基于KPCA-RBF模型的风暴潮灾害经济损失预测

作为破坏性最强的海洋灾害,风暴潮灾害每年都给我国沿海地区造成了巨大的经济损失,运用科学的方法模型合理预测风暴潮灾害经济损失对指导沿海地区的防灾减灾工作意义深远。本文基于风暴潮灾害的成灾特点建立了风暴潮灾害直接经济损失预评估指标体系,由于评估指标数据高度非线性,采用核主成分分析（KPCA）对高维非线性数据进行降维优化,并利用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络对降维后的数据进行训练,从而实现对风暴潮灾害直接经济损失的预测。选取广东省1996—2018年的32个风暴潮灾害损失样本对模型进行仿真测试,结果表明,KPCA-RBF预测模型集成了核主成分分析和径向基函数神经网络的优势,预测结果精度高,学习收敛速度快,对风暴潮灾害数据序列有较好的非线性拟合能力。     

基于相空间重构的神经网络风暴潮增水预测方法

风暴潮增水的准确预测对于国民生产、防灾减灾有重大意义。本文提出一种基于相空间重构的神经网络风暴潮增水预测方法,即使用单站风暴潮增水数据重构出与之相关的相空间,然后使用BP神经网络模型拟合该相空间的空间结构。将该模型用于库克斯港风暴潮增水预测,结果表明:该模型应用在风暴潮增水时间序列的预测中是合理、可行的,并具有较高的精度。此外,使用db10小波函数对原始余水位数据进行降噪处理可以显著地提高模型的预测精度。     

基于SSA-ELM模型的台风风暴潮灾害损失预评估

近年来全球气候变化加剧,台风风暴潮灾害的频率、强度和损失逐渐加大,台风风暴潮灾害损失的预评估对海洋防灾减灾工作有重大现实意义.作者选用广东省1995年—2020年间的50组台风风暴潮数据进行研究,量化气候变化数据,建立台风风暴潮损失评估体系并通过主成分分析进行降维.采用麻雀搜索算法优化极限学习机建立预评估模型,分别对台...     

基于证据理论的风暴潮灾害损失评估

本文提出了一种基于Dempster-Shafer证据理论的风暴潮灾害损失评估方法。鉴于风暴潮致灾过程中的不确定性, 选择合适的具有代表性指标(包括最大风暴潮增水、最大有效波高和防灾减灾能力)产生灾害损失评估的证据, 并根据所选指标和风暴潮直接经济损失之间的相关性大小确定证据权重, 最后采用改进的Murphy证据融合算法进行证据融合, 从而判断灾害损失等级。通过实证分析发现, 本文所提出的方法在判断风暴潮灾害损失等级上的正确率达到93.1%, 优于朴素贝叶斯、支持向量机、神经网络和决策树等常用方法, 同时本文方法计算简便, 且随着训练集样本量的增加, 损失评估结果可进一步精细化。     

青岛地区风暴潮灾害易损性风险区划建模

风暴潮灾害风险是由风暴潮危险性、承灾体脆弱性、暴露性和防潮减灾能力决定的,其中承灾体脆弱性、暴露性和防潮减灾能力构成了风暴潮灾害的易损性.结合目前国内对风暴潮灾害危险性研究较为深入,而对易损性研究欠缺的现状,以青岛沿海风暴潮为例,建立了风暴潮灾害易损性风险区划模型.模型首先通过风险因子识别建立了风险评价指标体系,然后采用聚类分析将研究区域进行综合分类,再用熵值法、灰色关联分析及模糊综合评价法分别对各地区潮灾风险进行量化,最后应用熵值—灰色—模糊组合方法从主客观角度定性定量进行综合风险区划排名,将青岛九区市划分为4个不同风险等级,揭示了青岛近海地区风暴潮灾害风险的地域差异性,为因地制宜地制定防灾减灾措施与规划提供了科学依据.     

风暴潮灾害现场调查工作机制和规范

为提高我国对风暴潮灾害的灾情评估和防灾减灾水平,文章分析风暴潮灾害现场调查的工作机制和规范。研究结果表明:风暴潮灾害现场调查主要包括前期准备、现场调查、报告编制和成果归档4项工作内容;前期准备工作包括制定调查方案、制作调查底图和配置调查装备,现场调查内容包括气象水文情况、承灾体受损情况、风暴潮淹没情况和防灾减灾措施,报告编制内容包括灾害基本情况、现场调查情况、灾害损失情况、灾害应对情况以及发现的问题和建议,成果归档类型包括记录类等6类。     

福建省典型海洋灾害时空分布特性研究

福建省是受海洋灾害影响较重的省份,风暴潮、海浪及赤潮等灾害频发,针对单一灾种特定灾害动力过程的研究较多,但针对各主要灾种灾损特性的研究尚不够全面和深入。在对国内外研究成果进行归纳和总结的基础上,整合了《中国海洋灾害公报》、《福建省海洋灾害公报》、《中国渔业统计年鉴》等相关资料,对近6年福建省3种典型海洋灾害分别进行了深入分析,明确了福建省海洋灾害时空分布特性。结果表明:造成福建省海洋灾害直接经济损失的主要是风暴潮灾害,占全部损失的84%,赤潮灾害次之;人员死亡(失踪)完全由海浪灾害造成。风暴潮损失年际变化幅度较大,8、9月损失占全年76.4%,福建沿海南北部地区受灾较严重,中部地区受灾较轻;海浪灾害人员死亡(失踪)出现2个高峰期,分别是冷暖交替的1-3月份及9-10月份,损失共占到84.6%,空间分布上与风暴潮有相似性;受气象条件影响,4-6月为赤潮灾害频发期,发生起数占总数的95.9%。分析结果为沿海各区市组织防灾减灾提供了科学依据。     

风暴潮灾害经济预警指标体系研究

在界定风暴潮灾害经济预警概念的基础上,按照风暴潮灾害经济预警主体性原则、逻辑科学性原则,选取风暴潮灾害经济预警评价指标,采用“目的树”层次分析法,从风暴潮灾害危险度、潜在受灾地区易损脆弱度和防灾减灾能力三个层面,构建了我国风暴潮灾害经济预警指标体系,这将为近海青岛地区风暴潮灾害风险区划,以及相关预警模型的准确有效建立与...     

基于因子分析的沿海地区海洋灾害损失评价——以风暴潮为例

近年来,海洋灾害不断发生,使得沿海地区经济与社会的持续发展遭受严峻的挑战。在总结有关海洋灾害研究成果的基础上,首先说明了构建灾害损失评价指标体系的基本原则,并选取了评价指标体系;其次,用因子分析法对十个沿海省份2000年到2007年所遭受的风暴潮灾害损失进行了评价;最后根据综合得分找出了遭受风暴潮灾害损失严重的地区和主要的损失因子,从而为防灾减灾提供了依据。     

风暴潮灾害及防灾减灾策略

我国是世界上风暴潮灾害最为严重的国家之一.随着沿海地区社会经济的发展,近年来由风暴带来的经济损失和人员伤亡越来越严重.简要介绍了风暴潮的形成、分类及概况,讨论了风暴潮引起的灾害损失及暴潮灾害对人类生产、生活的影响,探讨了如何有效应对风暴潮灾害,以期为我国沿海地区防灾减灾工作提供参考.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Net Sand Transport Direction in a Tidal Inlet, using Foraminiferal Tests as Natural Tracers

The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance.