在实验条件下温度对3种不同规格魁蚶幼贝生长和存活的影响

在6~24℃室内可控温范围内,每3℃为一个梯度,以魁蚶壳长、体质量日增长率以及存活率作为指标,研究了温度对3种规格魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)幼贝(小规格壳长6.565 mm±0.225 mm、体质量53.704 mg±5.830 mg;中规格壳长10.114 mm±0.446 mm、体质量181.918 mg±24.797 mg;大规格壳长14.725 mm±0.315 mm、体质量562.416 mg±42.791 mg)生长和存活的影响。结果表明,3种规格魁蚶幼贝在6~24℃水温下均能生长,但在水温6℃及24℃下的壳长和体质量日增长率均较低;水温9℃时3种规格的幼贝的存活率均最高,水温24℃时3种规格幼贝的存活率均最低;水温6~21℃时3种规格幼贝的存活率随着规格的增大而提高,水温24℃时3种规格幼贝的存活率随着规格的增大而降低;小、中、大规格幼贝适宜生长温度分别为10.7~22.3、6.9~23.2、3.7~23.3℃,较适宜生长温度分别为14.3~19.5、15.8~21.6、11.5~21.0℃,最适生长温度分别为18、18、15℃。实验结论为,随着规格增大,魁蚶幼贝适宜生长温度范围扩大,最适生长温度降低,本实验确定了魁蚶幼贝适宜的生长温度,为更有效地开展魁蚶中间培育和底播增殖提供理论支持。     

不同饵料种类、投喂方式及环境条件对凡纳滨对虾相对摄食量的影响

为提高对虾养殖过程中的饵料利用率并减少养殖废水的排放,作者以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为实验对象,研究了不同饵料种类、投喂方式、体质量、充气量、光照强度、水温及盐度对其相对摄食量的影响。结果表明:配合饲料组对虾的相对摄食量显著高于冰鲜虾肉组;连续单颗投喂时对虾的相对摄食量较高;相对摄食量随对对虾体重升高而显著(P0.01)下降,而且不同规格的对虾在竞争条件下平均相对摄食量会降低;充气量6 L/min组对虾的相对摄食量明显高于另外两组;弱光环境下对虾的相对摄食量较高;水温和盐度对相对摄食量的影响极显著(P0.01),在32℃时对虾获得最大相对摄食量,在盐度为5时相对摄食量最小,高盐度下组间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,在实际生产中应采取少量多次的投饵策略,并根据环境条件的变化合理的调整投饵量。     

温度和微藻饵料对强额孔雀水蚤摄食的影响

论文以强额孔雀水蚤(Parvocalanuscarssirostris)为研究对象,研究了不同培养温度(18℃、22℃、26℃、30℃)、不同种类微藻(球等鞭金藻(Isochrysisgalbana)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica))饵料以及不同饵料质量浓度(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、5μgC/mL)对强额孔雀水蚤摄食的影响。结果表明:强额孔雀水蚤的清滤率随温度上升而上升,随饵料浓度上升而下降,26℃~30℃以及饵料浓度为0.5μgC/mL时清滤率较高;滤食率和摄食率随温度上升而上升,摄食球等鞭金藻和牟氏角毛藻时,在26℃时达到最高;摄食青岛大扁藻时,两者随温度升高持续上升。对3种藻的摄食率大小顺序为:青岛大扁藻>球等鞭金藻>牟氏角毛藻;强额孔雀水蚤摄食碳量占体碳比较高,远高于中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、海洋伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus annandalei)等大中型桡足类;强额孔雀水蚤的最适饵料等效球直径约为11.5μm,青岛大扁藻为强额孔雀水蚤较适口的饵料。     

饵料、温度对香螺摄食的影响

采用实验生态学方法，通过分析摄食喜好系数、平均个体摄食量等参数，研究香螺（Neptunea arthritica cumingii）摄食选择性，以及温度、饵料状态对香螺摄食量的影响。结果表明，香螺成螺对不同的饵料具有明显的摄食选择性，喜食程度的顺序依次为缢蛏（Sinonovacula constricta）、菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）和毛蚶（Scapharca subcrenata）。随着温度的升高，不同规格香螺摄食量先升高后降低，摄食高峰出现在15℃，香螺对于已开壳饵料的摄食量显著高于未开壳饵料。     

温度对半滑舌鳎的生长、生化组成和能量收支的影响

研究了不同温度(16,19,22,25,28和31 ℃)对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)幼鱼的生长、体成分组成和能量收支的影响.结果表明,随温度的升高,半滑舌鳎幼鱼生长率总体呈现先升高后降低的趋势.其中,在19～25 ℃温度范围内,半滑舌鳎幼鱼的特定生长率相对较高,在16和28 ℃下则有所降低,而在31 ℃下,半滑舌鳎幼鱼特定生长率则显著降低.本研究表明半滑舌鳎幼鱼特定生长率与温度符合二次曲线模型.半滑舌鳎摄食量随温度升高而逐渐增大,但在31 ℃时显著减小,饵料转化率则随温度的升高而降低.鱼体脂肪与能值均随温度升高而降低,蛋白质含量受温度影响不显著.温度对半滑舌鳎的能量收支影响显著,其中,生长能和代谢能主导半滑舌鳎的能量分配,生长能占摄食能比例则随温度的升高而降低,呼吸能占摄食能比例则随温度的升高而升高.本研究表明,半滑舌鳎幼鱼(13～37 g)适宜生长温度范围为18～25 ℃,而不同温度导致的半滑舌鳎摄食量和能量收支的差异可能是温度影响其生长的主要生理生态学机制.     

不同温度、盐度和培育密度对脉红螺浮游幼虫生长存活的影响

为实现脉红螺苗种规模化生产,确立适宜苗种生长的环境条件。本文分析了6个不同温度、6个不同盐度和5个不同培育密度对脉红螺浮游幼虫生长和存活的影响。温度实验结果显示:适宜脉红螺浮游幼虫生长的温度范围是24~30℃,最适生长温度是30℃;适宜的存活温度范围是24~30℃,最适存活温度是27℃。盐度实验结果显示:适宜脉红螺浮游幼虫生长的盐度范围是22~30,最适生长盐度是26;适宜的存活盐度范围是22~34,最适存活盐度是26。密度实验结果显示:脉红螺浮游幼虫培育密度不应高于1个/mL,适宜的培育密度范围是0.1~0.5个/mL。     

多棘海盘车对魁蚶摄食量、选择性及昼夜摄食差异的初步研究（英文）

在水温为16~20℃、盐度28.2±2.1、溶解氧为(7.5±0.7)mg/L、pH为8.0±0.3的条件下,研究了3种规格多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)对4种规格魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的摄食量、摄食选择性和摄食昼夜差异。研究表明:多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量均随魁蚶底播密度的增加而上升;不同规格多棘海盘车对同一规格魁蚶摄食数量无显著差异(p0.05),但对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量存在一定差异,对于最小壳长组的摄食数量最大;多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶软体部摄食量与魁蚶规格呈成显著正相关;多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量均存在一定的昼夜差异且夜间的摄食数量大于昼间,魁蚶规格越大,多棘海盘车对魁蚶最大摄食数量时间出现的越晚。结果表明:魁蚶适宜底播密度在30 ind/m~2左右,底播规格越大越能有效防御敌害。根据多棘海盘车对贝类捕食特点,可采用浅水低值贝类作为诱捕生物对多棘海盘车进行清除。     

多棘海盘车对魁蚶摄食量、选择性及昼夜摄食差异的初步研究

在水温16~20℃、盐度28.2±2.1、溶解氧(7.5±0.7)mg/L、pH8.0±0.3的条件下,研究了3种规格多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)对4种规格魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的摄食量、摄食选择性和摄食昼夜差异。研究表明:多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量均随魁蚶底播密度的增加而上升;不同规格多棘海盘车对同一规格魁蚶摄食数量无显著差异(P0.05),但对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量存在一定差异,对最小壳长组魁蚶的摄食数量最大;多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶软体部摄食量与魁蚶规格呈显著正相关;多棘海盘车对不同规格魁蚶摄食数量均存在一定的昼夜差异且夜间的摄食数量大于昼间,魁蚶规格越大,多棘海盘车的最大摄食数量的时间出现越晚。结果表明:魁蚶适宜底播密度在30ind/m2左右,底播规格越大越能有效防御敌害。根据多棘海盘车对贝类捕食特点,可采用浅水低值贝类作为诱捕生物对多棘海盘车进行清除。     

动物性饵料对脉红螺(Rapana venosa)幼体的吸引性研究

采用生态学方法进行了新鲜和煮熟的动物性饵料对脉红螺(Rapana venosa)浮游幼体的吸引作用研究。结果表明, 脉红螺浮游幼体在4螺层期是食性转换期, 且在幼体到达3螺层后期的第1—6天是投放附着基和动物性饵料的最佳时期。此外, 新鲜和熟的双壳贝类肉对脉红螺幼体有明显的吸引力, 吸附于新鲜贝肉上的4螺层幼体占吸附幼体总数的48.61%, 显著大于其它螺层幼体; 脉红螺幼体选择新鲜紫贻贝肉的比例为33.75%, 显著大于菲律宾蛤仔(24.08%)、中国蛤蜊(18.97%)和长牡蛎(23.19%); 而熟贝肉中, 长牡蛎对幼体的吸引作用显著大于紫贻贝、菲律宾蛤仔、中国蛤蜊、海湾扇贝边粉和空白对照; 新鲜紫贻贝和熟长牡蛎肉具有作为脉红螺幼体食性转换期动物性饵料的开发潜力。     

不同温度对方斑东风螺生理代谢的影响

为了研究温度对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)能量收支的影响, 作者采用室内静水法, 分析了不同养殖水体温度条件下方斑东风螺幼螺的摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率、排氨率、黏液排泄率的变化规律。结果表明, 方斑东风螺摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率和排氨率均随温度升高呈现先上升后下降趋势。其中各温度处理组摄食率差异显著(P < 0.05), 在23 ℃时最低为2.548±0.093 mg/(g/h), 29 ℃时最高为4.958±0.150 mg/(g/h); 排粪率为1.695±0.037~2.892±0.074 mg/(g/h), 在29℃时达到最高; 耗氧率在29 ℃时最高为0.437±0.054 mg/(g/h), 23 ℃时最低为0.202±0.027 mg/(g/h); 在本实验条件下, 方斑东风螺排氨率为0.009±0.001~0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h), 各温度处理组间均有显著差异(P < 0.05), 且在29 ℃时最高为0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h)。黏液排泄率在23 ℃时最高为0.030±0.001 mg/(g/h), 显著高于其他各温度组(P < 0.05)。基于不同温度下能量收支方程, 得出26 ℃下方斑东风螺生长余能最多, 占摄入总能量的37.855%, 其次是29 ℃、32 ℃和23 ℃, 分别为37.850%、32.098%和30.438%。     

Abundance, population structure and production of macro-invertebrate shredders in a Mediterranean brackish lagoon, Lake Ichkeul, Tunisia

Abundance, population structure and production of the macro-invertebrates belonging to the functional feeding group of the shredders were studied in the Ichkeul wetland, northern Tunisia, from July 1993 to April 1994. Mean above-ground macrophyte biomass was at a maximum in September followed by a complete breakdown of the Potamogeton pectinatus L. meadow from October onward due to high salinity following an exceptionally dry winter. Only the meadow of Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande at Tinja remained in place. Abundance of Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov 1931), Idotea chelipes (Pallas 1766) and Sphaeroma hookeri Leach 1814 was significantly related to the R. cirrhosa biomass. Gammarus aequicauda presented two recruitment periods in spring and autumn, and S. hookeri a third one in winter. The population of I. chelipes was renewed during winter by continued reproduction without any spring generation. Recruitment of all three species was not very successful during the study period. Life span of all three species was between 12 and 15 months. Despite their relatively low biomass and production rate, the shredders have a key function in processing macrophyte matter to different trophic levels through fragmentation and accelerating the decomposition of macrophyte biomass accumulated at the end of the growth season in the Ichkeul lagoon.     

经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用的回顾与展望

经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。     

一株单环刺螠致病弧菌的分离鉴定、生长特性研究及药敏分析

对患病的单环刺螠幼体3 000～4 000只/kg肠道内病原菌进行分离鉴定、生长特性研究及药敏分析,为人工养殖单环刺螠幼体过程中出现的疾病提供治疗依据。对患病幼体肠道内的病原菌进行分离纯化、生理生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列分析、人工回接感染试验、生长曲线测定、最适生长温度、pH、盐度的探究;采用K-B纸片扩散法对米诺环素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、头孢唑林、四环素中度敏感,对阿奇霉素、新霉素、万古霉素、利福平、红霉素、克林霉素、阿莫西林进行药敏试验;并对抑菌效果最好的药品进行安全性检测。分离纯化后经生理生化鉴定获得一种弧菌命名为菌株SX-1,16S rRNA基因序列分析极有可能为新喀里多尼亚弧菌(Vibrioneocaledonicus),人工回接感染试验表明SX-1是单环刺螠幼体从沙底钻出,活动能力减弱,体表变红症状的致病菌,生长特性研究表明其最适生长温度、pH、盐度分别为30℃, 6.0, 35;药敏试验结果表明, SX-1对氯霉素、羧苄西林、氧氟沙星、头孢曲松高度敏感,安全性检测实验表明,氧氟沙星抑菌治疗效果明显,并对单环刺螠无伤害。从单环刺螠肠道内分离获得了一种极有可能为新喀里多尼亚弧菌(Vibrio neocaledonicus)的致病菌SX-1。对于感染该种弧菌的单环刺螠,氧氟沙星抑菌治疗效果明显,并对单环刺螠无伤害。我们的实验结果对于预防并治疗人工养殖过程中单环刺螠患病提供理论依据和治疗模式,因而具有实际指导意义。     

Morphological and molecular evidence supports the first occurrence of two fishes,Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835)and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829)(Actinopterygii:Perciformes), from marine waters of Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal,India

Marine ecosystems provide a wide variety of diverse habitats that frequently promote migration and ecological adaptation. The extent to which the geographic distribution of marine organism has reshaped by human activities remains underappreciated. The limitations intrinsic to morphology-based identification systems have engendered an urgent need for reliable genetic methods that enable the unequivocal recognition of fish species,particularly those that are prone to overexploitation and/or market substitution. In the present study, however, an attempt has been taken to identify two locally adapted fish species, Siganus sutor(Valenciennes, 1835) and Seriolina nigrofasciata(Rüppell, 1829) of order Perciformes, which happens to be the first record in Odisha coast,Bay of Bengal. The diagnostic characteristics of Siganus sutor are: dorsal fin XIII-10, anal fin VII-9, pectoral fin 15,pelvic fin II-3, while that of Seriolina nigrofasciata dorsal fin VI-I-35, anal fin I-17, pectoral fin 16, pelvic fin 5. All COI barcodes generated in this study were matched with reference sequences of expected species, according to morphological identification. Bayesian and likelihood phylogenetic trees were drawn based on DNA barcodes and all the specimens clustered in agreement with their taxonomic classification at the species level. The phylogeographic studies based on haplotype network and migration rates suggest that both the species were not panmitic and the high-frequency population distribution indicates successful migration. The result of this study provides an important validation of the use of DNA barcode sequences for monitoring species diversity and changes within a complex marine ecosystem.     

Temporal changes and spatial variation of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification rates in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy

The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. ¹⁵N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen.     

大黄鱼Lcnkl3基因的分子结构、表达特征及多肽片段抗菌活性

作为重要的免疫基因, NK-lysin参与了鱼类非特异性免疫系统对抗病原感染的免疫应答过程。在之前的研究中, 我们已经发现重要经济鱼类大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)体内存在2种类型的NK-lysin基因。在本文中我们报道了1种新型大黄鱼NK-lysin基因Lcnkl3, 并对基因序列、表达特征及其多肽片段的抗菌活性进行了分析。Lcnkl3基因的开放阅读框长度为435 bp, 编码144个氨基酸残基, 其多肽序列Lcnkl3中包含Saposin B结构域及6个高度保守的半胱氨酸残基。系统进化分析表明Lcnkl3与大黄鱼Lcnkl2最为相似, 与其他鱼类NK-lysin多肽则差异较大。Lcnkl3基因在未受感染的大黄鱼各组织中具有不同的基础表达量, 表达水平最高的组织为心脏。在病原诱导的免疫应答过程中, Lcnkl3基因在各组织不同感染阶段的表达模式存在差异。源于Lcnkl3成熟肽序列的多肽片段对不同细菌的抑制和杀灭效果差异显著。以上结果表明Lcnkl3属于大黄鱼NK-lysin基因家族, 并参与了大黄鱼对抗病原感染的免疫过程。     

牙鲆耐寒相关基因CIRP、HMGB1的克隆及表达特征分析

为鲆鲽鱼耐低温标记辅助育种研究和应用提供候选基因,并了解耐寒相关基因在低温下的表达图示,作者通过同源克隆以及5?/3?RACE的方法扩增得到了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)CIRP和HMGB1基因。组织表达谱分析显示,这两个基因在脑、鳃、心脏、肌肉、肝脏、肠等组织均有表达,但HMGB1基因在鳃中表达较弱。低温胁迫后,两基因随着胁迫时间的延长其表达量在肌肉中都出现先上升后下降的趋势:在0~12 h逐渐上升并达到最大值,然后下降恢复至最初水平。但在肝脏和脑组织中的变化趋势却不同,低温胁迫后0~2 h HMGB1基因在脑中的表达量上升至最高,然后下降至最初水平,在肝脏中变化不大。而CIRP基因在低温胁迫后0~2 h在肝脏中表达量处于上升趋势,然后下降至初始水平,在脑中变化不大。由此推测,这两个基因在低温条件下都参与了机体对外界的抵抗,特别是在抵抗外界寒冷的主要组织—肌肉中发挥作用,可能共同参与了机体的免疫反应,对低温胁迫环境下的鱼体进行保护,可以作为鱼类耐低温标记筛选的候选基因。     

Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa

The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm³)⁻¹] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m⁻²; 941 mg m⁻² and 196 mg m⁻² at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed.     

Morphological observation and rbcL gene sequences studies of two new species, Grateloupia dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao, sp. nov. and G. yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan, sp. nov. (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from China

A few species in the genus Grateloupia (Halymeniaceae,Rhodophyta) have been investigated in detail with respect to morphological observations and molecular analyses.In this study,the authors document the vegetative and reproductive structures of two new species of Grateloupia,G.dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao,sp.nov.and G.yinggehaiensis H.W.Wang et R.X.Luan,sp.nov.They both have the morphological character that carpogonial ampullae and auxiliary cell ampullae are the simple Grateloupia-type.The two species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by their distinctive morphological features respectively.Based on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene sequences,the phylogenetic tree obtained in the study indicated that they are both embedded within the Grateloupia clade.G.dalianensis clusters a subclade with G.asiatica,and G.yinggehaiensis forms a single monophyletic subclade with G.hawaiiana.     

湛江湾和平水母属2新种(软水母亚纲,锥螅水母目,和平水母科)

采自广东湛江湾海域软水母亚纲(Leptomedusae Claus,1877)、锥螅水母目(Conica Broch，1916)、和平水母科(Eirenidae Haeckel, 1879)、和平水母属(Eirene Eschscholtz，1829) 2新种，即大腺和平水母新种(E. macrogonia Huang, Sun et Liu，sp. nov.)和湛江和平水母新种(E. zhanjiangensis Huang, Zhang et Zao, sp. nov.)。其鉴别特征如下:(1)大腺和平水母，新种；伞扁于半球形，胶质中等厚；胃柄基部塔状，胃柄较长，伸出伞腔口外；垂管长度短于口唇，4个发达口唇边缘呈齿状皱褶；生殖腺发达波状弯曲，着生于辐管下伞部，从胃柄基部延伸到伞缘外；19～24条缘触手，5～8个缘疣，触手基部呈球状，无排泄乳突；每2条触手间或触手和缘疣间有1个平衡囊，每个平衡囊有1～2个平衡石；4条辐管，1条环管。(2)湛江和平水母，新种；伞半球形，胶质厚；胃柄基部呈塔形，末端变窄；垂管较长，约等于口唇长度，口唇边缘有齿状皱褶；生殖腺带状，从胃柄基部延伸至近伞缘；缘触手多，70～125条，触手基球有排泄乳突；平衡囊数目约为触手数的1/2；4条辐管，1条环管。