海洋经济研究知识资源的整合策略

基于海洋经济研究特质、发展及成果转化需求,从积聚海洋科技发展信息、集成海洋经济研究信息、跟进海洋经济发展信息等３ 个层面阐释海洋经济研究知识资源的内容特征,提出构建海洋科技成果库、决策需求与研究导向库、海洋经济研究的项目与成果知识库、海洋经济研究文献知识库、海洋经济研究领域知识库等整合海洋经济研究知识资源的策略。     

基于文献计量的波浪能领域研究态势分析

以Web of Science数据库中收录的主题为波浪能文献数据为研究对象，利用文献计量与知识图谱可视化分析方法，梳理波浪能领域研究趋势、科研力量布局，分析主要涉及学科方向和学科交叉情况，构建领域监测指标和前沿热点剖面，挖掘领域演进脉络与高被引关键文献，分析全球波浪能研究领域研究动态、前瞻热点及未来趋势，为波浪能发展提供参考。研究发现：波浪能领域科研论文体量及被引量整体呈逐步上升趋势，经历初步发展、繁荣发展和深化发展的阶段，涌现一批核心文献与著者，团体化纵深协作趋势尚待强化，亟需多学科深度融合。英国、葡萄牙等欧洲国家发展领先，研究机构方面普利茅斯大学、里斯本大学优势明显。该领域热点主要集中在波浪能转换装置、波浪能资源评估、振荡水柱波能转换、波浪能多能互补及环境相互作用。与风能等新能源多能互补和组合式联合发电、与其他海上结构耦合开发成为重要发展方向。     

赤潮历史记载及其成因与危害

阐述我国对赤潮研究的历史记载与过程、赤潮种类、成因及其对我国及河北省渔业带来的危害,以引起各级部门的重视,促进赤潮研究的发展。     

海洋生态动力学模型的研究进展

海洋生态系统动力学模型与模拟研究是海洋生态学研究的最重要方面之一,依据近来国内外的研究成果,综述了海洋生态系统动力学模型的目的、研究方法及建立数学模型应遵循的原则、进展以及未来的发展方向,讨论了海洋生态模型的基本性质及分类并就它们在海洋生态系统研究中的应用作了一些初步分析。     

海洋大数据应用技术分析与趋势研究

随着各类探测设备及计算模拟的发展,科学研究进入第四范式"数据密集型发现",海洋领域亦已进入大数据时代,各类海洋大数据应用技术也成为海洋科学研究的关注焦点。本文从海洋大数据的产生到海洋大数据应用整个链条进行探讨。首先对海洋大数据的定义及特征进行了讨论;其次从技术方面,从多源感知与探测、存储与管理、分析挖掘、可视化角度对海洋大数据应用技术研究的基础和研究现状进行分析,最后从实践方面,对相关技术研究的应用现状及应用前景进行了说明,为海洋科学及技术研究发展提供重要参考依据。     

湖泊水文学的发展及趋势

一、我国历代对湖泊的利用与研究 湖泊水文学是以湖水为研究对象,研究湖水的来源与去路、湖水的理化性质及湖水中各种水文现象的发生、发展过程及其内在联系,以及湖泊资源的控制和利用的学科。在古代,湖泊水文学尚未形成一门独立的学科,而湖泊学的发展,则是     

棘皮动物学研究现状与展望

棘皮动物为海洋中特有,从热带海域到寒带海域,从潮间带到数千米的深海都有分布,在海洋生态系统的结构和功能中发挥着重要作用。作为一类重要的经济动物,棘皮动物与人类有着密不可分的关系,发展棘皮动物学研究及其产业化十分紧迫。本文综述了棘皮动物学的发展和研究现状,提出了未来发展趋势及对策,包括棘皮动物生物学与生物多样性、遗传与行为生态学、种质资源保护与遗传改良、健康苗种规模化繁育、病害预防与环境控制、健康养殖设施与模式、产品安全与质量控制、产业发展规划与市场管理等。     

中国加入综合大洋钻探(IODP)科学计划(2003-2013)

我国加入IODP要在加入ODP以后取得进展的基础上,继续加强古海洋学研究,并同时向洋中脊、深部生物圈等新领域发展。具体包括以下优先研究领域：深部生物圈及海底下的海洋、古环境研究、西太平洋大陆边缘岩石圈演化与震源带。     

海空重力测量及应用技术研究进展与展望(三):数据处理与精度评估技术

系统分析总结了海空重力测量数据预处理即各项环境效应改正技术的研究现状及发展方向,简要论述了海空重力测量数据精细处理即数据滤波与误差补偿技术的研究动态及发展前景,分析讨论了海空重力测量精度评估技术的研究进展及发展思路,为海空重力测量数据处理及精度评估技术的未来发展提供参考。     

国际海岸线变化研究进展综述——基于文献计量学方法

以SCIE数据库为基础,基于1024篇文献和VOSviewer(Visualization of Similarities Viewer)文献网络分析软件,运用文献计量学方法分析1970年以来国际海岸线变化研究的发展特征,并结合文献综述方法,归纳海岸线变化研究主要涉及的科学问题及研究热点。研究表明:近50年来,国际上海岸线变化研究文献发文量整体呈上升趋势,主要涉及地球科学、环境科学和自然地理等学科,《Journal of Coastal Research》是此主题最主要的发文期刊;美国及其国内的地质调查局、杜克大学和佛罗里达大学一直引领该领域的研究及其发展,并形成以其为核心的主要合作集群;岸线侵蚀一直是该领域研究的重点问题,遥感和GIS逐渐发展为岸线变化研究的主要手段,海岸线变化的驱动力分析及模拟预测、岸线变化的自然与社会效应以及海岸带综合管理研究成为近年来的研究热点;中国在该领域的研究起步较晚,但发展迅速。本研究对促进我国海岸线变化研究的发展及海岸带综合管理实践有较好的参考和借鉴作用。     

Ecological considerations in constructing marine infrastructure: The Falmouth cruise terminal development,Jamaica

Cruise tourism is an important and expanding global industry. The growth of this sector,coupled with the continuous development of larger cruise ships, creates demands for new marine infrastructure. The development of these marine infrastructures takes place at the intersection of global cruise tourism, dredging and financial networks, and local social economic and civil society networks. In this paper we analyse how the interaction of these global and local networks influences ecosystem based design in marine infrastructure development, taking the Falmouth cruise terminal in Jamaica as case study. Based on this analysis of global and local networks four conditions are identified that enable and stimulate ecosystem based design of marine infrastructures: a shared (discursive) goal connecting global and local actors; brokers that connect different networks; the availability of adequate resources; and an environmental discourse that is materialized in standards and legislation.     

国际海洋科技领域研究热点及未来布局

近年来,全球海洋研究呈现出若干新的特点。本文基于对近年来全球重要海洋研究进展信息,分析了全球环境变化背景下几个重要研究热点方向的最新进展,包括全球海洋物理环境变化研究、海洋塑料污染研究、海洋酸化研究、南北极和印度洋研究以及海洋技术开发等。基于对美国、英国、日本和俄罗斯等重要海洋国家最新发布的海洋科技创新政策和计划,分析了各国海洋科技未来布局和重点关注领域。最后,总结了全球海洋领域的发展趋势:(1)气候变化问题在海洋中的延伸效应将持续受到关注;(2)全球性海洋环境问题的导向作用更加明显;(3)海洋技术向智能化方向发展;(4)海洋战略规划的引领作用日渐加强。     

The regional approach to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction

The development of regional initiatives for the protection of the environment is a cornerstone of international environmental policies. With regard to marine and coastal issues, this regionalisation has mainly been taking place through regional seas programmes and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations. Some regional initiatives and organisations have progressively extended their activities to areas beyond national jurisdiction. This paper aims at analysing these recent developments, highlighting their interests and challenges, and proposing options to strengthen the efficiency of regional actions in these areas. It also highlights the need to consider the global discussions on a possible new global agreement and the development of regional actions as two interconnected processes.     

Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs)

Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs) are presented as a tool to explore the behaviour of global ocean-ice models under forcing from a common atmospheric dataset. We highlight issues arising when designing coupled global ocean and sea ice experiments, such as difficulties formulating a consistent forcing methodology and experimental protocol. Particular focus is given to the hydrological forcing, the details of which are key to realizing simulations with stable meridional overturning circulations.The atmospheric forcing from [Large, W., Yeager, S., 2004. Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: the data sets and flux climatologies. NCAR Technical Note: NCAR/TN-460+STR. CGD Division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research] was developed for coupled-ocean and sea ice models. We found it to be suitable for our purposes, even though its evaluation originally focussed more on the ocean than on the sea-ice. Simulations with this atmospheric forcing are presented from seven global ocean-ice models using the CORE-I design (repeating annual cycle of atmospheric forcing for 500 years). These simulations test the hypothesis that global ocean-ice models run under the same atmospheric state produce qualitatively similar simulations. The validity of this hypothesis is shown to depend on the chosen diagnostic. The CORE simulations provide feedback to the fidelity of the atmospheric forcing and model configuration, with identification of biases promoting avenues for forcing dataset and/or model development.     

