基于BP神经网络渤海湾表层叶绿素浓度反演方法探讨

由于渤海湾水质光学性质复杂,使用传统线性叶绿素浓度反演方法进行反演时的精度不高。为提高渤海湾叶绿素浓度的反演精度,利用2012年4月渤海湾的表层叶绿素浓度实测数据和GOCI同步遥感反射率数据,建立了渤海湾叶绿素浓度反演的BP神经网络模型,并与GOCI的3种叶绿素浓度业务算法(OC2算法、OC3G算法和YOC算法)进行比较。结果表明,在渤海湾GOCI 3种业务算法的标准误差均大于1,决定系数均小于20%;BP神经网络算法的标准误差为0.615 4,决定系数为89.98%,且反演的叶绿素浓度分布与实测值的分布趋势一致,反演的精度高于GOCI传统业务算法。因此该BP神经网络模型可用于反演春季渤海湾表层叶绿素浓度,且反演精度比GOCI业务反演算法精度高。     

基于支持向量回归机算法的海水富营养化过程中藻类繁殖状态软测量研究

提出了利用支持向量回归机算法(SVR)建立海水叶绿素-a浓度的软测量方法,采用灰色关联分析法获取叶绿素-a软测量模型的主要辅助测量变量。将基于支持向量回归机的叶绿素-a软测量结果与BP神经网络和T-S模糊神经网络方法进行了对比,结果表明,这种基于支持向量回归机的软测量方法能够有效测量海水叶绿素-a的浓度。     

基于主成分分析的BP神经网络模型的形变预测方法

主成分分析可以提取形变主要信息，BP神经网络具有很强的预测功能，提出将两者相结合用于形变监测数据处理。通过MATLAB编程实现了该算法，并用实测数据进行验证，证明此方法能够提高预测数据的精度和可靠性。结果表明：与其他方法相比，基于主成分分析的改进BP神经网络能取得更好的预测效果。     

渤海湾叶绿素浓度的反演与验证（英文）

叶绿素a浓度是浮游植物现存量的表征。本文基于2012年春季渤海湾叶绿素实测数据,下载了相应的遥感数据,利用MODIS数据的OC3M和OC2方法进行叶绿素浓度a反演,利用GOCI数据的波段比值、OC3G以及YOC算法对叶绿素a浓度进行反演,反演结果与实测结果的空间分布趋势一致。由反演精度分析,GOCI的波段比值法与MODIS的OC3M算法的反演精度相近,GOCI数据的YOC叶绿素浓度算法在渤海湾反演精度比其他反演算法高。     

基于BP神经网络的湖南镇水库叶绿素a浓度预测模型的研究

以湖南镇水库2006-2007年间的监测资料为基础,利用插值和主成分分析法,运用BP人工神经网络方法构建预测模型,探求叶绿素a浓度与总氮、总磷、溶解氧等5项环境因子之间的关系,选出最佳预测模型,并对模型进行敏感度分析.结果显示:(1)BP神经网络模型对叶绿素a浓度预测值与实测值之间拟合程度良好,相关系数达到了0.95,...     

基于水深分段选择因子的多光谱影像反演水深

岛礁周边海底地形精密测量是海洋测绘的难点问题之一,利用多光谱卫星能精确测定岛礁周边水深地形,是传统岛礁水深测量有效的补充方式之一。本文以蜈支洲岛周围水域为研究区域,提出了基于BP神经网络水深分段选取反演因子的方法,利用WorldView-2数据和多波束实测数据建立多模型,整合预测的各段水深获得海底地形。实验表明,本文方法能充分利用水体的光谱特性,与单一BP神经网络模型结果相比,MRE降低了6.4%,RMSE降低了1.2 m,是一种可行的多光谱水深反演的方法     

一种改进的地理加权回归模型水深反演方法

利用多光谱卫星遥感影像反演浅海水深是水深测量的一种重要方式。提出一种基于主成分分析的地理加权回归模型(PCA-GWR),采用WorldView-2多光谱卫星遥感影像数据,对经过数学变换后的波段反射率数据先进行主成分分析,将得到第一主成分量进行地理加权回归分析,并与双波段比值模型、多波段线性模型和地理加权回归模型(GWR)的水深反演结果进行比较。结果显示,各个反演模型反演水深值与实测水深值的相关系数r均大于0.75,其中PCA-GWR模型水深反演结果最好,r为0.96、RMSE为1.56 m、MAE为1.06 m。研究表明,PCA-GWR模型可有效去除数据变换后的冗余信息,降低数据空间非平稳性,具有较高的反演精度与可靠性,适用于浅海水深反演。     

珠江口水体叶绿素荧光特性研究

利用2003年1月和2004年1月珠江口实测的遥感反射率和叶绿素浓度,建立了基于实测1nm带宽及其模拟MERIS遥感反射率数据的叶绿素荧光特征与叶绿素浓度之间的拟合关系。基于实测1nm带宽遥感反射率光谱,叶绿素荧光峰的位置和高度分别与叶绿素浓度之间存在良好的线性关系和指数关系;基于模拟MERIS遥感反射率数据,叶绿素荧光峰的高度与叶绿素浓度之间存在良好的线性关系,叶绿素荧光峰位置与叶绿素浓度之间不存在明显的相关关系,但可作为叶绿素浓度数量级的有效探针。利用2006年5月和8月的珠江口实测遥感反射率和叶绿素浓度对拟合结果进行了检验,结果表明其精度较高,说明叶绿素荧光特征在探测叶绿素浓度时效果良好且MERIS数据在近岸二类水体叶绿素浓度反演、水质监测等方面有着良好的应用前景。     

基于粒子群优化神经网络的水深反演模型

针对直接采用BP神经网络反演水深收敛速度慢,且易陷入局部最优的问题,提出了一种基于粒子群(PSO)优化BP神经网络的水深遥感新模型。该模型首先利用粒子群算法对BP神经网络的权重和阈值进行优化,然后将该优化值作为BP神经网络的初始值,最后再将PSO优化后的模型用于测试海区的反演精度评估。实验结果表明,该模型的网络收敛速度明显加快,水深反演的精度也得到提高。     

混合最优化方法在潮汕坳陷重力资料反演中的应用

选用目前非线性方法中的2个研究热点——BP神经网络和模拟退火算法,用优化后的BP神经网络为主框架,结合位场反演的特点,在反演过程中引入模拟退火算法,这样既利用了BP神经网络具有指导学习的功能来提高局部搜索性能,也利用了模拟退火算法的概率突跳性来实现最终的全局收敛性,从而提高了反演的速度和精度。通过模型试验验证了其有效性之后,将该方法应用于珠江口盆地潮汕坳陷的重力资料反演,结果较好地反映了剖面的地质情况。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,