斑头鱼Agrammus agrammus(Temminck et Schlegel)和铠平鱼由Sebastes hubbsi(Matsubara)核型研究

采用ＰＨＡ、秋水仙素活体注射，取肾细胞空气干燥法制片，研究斑头鱼（）和铠平鱼由（♀）的核型。其核型分别为２ｎ＝４８，７ｍ＋３３ｓｍ＋８ｓｔ，ＮＦ＝８８和２ｎ＝４８，３ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４３ｔ，ＮＦ＝５１。并且这两种鱼的核型中均有１条具次缢痕的染色体，因此形成异形染色体对。这是黄渤海鱼类染色体研究首次发现     

斜带髭鲷Hapalogenys nitens（Richardson）和横带髭鲷H．mucronatus （Eydoux et Souleyet）的核型

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射肾细胞直接制片法研究青岛近海常见经济鱼类斜带髭鲷和横带髭鲷的核型．得出核型公式前者为：２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋３６ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８，后者为２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ＋２４ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８。斜带钱绸核型中ｔ５和ｔ１６对染色体及横带货绸核型中ｔ７对染色体为具次缢痕的染色体。两种鱼的核型特点符合典型的高位类群鱼类核型特征。     

分段多项式风浪频谱

本文分两段、三段、四段给出多项式形式的风浪频谱，它们满足下述条件：分段处谱值及斜率均连续；谱峰位于给定点（ωｏ，ｐ）；谱矩与有效波高Ｈ，平均周期Ｔ之间满足关系式Ｈ＝４．０√ｍ０，Ｔ＝２π（ｍ０／ｍ１）或Ｔ＝２π√ｍ０／ｍ２。多项式谱的指数和分段点均是可变的，因而谱形可在较大范围内调整，以便拟合实测谱和各种不同形式的谱。文中给出用四段多项式谱拟合ＪＮＳＷＡＰ谱的实例。     

夏季台湾海峡海流计算Ⅱ

本文在σ坐标下建立了一个半诊断计算及预报计算的数值模式，应用于台湾海峡夏季时三维海流计算。计算结果表明，当ｔ＝２．５ｄ时，密度场和速度场得到调整，即得到半诊断解，当ｔ＝４０ｄ以后，解已达到准稳定态；半诊断及预报计算的结果在定性上是与诊断计算结果一致。但它们在定量上有些变化，如表层台湾岛西岸附近的最大水平流速，在ｔ＝０时（诊断）为５９．１ｃｍ／ｓ，ｔ＝２．５ｄ时（半诊断）为６２．１ｃｍ／ｓ，ｔ＝３００ｄ时（预报）为６２．０ｃｍ／ｓ．此外，在半诊断及预报计算中，上升流也主嵰⑸诟＝ń兜龋魉偌忧浚段б灿兴┐蟆     

庙岛群岛海域光棘球海胆生态的初步研究

庙岛群岛的光棘球海胆主要分布于北四岛（南、北隍城岛,大、小钦岛）,砣矶岛及大、小竹山岛等,而南五岛极少分布。砣矶岛的海胆多是２～３年生壳径４～６ｃｍ的个体,海胆性腺成熟期为７月中旬至８月中旬,性腺发育与水温、栖息场和饵料等有关。海胆体重随季节而变化,繁殖季节体重Ｗ（ｇ）与壳径Ｄ（ｃｍ）相关,Ｗ＝２．５８２Ｄ２．０３４（ｒ＝０．８７）,性腺重ＧＷ（ｇ）与壳径Ｄ（ｃｍ）关系为ＧＷ＝０．０４０３Ｄ３．０８２８（ｒ＝０．８２７３）,壳径Ｄ（ｃｍ）与壳高Ｈ（ｃｍ）呈线性关系Ｈ＝０．５２２５Ｄ＋０．０６６８（ｒ＝０．９０７８）。壳径生长随年龄而变慢,２．８ｃｍ的幼海胆年增长２．１ｃｍ;６．１ｃｍ的成海胆年增长０．４３ｃｍ。光棘球海胆嗜食海带和裙带菜,平均日摄食量６．０ｃｍ的海胆为２．６ｇ,４．０ｃｍ的为１．３４ｇ,３．１ｃｍ的为１．３ｇ,幼海胆摄食率较高的原因是因其生长发育快速,活动强度和代谢水平高。     

