空间位置信息的多源POI数据融合

为从2个来源不同的POI数据集合中准确找出用于融合的对应对象,在国外研究成果的基础上提出1种改进方案,该方案在空间位置属性的基础上利用非空间属性相似度来提高结果融合集的准确性。技术路线如下:首先对2个POI数据集合实施空间位置方法找出对应对象组成的初步融合集,然后使用低阈值的名称属性相似度方法排除由空间位置方法找出的错误对应对象,最后使用高阈值的名称属性相似度方法找出空间位置方法未能找出的对应对象。用多组POI数据集合测试改进方案,结果表明融合集的准确率、召回率以及F1值都有明显提高。     

基于数据相似度的多维海洋数据交互式集成可视化

为充分挖掘多维海洋数据中的隐藏信息,提出一种基于数据相似度的多维数据交互式集成可视化方法。引入平行坐 标作为交互工具,以颜色条带表示用户感兴趣数据集;设计一种迭代式 al pha颜色混合方法,对条带重叠区域的颜色进行处 理以实现相关信息的有效表征;引入数据相似度概念并给出形式化定义,通过颜色空间 RGB 与 HSL 之间的相互转换,改变 混合色亮度实现其区别表征。实验结果表明,基于数据相似度的多维数据集成可视化方法不仅能够将多个相关数据集以集成 的方式同时展现,并且还对各组交互数据集的相似度进行了区分表征,细化了信息展现层次,有效提高了可视化结果的信息 承载量。     

基于包含邻居信息的相似网络融合对癌症亚型进行聚类

近年来随着人类基因图谱计划和癌症基因图谱计划的实施,大量的癌症数据集体涌现。如何将这些数据有效地集合起来,利用其互补性来区分癌症亚型变得尤为重要。现存在的很多方法大都根据单一的数据类型对癌症亚型进行聚类,这些方法忽略了数据之间交互影响的信息。相似网络融合(Similarity Network Fusion(SNF))是一种可以把不同数据类型融合到一起的有效方法,其中构建样本之间的相似网络是该方法的重要步骤之一。本文提出包含邻居信息的相似网络融合(Neighborhood-Information-Embedded Similarity Network Fusion(NSNF))方法,用包含邻居信息的多重紧密k近邻方法代替原有的k近邻方法来构建相似网络,并将其运用于癌症亚型聚类。最后用4种癌症的实验数据证明了提出的NSNF方法比传统的SNF方法在聚类性能上有了很大的提高。     

面状矢量空间数据匹配技术研究

数据匹配技术是空间数据集成与融合中的关键技术。对面积相似度进行了描述，对面积相似度进行了几何度量上的定义，提出了基于面积相似度的数据匹配思路。最后，以面状目标为研究对象，以城市居民地的大比例尺数据为例，对基于面积相似度的面状要素数据匹配算法进行了试验与分析。     

一种改进的Curvelet变换遥感影像融合方法

提出了一种改进的Curvelet变换的融合算法,以IKONOS影像为样本数据,融合过程中将原全色波段与多光谱影像中未参与HIS分解的波段进行加权组合,形成新全色分量,再将此分量与明度分量分别进行第二代Curvelet变换,以形成新明度分量,HIS逆变换后形成融合影像。并与改进的HIS变换融合、传统的HIS变换与Curvelet变换结合的融合算法相比较,结果表明,改进的方法能增加融合影像的信息量,降低光谱扭曲度,提高融合影像与原多光谱影像的相似度。     

基于近海雷达与AIS探测目标融合算法研究

利用岸基雷达站的雷达传感器以及船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)所获取的目标信息,针对近岸海域目标密集的特点,提出了一种提高雷达与AIS信息融合精度的算法。该算法在将雷达基于站心球坐标系的位置信息转换成AIS基于WGS 84坐标系的位置信息实现空间配准、以及将AIS航迹的时间通过外推法与雷达航迹时间统一起来的基础上,首先采用目标位置及航速的欧氏距离判别法,剔除一部分不符合条件的目标数据,减少参与融合的数据量,然后进一步采用模糊数学中的柯西型隶属度函数及统计加权法对航迹相似度判断。研究结果表明,本文所提出的融合算法适用于目标较密集的近海海域。     

