CUBE算法及其在多波束数据处理中的应用

阐述了一种基于表面生成的多波束数据处理方法——CUBE(Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator)算法,用该方法可以对观测区域网格节点"真实"水深及相关误差进行估计。与从测量水深中选择出"最佳"数据的手工交互方式的多波束数据编辑手段不同,CUBE算法具有很强的抗差性和较高的效率,适合于实时多波束数据处理。对南海某测区多波束数据处理结果表明,在没有人工干预的情况下,利用CUBE算法去噪生成的海底DTM图与手工编辑生成的相当吻合。CUBE算法和手工编辑方法综合对比得出,CUBE算法能够很好地保留水深地形细节,在计算效率、误差评估、实时处理等方面比手工编辑方法具有较大的优势。     

基于改进反距离加权算法的海底DEM建模方法

为了实现海底地形三维可视化,首先需要对海量多波束离散水深数据进行DEM建模处理。其中,基于反距离加权网格化的内插法原理简单、效率较高,生成的DEM模型较为贴近海底实际底面,适用于海底地形数字建模。但本文在实际建模过程中发现传统反距离加权算法在理论上存在缺陷,因此本文引入圆形窗口和夹角权因子对插值算法进行进一步改进。实例表明,改进反距离加权算法可以有效提高海底DEM的建模效率与精度。     

Bancroft算法应用于GPS/BDS/GLONASS三系统伪距单点定位

为了提高多系统组合单点定位的运算效率,将Bancroft算法推广应用于GPS/BDS/GLONASS三系统伪距单点定位,并推导了该方法的详细计算流程,比较了Bancroft算法、最小二乘算法和组合两种算法的精度、迭代次数以及运算时间。利用实测数据进行实验,结果表明,3种算法精度相当,Bancroft算法比最小二乘算法迭代次数少,运算效率提高了38%,利用Bancroft为最小二乘算法提供初值,收敛速度加快,运算效率提高了36%。最终得出结论,Bancroft算法应用于GPS/BDS/GLONASS三系统伪距单点定位满足精度要求,且Bancroft算法对于减少迭代次数,提高运算效率有重要意义。     

最短时间航线自动生成的改进方法

针对已有的最短时间航线自动生成算法存在搜索效率较低、航线准确度较低的不足,提出了基于瞬时水深模型的最短时间航线自动生成改进算法。利用无效点定义和动态包络矩形的策略,优化最短时间航线生成;采用高精度的瞬时水深模型提高最短时间航线自动生成的准确度。实验结果表明:此方法与已有的方法相比,在自动生成航线的质量和效率上都有明显的提高。     

基于MATLAB的基本矩阵随机采样鲁棒估计

基本矩阵的估算可以分为线性算法、非线性优化迭代算法、鲁棒估计算法三大类,而以鲁棒估计效率、效果最为突出,但是实现比较复杂。本文通过数码相机获取的两张未标定照片,采样互相关系数法和RANSAC算法,在MATLAB中实现了基本矩阵的自动拟合,实验表明拟合精度较高、速度快,为下一步三维场景的自动重建和量测奠定了基础。     

基于互信息和相关比算法的声呐图像配准

针对互信息算法在配准图像过程中易陷入局部极值的问题,提出了一种新的算法,即将互信息和相关比按一定的标准组合在一起,生成一种新的测度算法,并将该算法应用到了多波束图像和侧扫声呐图像的配准中。该组合算法可以改善互信息测度易陷入局部极值的弊端,稳定性更强。通过实验验证,新的组合算法是准确的,可以较好地实现存在较大畸变的多波束和侧扫声呐图像的配准,配准速度和精度优于互信息算法和相关比算法,新的组合算法是对原有算法的改进和优化。     

混合驱动水下滑翔机高效推进螺旋桨设计

水下滑翔机尾部增加推进器实现其快速前进,螺旋桨是推进器的核心部件,要求其具有较高的推进效率、振动小、噪声低。首先通过分析螺旋桨的推进效率随直径、转速的变化关系,引入低速高效螺旋桨的设计理念,提出基于数学计算软件及三维建模软件的螺旋桨三维建模方法;然后,运用数学计算软件及螺旋桨曲线算法快速绘制螺旋桨的三维曲线,并对螺旋桨的直径、叶数、叶片厚度及倾角进行优化,大幅提高螺旋桨的推进效率;最后,在数学计算软件中计算出螺旋桨的特征点在空间笛卡尔的坐标,将桨叶的特征点导入三维建模软件,生成三维实体。文中所述方法提高了设计螺旋桨的推进效率及模型构造的准确性。     

基于骨架线的Douglas-Peucker算法改进

针对Douglas-Pecuker算法中以垂直距离为化简指标的不足,提出了以骨架线为化简指标的改进算法.在对曲线凸凹顶点识别基础上,通过三角网的构建实现了凸点到基线的骨架线的提取,结合Douglas-Peucker算法的一般步骤,进行了曲线化简实验和方法的比较,验证了改进算法在保持线要素形态特征上的合理性.     

基于ICP和模拟退火遗传算法的DEM无控匹配

为对DEM进行分析、管理和应用,有必要对DEM匹配技术进行研究。为此,提出一种基于ICP和模拟退火遗传算法的多源DEM无控匹配方法,利用扫描线生成DEM的点云并利用ICP进行粗匹配,并利用模拟退火遗传算法对参数精求解。实验结果表明,算法可以完成多源DEM的无控制匹配,运行效率优于遗传算法,求解精度优于ICP算法。     

多光谱遥感影像的光谱规则分类算法修正及海岛、海岸带应用

在光谱规则分类算法(Spectral Rule-based Classifier, SRC)基础上考虑大气校正对遥感影像光谱反射率的影响,提出了一种改进光谱规则的分类算法(Modified Spectral Rule-based Classifier, MSRC),从地物光谱响应曲线和光谱指数两个方面来修正光谱规则集,通过规则细化和补充、阈值改正优化光谱类别。以珠江三角洲海岛(佳蓬、淇澳)和海岸带(荃湾、惠东)的Landsat 8影像作为实验数据,对比了大气校正前后波段反射率和地物光谱响应曲线,分析了改进后MSRC算法的地物分类结果和精度,并与原SRC算法、最小距离分类(MDC)算法、最大似然分类(MLC)算法、支持向量机分类(SVM)算法、神经网络分类(NNC)算法以及基于光谱指数的算法等多种地物分类算法进行比较。结果表明,4组实验数据的MSRC算法分类结果总体精度分别为87.66%、82.38%、77.67%和80.05%,高于SRC、MDC、MLC和基于光谱指数的分类算法,在无需人工标注训练数据集的前提下接近SVM和NNC算法的分类精度。MSRC算法适用于海岛和海岸带的Landsat 8多光谱遥感影像。     

Depth Contour Smoothing Based on the Fitting of Multi-Segment Bezier Curves

To overcome smoothness inconsistencies in depth contours interpolated from sounding data, this paper proposes a smoothing method based on the fitting of multi-segment Bezier curves considering navigational safety. The basic principle of this method is the division of a generated depth contour into a series of bends categorized as either convex bends or concave bends. Different smoothing strategies are designed for different bends while considering the safety constraint. Convexity-preserving Bezier curves are used to fit convex bends. For concave bends, the line segment of the bend is utilized as a boundary to construct a control polygon within the interior of the bend, after which a Bezier curve is constructed based on the polygon. Experiments with real data are implemented, and the results are compared with those of other methods. The results show that the smoothing procedure for depth contours with angularities is effective and respects the safety constraint; moreover, the shape characteristics are preserved, and high positional accuracy is achieved. In addition, the proposed smoothing method is free of topological inconsistencies.     

一种基于时延的水下声基阵坐标估算方法

阵形估算是水听器阵列应用中的关键问题,基于时延的水下声基阵大地坐标标定方法利用声源发射和声阵接收的CW脉冲之间的时延获得空间中的三个声源发射点到阵元的距离,并以这三个声源发射点为圆心,以声源发射点到阵元的距离为半径做球面,得到的交点即为阵元的大地坐标.通过实验数据分析结果可以得出如下结论:基于时延的球面交汇法得到的阵形标定结果的绝对误差均值为0.13 m,可以把该方法运用于实际的工程测量当中.     

基于遗传算法的超声回弹综合法混凝土测强公式

利用30个混凝土试块的超声波声速、回弹、抗压强度实测数据,应用遗传算法建立了新的超声回弹的混凝土强度换算值计算公式,该公式明显改进了高强度区混凝土强度的拟合精度。结果表明,作为一种全局搜索技术,遗传算法在超声回弹综合法测强曲线研制过程中具有实际应用价值。     

Generalities on static equilibrium bays

Previous methods of determining the curved waterlines of bays which form on the coasts around the world have involved the logarithmic spiral. This has been applied to unstable bays which could erode back to a limit termed “static equilibrium” for which the constant in the spiral could be related to the obliquity of the wave crests to the control line, joining the upcoast headland to the downcoast extremity of the bay. It is shown that this applies mainly to the shadow zone behind the upcoast headland and not to the full bay periphery and does not have a fixed centre. A new method is proposed utilising arcs from the point of wave diffraction to the shoreline, whose lengths and angles to the wave crest line are related to those of the control line. Data and curves are presented for the static equilibrium shape by which the stability can be tested. They thus predict the waterline for the case of no sediment supply either from littoral drift or rivers debouching into the bay. An indentation ratio can also be derived to test stability.     

A preliminary study on thermoluminescence characteristics of sediments from the North Pacific

Thirty-eight surficial deposit samples were collected from the equatorial North Pacific, and the natural thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of both bulk and clay fraction samples (<2 μm fractions) were studied by the FJ427-A1 automatic TL Dosimeter for the first time. With the measurements of clay mineral composition, element composition by XRD and ICP, the correlations between TL intensity and sedimentary environment proxies were analyzed, such as water depth, ratio of FeO to Fe2O3 contents, LOI, and major clay mineral concentration, and it was found the bulk sample’s TL signal was stronger than the clay ones. Usually, increase in the clay components may result in the decrease of TL intensity. From the shape of TL curves, the pelagic sediments can be divided into two groups: the majority group has two glow peaks, in general, the first peak is broad and flat, but the second narrow and sharp; the minority group only has a single peak because the first is absent. The peak centers of TL curves are almost fixed, falling in the temperature sections 230~260 and 390~405 ℃ respectively. Lorentz model packed in the Origin 7.5 was chosen to deal with the TL curves. From the processing results, three parameters (H, C and A), corresponding to the height, center, and kurtosis of TL curve, were obtained to describe the curve characteristics. The correlations between TL curve parameters and sedimentary environment proxies were also calculated. On the basis of the above work, the relationship between TL characteristics and sediment type, mineral composition, sedimentary environment of surface sediments was discussed in the study area, and a conclusion is: sediments from the environment of shallower water, higher organic contents and weaker reductivity have stronger TL signals.     

基于AutoCAD海道测绘线型的设计开发

从海道测量的外业成图整饰出发，介绍了AutoCAD环境下的基本线型、复合线型及形文件的使用和开发方法，选取海道测绘行业中有代表性的几种线状符号，论述其线型的定制，并编写程序代码阐述线型在实际工作中的应用。     

Critical State Sedimentation Line of Soft Marine Clays

The compression behavior responsible for unity sensitivity is very valuable in quantitative assessment of the effects of soil structure on the compression behavior of soft marine sediments. However, the quantitative assessment of such effects is not possible because of unavailability of the formula for the compression curve of marine sediments responsible for unit sensitivity. In this study, the relationship between the remolded state and the conventional critical state line is presented in the deviator stress versus mean effective stress plot. The analysis indicates that the remolded state is on the conventional critical state line obtained at a relatively small strain. Thus, a unique critical state sedimentation line for marine sediments of unit sensitivity is proposed. The comparison between the critical state sedimentation line proposed in this study and the existing normalized consolidation curves obtained from conventional oedometer tests on remolded soils or reconstituted soils explains well the     

A System for Fast Cartographic Sounding Selection

Soundings on nautical charts provide information about the shape of the ocean bottom between chart depth curves. A single chart may have thousands of soundings posted on it. This article describes a system for automatic cartographic sounding selection. In this system, a new algorithm for automated selecting soundings is developed. The algorithm is employed in such a way that it can guarantee (a) fast and accurate selecting sounding, (b) processing the circular depth curves, (c) solving the overplotting problems between depth curves and soundings, and (d) keeping selected soundings “prettier.” The system was intensively tested using real data sets, and its superiority has been revealed by the testing results.     

Spreading rate dependence of the axial topography and gravity of the Mid‐Atlantic ridge between 22°N and 38°N

A method is developed to quantify the relationship between the ridge axial topography and gravity and the spreading rate along the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge between 22 and 38°N. This relationship reflects the variations of slope of the best‐fit line of topography and gravity spectra with the spreading rate of the ridge segments. The slope of the best‐fit line of topography spectrum becomes smaller as the spreading rate increases, indicating that with increasing spreading rate more energy of the ridge axial topography shifts into high‐frequency bands. The spreading rate dependence of the ridge axial topography may be explained by an anomalous thermal structure beneath the ridge. No significant correlation was found between the slope of the best‐fit line of gravity spectrum and the spreading rate in this region. The lack of spreading rate dependence of the ridge axial gravity may be attributable to the isostatic compensation of the spreading center.     

利用海洋磁力梯度数据重建总场的方法研究

通过分析影响磁力梯度仪的4大误差因素，认为地质信号主要分布在低频率段里，时变信号主要出现在中间频率段里，系统噪音主要出现在高频率段里，据此推断算法相应的定性行为。用正交相关函数法，计算了主从传感器之间的LAG值的范围。利用TVSA剖面积分法用于重建总场的研究，并把研究方法直接应用到了海上磁力梯度测线的重建总场中，恢复的结果显示方法是可行的。