大地构造理论研究的历史、现状与发展

本文概述了近２００年来大地构造理论建立与发展历史。当今大地构造理论研究的现状,各种学派的理论观点,特别是板块构造理论在地学革命中对大地构造理论发展的影响,随之产生的地体构造和新的全球构造观。尽管板块构造理论曾一度占据主导地位,但有关大陆构造、全球构造、造山作用和运动机制等一些基本问题尚未得到完满的解决。７０年代以来,国际上开展一系列重大调查研究计划,使地球科学朝着“广、精、深”方向发展,这将有力地     

Back to square one? Fisheries allocation under pressure

In Norway there is a long tradition of allocating fish resources among the fishers. In modern times this has been done through specific allocation keys. This article describes the development of the allocation system for the offshore (trawler) and coastal fleets. The allocation system is closely related to stock assessment and the fixing of global quotas (TACs) as well as structural policies to prevent “capacity creep”. All three systems can be seen as institutions, where the TAC-machine is firmly established while the two others are under pressure, largely due to competition on the global fish market. The established goal of maintaining a diversified fishing fleet is now gradually being dismantled, with repercussions for coastal employment and settlement patterns. The coastal fleet is per 2013 something entirely different from the situation in 1990, when the coastal fisheries were effectively closed. Sooner or later this development is bound to change also the management institutions, and in particular the allocation system and the closely related structural policies.     

一个基于MOM的全球海洋数值同化预报系统

随着国家战略利益的拓展,国家对全球海洋环境预报保障的需求日益凸显。近年来,国家海洋环境预报中心研发并建立我国首个涵盖全球大洋的"全球海洋数值预报系统",该预报系统由MOM4全球海洋环流模式及三维变分同化系统组成。该系统的建立,实现了全球范围海洋环流预报业务全覆盖,为我国探索深海大洋环境的迫切需求提供有力保障,明显提升了我国海洋环境预报能力,体现了我国海洋数值预报技术的发展和进步。该系统的历史回报试验和业务化试运行结果表明其对全球海洋环境要素具有较好的预报能力,其预测结果已经在实际业务中得到了应用,在"雪龙号"极地遇险脱困、马航MH370失联飞机搜救等重大事件的预报保障任务中发挥了重要作用,为我国实施海洋强国战略,推进实施"21世纪海上丝绸之路"的战略构想,应对海上突发事件、维护国家海洋权益等各个方面提供有力的科技支撑和保障,并成为我国全球海洋预报业务的重要参考依据。     

海底管线整体屈曲过程中塑性变形研究

海底管线是海洋油气工程中主要的输送手段。在工作状态下,受高温高压的影响,深海管线可能会发生水平向整体屈曲。随海洋油气作业水深的增大,施加于管线的温度和压强也逐渐增加,导致管线产生较大的屈曲位移和截面应力,使得截面产生塑性应变。本文采用数值模拟方法,对海底管线整体屈曲过程中塑性区的分布及其与整体屈曲影响因素的关联性、塑性变形对水平向变形的影响和塑性变形造成的截面椭圆度的变化规律进行分析,研究塑性变形对整体屈曲过程影响的规律。     

A global ocean observing system framework for sustainable development

Sustainable development depends on maintaining ecosystem services which are concentrated in coastal marine and estuarine ecosystems. Analyses of the science needed to manage human uses of ecosystem services have concentrated on terrestrial ecosystems. Our focus is on the provision of multidisciplinary data needed to inform adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches (EBAs) for maintaining coastal ecosystem services based on comparative ecosystem analyses. Key indicators of pressures on coastal ecosystems, ecosystem states and the impacts of changes in states on services are identified for monitoring and analysis at a global coastal network of sentinel sites nested in the ocean-climate observing system. Biodiversity is targeted as the “master” indicator because of its importance to a broad spectrum of services. Ultimately, successful implementation of EBAs will depend on establishing integrated, holistic approaches to ocean governance that oversee the development of integrated, operational ocean observing systems based on the data and information requirements specified by a broad spectrum of stakeholders for sustainable development. Sustained engagement of such a spectrum of stakeholders on a global scale is not feasible. The global coastal network will need to be customized locally and regionally based on priorities established by stakeholders in their respective regions. The E.U. Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the U.S. Recommendations of the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force are important examples of emerging regional scale approaches. The effectiveness of these policies will depend on the co-evolution of ocean policy and the observing system under the auspices of integrated ocean governance.     

世界水产品绿色养殖比较研究及对中国启示

当前全球渔业捕捞量已接近顶峰局势,水产养殖发展面临巨大环境压力,水产品绿色养殖能满足消费者对优质蛋白需求的同时,还能有效缓解生态问题,保证食品质量安全。水产品养殖绿色发展已成为世界各国的共识,渔业发达国家在一定程度上已形成较完善的绿色水产养殖体系。文章基于全球水产业发展现状和趋势,通过研究欧盟、美国和日本水产品绿色养殖的相关经验,最后结合中国水产养殖业发展现状,提出在建立严格认证标准的基础上,国内政府应加强对“绿色水产品”消费的正确引导;借鉴别国对渔业可持续发展的政策和管理制度;注重关键科学技术的研发,做到产学结合;保障资金的有效投入等相关政策建议。