基于决策级数据融合的CHRIS 高光谱图像分类方法研究

本文选取8种常用的遥感图像监督分类方法,综合利用多数投票方法与先验分类概率信息,设计了3组决策级融合分类策略,在应用地物丰富的黄河口湿地CHRIS高光谱图像数据进行分类实验的基础上,开展了不同融合策略决策分类结果的比较研究,分析了融合策略对高光谱图像总体分类精度以及不同地物分类精度的影响。结果表明:(1)3组决策级融合策略总体分类精度均大于85%,Kappa系数都优于0.77,较8种单分类器均有提高,表明决策级融合是利用已有分类器资源、提升高光谱图像分类精度的一种途径;(2)策略3的分类表现最好,即维持最小虚警率的前提下降低错分可以提高分类精度,其中芦苇、滩涂地物同时保持了很高的生产者精度和用户精度,均接近90%,水体在保持较高用户精度的情形下生产者精度有大幅提升,增幅达11%;(3)每组策略综合考虑生产者精度和用户精度的情形下分类精度最高,较仅考虑生产者精度或用户精度的情形提升了1~2个百分点,表明设计算法时应同时考虑减少错分和漏分的情况。     

带乘性噪声广义系统多传感器最优滤波融合算法

研究带乘性噪声广义系统的多传感器信息融合状态估计问题。在系统正则的假设条件下,通过受限等价变换将广义系统变换为2个降阶子系统,进而将针对原系统的信息融合状态估计转化为2个耦合的非广义子系统的多传感器信息融合状态估计,然后分别推导出集中式与分布式滤波融合算法,这2种算法在数学上完全等价,均在线性最小方差意义下最优。考虑到分布式滤波融合算法的优点,重点讨论了该算法,仿真实验验证了该融合算法的有效性。     

基于光谱-空间联合Transformer模型的黄河三角洲湿地高光谱影像分类

黄河三角洲湿地地物类型在光谱曲线上差异较小,且在空间上分布零散,呈破碎化特性。现有的分类方法受限于局部感受野难以捕捉到图像的长距离依赖关系,导致在黄河三角洲湿地高光谱影像中分类精度不理想,针对此问题,本文提出了一种光谱-空间联合Transformer模型。光谱和空间支路分别以光谱向量和空间邻域为输入,基于自注意力机制提取全局光谱和空间特征,在两个支路引入多阶特征交互层,实现浅层边缘信息和深层语义信息的融合,最后采用自适应相加的方式将两路特征融合,送入分类器实现最终分类。本文在黄河三角洲湿地高分五号GF-5和CHRIS两幅高光谱影像上验证方法的有效性,实验结果表明,该方法显著提高了湿地分类的精度,在选用3%的样本训练条件下总体精度分别达到了90.90%和94.17%,优于其他分类方法。研究结果可实现黄河三角洲湿地地物类型的高精度分类,为湿地的保护提供技术支持。     

基于主成分分析和决策级融合的高光谱图像分类方法研究

为了评价主成分分析方法和决策级数据融合方法对高光谱图像地物分类结果的影响,作者利用各分类器和主成分分量的优势,提出了两组地物分类结果的决策级融合策略,利用8种常用监督分类方法对高光谱原始图像和PCA变换后不同分量组合图分类得到的结果进行决策级融合,并应用覆盖黄河入海口新老河道交界处的CHRIS/PROBA高光谱图像开展实验研究。结果表明:直接采用每类地物分类精度最高的、空穴和缝隙采用总体分类精度最高的融合策略,在综合考虑生产者精度和用户精度的情形下,仅使用最大似然法、支持向量机和人工神经网络3种分类方法,按照分类精度从高到低的顺序进行的融合分类效果最好,总体分类精度为87.82%。与8种监督分类方法中效果最好的最大似然法相比,精度提高了2.7个百分点,同时明显减少了错分现象,尤其是对于分布面积较小的翅碱蓬和柽柳,滩涂被误分为翅碱蓬、芦苇被误分为柽柳的现象大大降低。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Net Sand Transport Direction in a Tidal Inlet, using Foraminiferal Tests as Natural Tracers

The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance.