的评价

查明元素在自然界中的存在形态问题,无论是对地球化学基本规律的研究,或对环境质量状态的研究都有重要意义。关于整个环境中这方面研究的分析技术,国内已有专文介绍。本文旨在评介研究海洋沉积物重金属形态的一些化学方法。 一、研究海洋沉积物微量元素形态的两种方法     

杭州湾淡化对虾养殖池水中氮磷营养盐的存在特征

利用2002年5～7月对杭州湾淡化对虾养殖虾池水环境中氮磷营养盐的调查资料,分析了该养殖水环境中氮磷营养盐的存在形态与行为,结果表明:(1)在该养殖水环境中,IP含量随时间变化不大,相对较稳定;(2)IN含量的变化主要受生物活动控制,在养殖过程中变化较大,NO3-N为IN的主要存在形态,但在养殖后期,NO2-N含量有所增加;(3)该养殖水环境中氮磷营养盐含量均超过富营养化阈值,因而已无法判断浮游植物生长的限制因子;(4)叶绿素a与IN含量成显著负相关,而与IP含量的相关性不显著。     

三亚湾沉积物中磷释放的初步研究

利用现场调查和室内模拟试验的结果,探讨了三亚湾表层沉积物中磷的形态与磷释放的关系以及环境条件变化对该湾沉积物中磷释放的影响。结果表明,三亚湾海水总磷(TP)中以总溶解磷(TDP)为主,总溶解磷约占总磷61%,其余形态磷约占总磷30.7%。初步计算了三亚湾沉积物 海水界面间DIP、TDP和TP的扩散通量分别为15.31、64.99和330.50μmol·(m2·d)-1。沉积物总磷(PT)中以无机结合态磷(PIN)为主,无机结合态磷约占沉积物总磷70.7%,其余形态磷约占沉积物总磷33.3%。沉积物中磷释放取决于磷的形态,总磷、有机结合态磷(POR)和无机结合态磷在沉积物磷的释放中所起的作用较大,其余形态的磷所起的作用较小。温度、盐度和pH的变化对沉积物中磷释放均产生一定的影响,相关分析表明,TDP和DIP这2种形态磷均具有相似的释放规律。     

Iron and inorganic carbon in Liaodong Gulf sediments of Bohai Sea in China

1Introduction Ithasbeenapprovedthatoceanisthenetsink foratmosphericcarbondioxide(Sabineetal.,2000;Milleretal.,2002;Takahashietal.,2002;DeGrandpreetal.,2002;Song,2004).Thereare twoprincipalwaysinwhichcarbonisdrawndown fromthesurfaceocean:thereductionofinor…     

个性化大地测量报表服务的实现

报表服务是大地测量信息系统的一项基本功能，但往往会因为格式的微小调整而导致系统的整体重构。首先分析了当前报表生成方法的缺点，提出了基于XML相关技术生成报表的新思路；然后介绍了以XML为基本语法的统一数据交换接口，屏蔽了各种报表数据源的差异；重点讨论了如何运用XSL技术将接口文件变换成通用的HTML，并对报表中的图形信息用SVG进行描述，从而将报表转换成通用浏览器可以识别的信息模型；最后对此技术进行了实践。通过在系统外部更改报表样式文件，能够实现报表服务的个性化，增强系统的扩展性。     

A new mothed of classifying the growth form of corals and its application to a field survey of coral-associated animals in Kabira Cove,Ishigaki Island

In order to classify the growth form of corals, the following “growth form index” was defined to denote coral shape objectively: Growth Form Index=Coral Surface Area/ (Coral Wet Weight)^2/3. On the basis of this index, growth forms of corals were classified into four major forms: massive, irregular shaped, branching, and highly branching. Coral-associated animals were classified into four groups according to their mode of living: freeliving epi-, sessile epi-, boring crypto-, and secondary crypto-bionts. For the quantitative study of the distribution of coral-associated animals in each growth form of coral and in each habitat of the study area, living coral heads were collected using SCUBA from 10 stations representing various habitats in Kabira Cove, Ishigaki Island, Yaéyama Group, Okinawa Prefecture. By comparing the proportions of four life forms of animals associated with each of the four different growth forms of corals at each station, some consistent patterns were found: massive corals were dominated by both boring and secondary cryptobionts, while branching and highly branching corals were dominated by free-living and sessile epibionts. In addition, the absolute numbers as well as the proportions of the four life forms of animals associated with a given growth form of coral changed from the outer-reef outside the bay to the bay head. From these various distribution patterns, it became clear that the growth forms of corals have a strong influence on the micro ecological distribution of coral-associated animals at each station, while the physical environment regulates the distribution of these animals in a given locality on the macroscopic scale.     

南海深海盆表层沉积物氮的地球化学特征与生态学功能

研究了南海深海盆区域(南沙海槽西南部)表层沉积物中氮的形态、分布及其在生物地球化学循环中的功能.研究表明,表层沉积物中不同形态氮的含量不同.其中,氧化还原转化态的氮(SOEF-N)含量最高,平均为68.3μg/g,占总氮(TN)的7.08%;弱酸转化态氮(WAEF-N)含量最小,仅占总氮(TN)的1.09%.离子交换态(IEF-N),WAEF-N,S OEF-N及TN的地球化学分布特征存在一定相似性:均由海槽东西两侧向中央递增,并在槽底呈高含量分布;SAEF-N(强碱转化态)分布则与该趋势相反.IEF-N,SAEF-N和SOEF-N的分布主要受沉积物中有机碳含量(OC)控制;而WAEF-N则与碳酸盐(CaCO₃)存在显著的负相关关系;TN与OC不具有显著意义的相关,间接说明二者来源的不同.同时,各形态氮的分布还与沉积物粒度类型密切联系.此外,研究区域内由沉积物提供的氮源很大程度上补偿了浮游植物对水体中营养盐的消耗,对维持该海域的初级生产力水平起到一定作用.其中,IEF-N和SOEF-N的释放对浮游植物生长及初级生产力的贡献较为显著.     

Nitrogen forms and decomposition of organic carbon in the southern Bohai Sea core sediments

Study on form characteristics of nitrogen in marine sediments is the primary method to research its biogeochemical cycling and nitrogen form characteristics in core sediments can reflect the process and results of early diagenesis in a certain degree. In this paper, Sequential extraction process in natural grain size was used for studying the existent forms of nitrogen in five core sediments of the southern Bohai Sea for the first time. Nitrogen was divided into two parts -transferable and fixed based on whether it could be extracted by the reagent. Distributions and early diagenesis of transferable nitrogen forms in the southern Bohai Sea were researched integratedly. Results indicate that IEF - N and OSF-N are predominant forms in transferable part in the studied core sediments. Contents of different nitrogen forms vary differently with depth, and have different diagenesis process. Decomposition constant of organic nitrogen (ON) and OC are about 15.51 × 10~(-3)a~(-1)and 4.79× 10~(-3)a~(-1) respective     

Whose sustainability? Top–down participation and emergent rules in marine protected area management in Indonesia

A review of a major community-based marine protected area programme (CB-MPA) in an Indonesian island archipelago is the point of departure for this article. Despite a well-designed institutional structure to facilitate local participation, local knowledge about the CB-MPA is found to be low and resource access and influence on decision-making in the programme is negligible for the majority of islanders. At the same time, most of those who know about the programme consider it as pertaining to the public authority only. These findings stand in contrast to evidence on non-formal ways of protecting and managing marine areas in the same geographical area but outside the formal MPA institutional framework. In particular, the article identifies a number of emergent rules-in-use in marine management, which operate parallel to legally established MPAs. It is argued that emergent forms of marine area protection such as non-formal self-organising island exclusion zones (IEZ) offer as yet mostly unused potentials for formal MPA development, particularly in those coastal and marine areas without traditional forms of marine and coastal management.     

Content of Organic Carbon,Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Deep-Water Coralline Algae Biocenoses,South China Sea

Oceanology - The influence of habitat depth on the content of organic carbon (Corg), as well as organic and mineral forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), in the biocenosis of coralline algae at...     

Phosphorous Forms in Sediments and Their Distribution in the Yangtze Estuary and Coastal Areas

Based on analyses of surface and core sediments in the tidal flats of the Yangtze Estuary and coastal areas, the present study reveals phosphorous forms existing in sediments and their distributions. The results show that phosphorus in tidal flat sediments in the study area mainly consists of inorganic phosphorous forms, involving DP, Fe-P, Al-P, and Ca-P and organic phosphorous forms, in which Ca-P and OP are dominant compositions. This finding indicates that spatial distributions of various phosphorous forms are related to sedimentary environments in water and grain sizes of sediments, and are influenced by sewage discharges and effluents from aquacultivation in the coastal areas.