贻贝(Mytilus edulis)的核型与减数分裂

利用体内注射ＰＨＡ和秋水仙素的方法，以锶和生殖腺为材料，对贻贝ＭｙｔｉｌｕｓｅｄｕｌｉｓＬｉｎｎａｅｕｓ的核型和减数分裂进行了观察分析，结果为，二倍体数２ｎ＝２８，核型为１０ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ，ＮＦ＝５０。没有发现异形性染色体，贻贝的减数分裂与其他动物类似，也没有发现异形染色体的特殊行为。     

渤海中部海底恒温层温度及泥温相位随深度变化特征

利用渤海中部两点一年中４个季节泥温观测资料，近似确定两测点海底恒温层泥温分别为１１．０℃和１１．７℃。认国泥温随深度变化可视为一垂向波－泥温波，并利用这一概念分析了泥温相位随深度变化特征，８＾＃，Ａ（Ｂ）平台测点泥温波波长分别为ｌ８＝８ｍ和ｌＡ（Ｂ）＝１０ｍ。研究建议，以０．５ｍ处多年泥温平均值作为海底恒温层温度。     

一门正在开发的新技术──利用应答器和ERS－1与TOPEX测高仪可使洋中海平面测量相对于陆上参考点精确度可达±3cm

一门正在开发的新技术──利用应答器和ＥＲＳ－１与ＴＯＰＥＸ测高仪可使洋中海平面测量相对于陆上参考点精确度可达±３ｃｍ１引言许多载有测高仪和辐射计系统的卫星相继发射，从而使它们具有从空中测量海面与雷达测高仪之间距离的能力，在海面有效波高Ｈｓ＝２ｍ的海况...     

威海湾南部水文和地质特征初步分析

本文根据两次在水雷营、牛鼻嘴、船坞进行３昼夜的潮汐和海流观测，及在水雷营岸北进行了１ａ的波浪监测和对威海湾南部近岸水域水深、地质调查资料的分析研究，结果如下：１．威海湾内外的潮汐类型属不规则半日潮，潮差平均为１．３５ｍ，潮流流速偏小，最大流速在牛鼻嘴附近海域为３７ｃｍ／ｓ（流向９４°），水雷营附近海域为１８ｃｍ／ｓ（流向７８°），船坞附近海域为１０ｃｍ／ｓ（流向２１０°）。２．牛鼻嘴、水雷营和杨家湾３处附近海域５０ａ一遇Ｈ１／１０波高分别为４．６ｍ，４．３ｍ和３．９ｍ，对应的周期均为Ｔ＝８．６ｓ。３．威海湾南部海底地形虽然坡度较陡，但变化趋势较平稳，近岸水域具有岩石浅滩，并有明暗礁石分布。基岩高度起伏比较大，最大相差３０ｍ左右。４．没有外部固定输沙源，局部海岸侵蚀后退系古老片麻岩，经风化侵蚀下来的物质其量甚微，对未来海港及航道不会构成大的威胁。     

关于偏差分方程的全局吸引性

运用构造特解的方法,证明了线性时滞偏差分方程Ａｍ＋１,ｎ＋Ａｍ,ｎ＋１－Ａｍ,ｎ＋Ｐｍ,ｎＡｍ－ｋ,ｎ－ｌ＝０不存在全局吸引性。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Net Sand Transport Direction in a Tidal Inlet, using Foraminiferal Tests as Natural Tracers

The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance.