TiCl_4水解制备金红石型TiO_2纳米粉

实验以 Ti Cl4 为主要原料 ,采用直接水解法制备出了 Ti O2 样品。经差热 -热重 ( DTA-TG)、X-射线衍射 ( XRD)、透射电子显微镜 ( TEM)和比表面 ( BET)分析 ,得出样品 Ti O2 的晶型为金红石型 ,其粒子近似呈球形 ,各个晶面所对应的粒径基本一致 ,分布在 7.0～ 12 .0 nm之间 ,平均粒径为 10 .5nm,对应的比表面积和孔容积分别为 166m2 /g和 0 .12 m L/     

不锈钢表面纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜制备及防腐蚀性能

采用溶胶凝胶法在不锈钢基体(304ss)上制备叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征纳米复合薄膜材料的晶体结构和微观形貌,通过交流阻抗技术(EIS)和极化曲线(Polarization Curves)电化学方法研究不锈钢表面纳米复合薄膜在模拟海水体系中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:制备叠层式纳米复合薄膜TiO2为锐钛矿型,SnO2为金红石型;不锈钢表面构筑叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜颗粒粒径小,分布均匀且表面致密。电化学测试表明,叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜阻抗值高于TiO2薄膜,且对不锈钢基体阳极反应有明显钝化过程,具有良好防腐蚀性能;同时叠层式纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜存在最优叠加SnO2层数,叠加3层SnO2的纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜电极防腐蚀性能最佳。     

应用于白光显示的Tm3+/Ho3+/Yb3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃上转换发光特性研究

用高温熔融法制备了Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺碲酸盐玻璃(TeO₂-ZnO-La₂O₃)样品,测试了玻璃样品的吸收光谱和上转换发光光谱,分析了上转换发光机理.结果发现:在975 nm波长激光二极管(LD)激励下,制备的碲酸盐玻璃样品可以观察到强烈的红光(662 nm)、绿光(546 nm)和蓝光(480 nm)三基色上转换发光,红光对应于Tm³⁺离子     

不同粒径TiO_2颗粒对海洋微藻的毒性效应

本实验以新月菱形藻为受试生物,研究了低浓度不同粒径TiO2颗粒(21nm、60nm和400nm)对海洋微藻生长、抗氧化酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT和过氧化物酶POD)、脂质过氧化产物(MDA)含量的影响,并测定了相应的活性氧自由基(ROS)的含量,初步探讨了TiO2颗粒对海洋微藻的作用机制。结果表明,1mg/L TiO2颗粒对新月菱形藻生长的抑制作用随着粒径的减小而逐渐增强,第48h、72h、96h呈现出显著的纳米效应。TiO2颗粒可以诱导藻细胞内ROS的含量增加,对藻细胞产生氧化胁迫,新月菱形藻的抗氧化酶活性发生应激响应,以清除过量的ROS,但剩余的ROS对藻细胞产生氧化损伤,导致MDA含量升高,并且纳米级TiO2颗粒对新月菱形藻的氧化损伤大于微米级颗粒。在不同粒径TiO2颗粒的胁迫下,藻细胞SOD和CAT活性的响应也存在差异。本研究将为开展人工纳米材料对海洋生态系统影响的潜在风险评估提供科学依据。     

Cu2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂的制备及其对海洋柴油污染物的降解

采用化学沉淀法成功制备了Cu2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂,采用XRD、SEM等测试手段对复合纳米光催化剂的粒径、形态等进行表征。在紫外光条件下,分别改变催化剂掺杂比、催化剂煅烧温度、催化剂投加量、柴油初始含量和光照时间等单因素,探究不同条件对Cu2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂降解海洋柴油污染物的影响。结果表明,自制复合纳米光催化剂可以有效降解海水中的柴油污染物,在紫外光作用下,于400℃下煅烧Cu/Sn掺杂比为0. 03的Cu2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂、投加量为0. 2 g/dm3、柴油初始含量为0. 15 g/dm3、H2O2溶液含量为0. 2 g/dm3、溶液的p H为7、光照时间3 h时效果最好,海水中柴油的去除率最高,达到86. 98%。Cu2+/SnO2复合纳米光催化剂用聚丙烯纳米球负载后可以实际应用于海洋中,便于回收。     

纳米 Fe2O3-SnO2 光催化降解海水养殖废水中的氨氮

通过共沉淀法制备纳米Fe_2O_3-SnO_2光催化剂,采用XRD、SEM等测试手段对其进行形貌、物象、粒径一系列的表征,研究结果显示制得的催化剂仍保持纯SnO_2四方金红石型结构.研究了Fe_2O_3-SnO_2光催化剂投加量、Fe_2O_3与SnO_2物质的量比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、氨氮初始浓度、p H值、H2O2浓度以及光照反应时间等因素对海水养殖废水中氨氮降解效率的影响.在紫外光照射下进行正交实验,确定最优化反应条件:催化剂投加量为0.4 g/dm3,煅烧时间为3 h,物质的量比为1∶2,氨氮初始含量为50 mg/dm3,光照反应时间为2 h.这5个因素对Fe_2O_3-SnO_2光催化氧化速率影响的大小程度依次为:Fe_2O_3与SnO_2物质的量比煅烧时间Fe_2O_3-SnO_2光催化剂投加量氨氮初始浓度光照时间.氨氮去除率可以达到85.1%,相同条件可见光下也可达到82.3%.     

C18键合硅胶柱在线富集/FIA-FAAS系统测定海水中痕量重金属

基于8-羟基喹啉金属螯合物在C_(18)键合硅胶上的吸附原理,在海水样品中加入少量8-羟基喹啉溶液,建立在线C_(18)键合硅胶柱富集,甲醇洗脱,洗脱液直接进入火焰的流动注射-火焰原子吸收光谱系统(FIA-FAAS)测定海水中痕量Cu,Ni,Cd和Zn的方法。富集倍数达80,进样频率为每小时30次。对Cu Ni,Cd和Zn测定的特征浓度分别为0.30,0.26,0.12和0.07μg/L;检出限(2σ)分别为0.07,0.05,0.02和0.01μg/L;相对标准偏差分别为2.7,2.1,2.8和2.5％;回收率分别为102,98,96和102％。本法快速简便,污染少,灵敏度高。     

NPB/Alq3 界面激子拆分研究

采用瞬态光电压技术研究了NPB和Alq₃界面激子拆分过程和拆分机理.对NPB和Alq₃组成双层结构的样品,在脉冲355nm激光照射下,测量样品的瞬态光电压信号,通过对不同结构的和有界面激子阻挡层的样品的瞬态光电压分析,并排除了ITO/有机外界面对激子拆分的影响,得出了NPB/ Alq₃界面激子拆分机理是向Alq₃ 注入电子,向NPB注入空穴.     

海洋石油烃降解细菌T1和T2的分子鉴定分类

从天津滨海潮间带被石油烃严重污染的沉积物(千样含油量0.2g/g)中, 筛选分离出能够以柴油为唯一碳源生长的细菌, 对其中生物量大、单株菌降解效率较高的两株细菌T₁和T₂进行16S rDNA克隆, 通过测定和比较16S rDNA的部分序列对这两株细菌进行分子鉴定, 以期用于石油污染的微生物修复中。结果表明,T₁与深红红螺菌(Rhodospirillum rubrum)的同源性为89%,T₂与施氏甲单抱杆菌     

广东川山-阳江海区海岛潮间带表层沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境的关系

为探讨沉积物粒度与沉积环境的关系,通过粒度累积曲线、R型聚类分析和R型因子分析等手段对川山-阳江海区海岛126个潮间带表层沉积物样品沉积物粒度进行综合分析。结果表明弱水动力沉积的细粒组分含量稳定,受海水扰动影响,粗粒组分含量不稳定。沉积作用与粒径存在较好的对应关系：悬移沉积对应的粒径为5φ->11φ;推移沉积对应的粒径为<-1φ-1φ;跃移沉积对应的粒径为2φ-4φ。     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.