板缘构造作用对泉州—汕头地震带的影响

位于东南沿海断块隆起区长乐—沼安断裂带(简称长沼带,下同)南段的泉州—汕头地震带(简称泉汕带,下同)是华南地区仅次于台湾的强烈地震活动带.自九世纪有地震记载以来,发生过多次破坏性地震.1604年的泉州近海地震,1600年和1918年的南澳地震,震级均大于7级.按6级以上地震统计,截止1976年,泉汕带已释放的地震总能量大于台湾西带.一、东海、南海、台湾海峡近代构造运动对泉汕带的影响东南沿海地区及邻近海域的近代构造运动以断块运动为主.     

台湾海峡强震活动及其动力环境

本文根据１９９４年９月１６日台湾海峡７．３级强震序列的空间活动图象变化特征，结合历史地震资料，比较分析了台湾海峡区域史今地震活动的总体演变过程，表明该区强震发生与周边地区的台湾，日本及菲律宾大地地震，在时间进程，强度变化和地域分布关系上存在关地球物理场变化的影响。     

郯庐地震带与日本海沟、琉球群岛地震带之间的地震活动群体特征联系

郯庐断裂带由太平洋板块向欧亚板块下俯冲所形成，各活动带之间的力学关系很好的表现在郯庐、西环太平洋地震带之间的地震活动群体特征上。通过研究地震带间地震活动群体特征之间的联系，为郯庐地震带地震中长期监测预报提供一定的帮助。     

台湾大地震活动的模糊时间分维特征

本文用模糊时间分维方法探讨了台湾地区地震活动的时间分布规律。结果发现,“大地震”活动的时间序列与分维持征间有良好对应关系。台湾东,西地震带自本纪纪以来划分的４个“大地震”活动高潮时段前,都有一段时显维过程。可以认为,分维特征较好地反映了台湾地区的中长期地震活动趋势。     

台湾海峡演变的初步研究

台湾海峡位于两个不同的构造单元之间。能反映台湾海峡基底的是居于海峡中部澎湖群岛中的花屿,系由变质岩和酸性火山岩所组成,它的岩性颇与福建东部的基底岩系和中生代火山岩相似。基底上复盖着较厚的上第三系和第四系,则与台湾西部可以对比,而福建东部却缺失上第三系。因此可以认为,台湾海峡在中生代晚期是福建古陆的一部分;到了新第三纪,它与台湾西部平原有着相同的地质发展过程。鉴于台湾浅滩和海峡海底有中新世大陆动物化石,而且海峡中普遍有上新世沉积,台湾海峡的形成时代是在中新世末或上新世初。从海峡两侧和海峡中排布着几条NNE向的断裂看,大致可以认为,台湾海峡的形成是断裂活动的结果。     

南海北部陆缘地震带的活动性与发震机制

南海北部陆缘地震带是一条板内地震活跃带,对其进行研究对于华南沿海的防震减灾和南海北部的新构造活动研究具有重要意义。通过地震活动性分析发现,该地震带可以划分为闽南―粤东、阳江、雷琼3个地震活跃区和珠江口地震弱活动区。结合区域构造背景分析发现,印藏碰撞导致的华南地块往E―SEE向运动并且该区东侧菲律宾海板块高速向NW向运动是该地震带的主要构造背景;二者的高速碰撞以及华南地块与西南、南侧块体的挤压剪切产生了巨大的应变能,这些应变能通过区内的滨海断裂带与壳内低速层进行传递、调整。在受挤压、剪切影响强烈的东、西部区域,除了在NW向与NE向的小规模断裂交会部位形成小震密集区之外,还在NW向断裂与滨海断裂带的交汇区域产生应力、应变积累,引发大震、强震。而在中部受影响较弱的珠江口区域,局部断裂稀疏,因而未出现小震密集区,并且大震、强震空缺。     

华南滨海断裂带及其对台湾海峡地震活动的控制作用

华南滨海断裂带是一条经历多期次活动的强活动断裂带，它控制着台湾海峡的地震活动和构造活动，也控制着台湾海峡的形成和演化。台湾海峡的滨海断裂带是华南滨海断裂带的一部分，是影响沿海海岸工程建设最大的一条强活动断裂带。简要分析了该断裂带的地质地貌特征和在地球物理剖面上的反映，以及它对台湾海峡地震活动的控制作用。根据台湾海峡的活动断裂、地震活动和深部构造应力分布特点，初步划分出该断裂带在未来100a内的6个潜在震源区，它们分别是A区(7～7．5级)、B区(5．25—6．5级)、C区(6．75—7级)、D区(5．5—6．5级)、E区(6．5～6．75级)和F区(5．5—6．5级)。     

台湾暖流区底层流观测

本文根据作者于1984年2月—1985年9月在台湾海峡、闽东渔场、台湾北部海域和浙江外海海域投放“人工水母,”的结果,对台湾暖流区的底层流进行了分析。结果表明:台湾暖流区的底层流比较稳定,各季的流向皆为北向流。其中,除闽、浙外海春季为北偏西向流外,其余皆为东北向流或正北向流。本文还得出,在台湾海峡中部和北部海域,冬季和春季的底层流与夏季一样是东北向流,而不是传统所认为的西南向流。     

台湾海峡及其邻近地区的地震海啸与海溢

台湾海峡及其邻区,历史上曾发生过多次海水暴涨。在剔除那些因台风暴雨而引起的海水暴涨外,本区自公元647年以来共发生9次,本文按其形成把它划分为地震海啸和地震海溢两种类型,通过对地质构造、震源机制和地球物理资料等方面阐述其成因条件。认为地震海啸可分布在台湾海峡内,而地震海啸只能分布在台湾东北部海域;在地震海溢中,震级(M)和它影响的距离(△)关系为:M=5.892+0.019△。     

泉州—汕头地震带晚更新世以来断裂活动性与地震的关系

几年来作者对泉州——汕头地震带进行了以活动断裂为中心的地震地质调查,先后完成了福建长乐——诏安断裂带近期活动的初步研究、福建沿海NW向断裂近期活动性与地震活动和福建沿海晚更新世滨海相地层的初步分析等论述,最近又在泉州等地作较细的研究,并结合确关文献,写成本文。由于作者的水平限制,文中错误难免,望予指正。一、地震活动带的基本特征泉州——汕头地震带是我国东南沿海主要的强震发生带。在此带内强震主要分布于闽江口以南到粤东沿海和近岸海域里。自西向东有三条近于平行的地震带分布,即:(1) 福州——诏安——揭阳地震分布带,北起福州经永泰、安溪、华安、漳州、三饶到揭阳;     

台湾海峡地质构造特征

台湾海峡及其邻区构造可分为３个一级构造单元，即闵浙中生代隆起区、台湾峡新生代坳陷区和台湾新生代岛弧褶断区。其中台湾海峡新生代坳陷区由海峡的主体和台湾西部兵陵平原区组成，它的东、西边界分别是台湾屈尺－老浓断裂带和粤滨外深断裂带。本文在以往海峡西岸东南海海长东－南澳断裂带研究基础上，对近年来台湾海峡、特别是海峡新生代坳陷区各次一级构造单元的深部地质结构，海底地形地貌、沉积特征、断裂构造、火成岩分布和地     

Geological Characteristics and Distribution of Submarine Physiographic Features in the Taiwan Region

The sea floor topography around Taiwan is characterized by the asymmetry of its shallow and flat shelves to the west and markedly deep troughs and basins to the south and east. Tectonics and sedimentation are major controls in forming the submarine physiographic features around Taiwan. Three Pliocene-Quaternary shelves are distributed north and west of Taiwan: East China Sea Shelf (passive margin shelf), the Taiwan Strait Shelf (foreland shelf), and Kaoping Shelf (island shelf) from north to south parallel to the strike of Taiwan orogen. Off northeastern Taiwan major morpho/tectonic features associated with plate subduction include E-W trending Ryukyu Trench, Yaeyama accretionary wedge, forearc basins, the Ryukyu Arcs, and the backarc basin of southern Okinawa Trough. Off eastern Taiwan lies the deep Huatung Basin on the Philippine Sea plate with a relatively flat floor, although several large submarine canyons are eroding and crossing the basin floor. Off southeastern Taiwan, the forearc region of the Luzon Arc has been deformed into five alternating N-S trending ridges and troughs during initial arc-continent collision. Among them, the submarine Hengchun Ridge is the seaward continuation of the Hengchun peninsula in southern Taiwan. Off southwestern Taiwan, the broad Kaoping Slope is the major submarine topographic feature with several noticeable submarine canyons. The Penghu Canyon separates this slope from the South China Sea Slope to the west and merges southwards into the Manila Trench in the northern South China Sea. Although most of sea floors of the Taiwan Strait are shallower than 60 m in water depth, there are three noticeable bathymetric lows and two highs in the Taiwan Strait. There exists a close relationship between hydrography and topography in the Taiwan Strait. The circulation of currents in the Taiwan Strait is strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon and semidiurnal tides. The Penghu Channel-Yunchang Ridge can be considered a modern tidal depositional system. The Taiwan Strait shelf has two phases of development. The early phase of the rift margin has developed during Paleoocene-Miocene and it has evolved to the foreland basin in Pliocene-Quaternary time. The present shelf morphology results mainly from combined effects of foreland subsidence and modern sedimentation overprinting that of the Late Pleistocene glaciation about 15,000 years ago.     

Geological Characteristics and Distribution of Submarine Physiographic Features in the Taiwan Region

The sea floor topography around Taiwan is characterized by the asymmetry of its shallow and flat shelves to the west and markedly deep troughs and basins to the south and east. Tectonics and sedimentation are major controls in forming the submarine physiographic features around Taiwan. Three Pliocene-Quaternary shelves are distributed north and west of Taiwan: East China Sea Shelf (passive margin shelf), the Taiwan Strait Shelf (foreland shelf), and Kaoping Shelf (island shelf) from north to south parallel to the strike of Taiwan orogen. Off northeastern Taiwan major morpho/tectonic features associated with plate subduction include E-W trending Ryukyu Trench, Yaeyama accretionary wedge, forearc basins, the Ryukyu Arcs, and the backarc basin of southern Okinawa Trough. Off eastern Taiwan lies the deep Huatung Basin on the Philippine Sea plate with a relatively flat floor, although several large submarine canyons are eroding and crossing the basin floor. Off southeastern Taiwan, the forearc region of the Luzon Arc has been deformed into five alternating N-S trending ridges and troughs during initial arc-continent collision. Among them, the submarine Hengchun Ridge is the seaward continuation of the Hengchun peninsula in southern Taiwan. Off southwestern Taiwan, the broad Kaoping Slope is the major submarine topographic feature with several noticeable submarine canyons. The Penghu Canyon separates this slope from the South China Sea Slope to the west and merges southwards into the Manila Trench in the northern South China Sea. Although most of sea floors of the Taiwan Strait are shallower than 60?m in water depth, there are three noticeable bathymetric lows and two highs in the Taiwan Strait. There exists a close relationship between hydrography and topography in the Taiwan Strait. The circulation of currents in the Taiwan Strait is strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon and semidiurnal tides. The Penghu Channel-Yunchang Ridge can be considered a modern tidal depositional system. The Taiwan Strait shelf has two phases of development. The early phase of the rift margin has developed during Paleoocene-Miocene and it has evolved to the foreland basin in Pliocene-Quaternary time. The present shelf morphology results mainly from combined effects of foreland subsidence and modern sedimentation overprinting that of the Late Pleistocene glaciation about 15,000 years ago.     

琼东南盆地中央坳陷带拆离断层及其控盆作用

Using regional geological, newly acquired 2D and 3D seismic, drilling and well log data, especially 2D long cable seismic profiles, the structure and stratigraphy in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin are interpreted. The geometry of No.2 fault system is also re-defined, which is an important fault in the central depression belt of the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin by employing the quantitative analysis techniques of fault activity and backstripping. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of the No.2 fault sys-tem and its controls on the central depression belt are analyzed. This study indicates that the Qiongdongnan Basin was strongly influenced by the NW-trending tensile stress field during the Late Eocene. At this time, No.2 fault system initiated and was characterized by several discontinuous fault segments, which controlled a series small NE-trending fault basins. During the Oligocene, the regional extensional stress field changed from NW-SE to SN with the oceanic spreading of South China Sea, the early small faults started to grow along their strikes, eventually connected and merged as the listric shape of the No.2 fault system as ob-served today. No.2 fault detaches along the crustal Moho surface in the deep domain of the seismic profiles as a large-scale detachment fault. A large-scale rollover anticline formed in hanging wall of the detachment fault. There are a series of small fault basins in both limbs of the rollover anticline, showing that the early small basins were involved into fold deformation of the rollover anticline. Structurally, from west to east, the central depression belt is characterized by alternatively arranged graben and half-graben. The central depression belt of the Qiongdongnan Basin lies at the extension zone of the tip of the V-shaped northwest-ern ocean sub-basin of the South China Sea, its activity period is the same as the development period of the northwestern ocean sub-basin, furthermore the emplacement and eruption of magma that originated from the mantle b     

台湾海峡表层沉积物中重矿物特征及其物质来源

台湾海峡重矿物平均分布0.95%,其分布由西岸向东岸递减;由北部经台湾浅滩朝粤东方向缓慢递减。碎屑矿物46种,以角闪石、绿帘石、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、褐铁矿和片状矿物为主,它们占重矿物含量的67%。据主要重矿物含量将海峡分成8个矿物组合区。碎屑矿物来自海峡两岸基岩,通过河流搬运入海,有部分片状矿物为海峡以北的物质随浙闽沿岸流进入海峡而沉积。其海绿石是台湾西岸、澎湖岛第三系或第四系含海绿石岩层剥蚀后搬运入海沉积而成的。台湾浅滩的残留沉积物为晚更新世低海面时期的河口滨海相沉积物。由于处在开放的海洋环境,至今没有接受现代沉积。残留沉积物中的磁铁矿、钛铁矿、锆石等重矿物相对富集,含量高于近源海域,有可能赋存浅海砂矿。     

台湾海峡地区新生代的构造演化

根据采集反射剖面,结合区域地质资料,分析了晋江凹陷、九龙江凹陷、新竹凹陷、台中凹陷和台湾凹陷为半地堑结构。新竹凹陷和台中凹陷下拗,演变为前陆盆地。晋江凹陷和九龙江凹陷因岩石圈上隆,其沉积较薄。这种模式决定了在台湾海峡地区,西部的生油气层为下第三系,而东部的生油气层为下第三系和上第三系。     

Potential Seismic Risk in Taiwan Strait Region

GPS observation indicates that the Fujian coastal region of China mainland, the region of Taiwan Strait and northern Taiwan island all show a generally homogenous horizontal motion with weak deformation. Historical earthquake record over more than 800 years and modern instrumental data reveal that there is potential seismic risk in and around Taiwan Strait region. After the National Seismic Zoning Map of China (2001) the expected seismic risk in northern part of the Taiwan Strait is lower than that in middle and southern part. The suggested northern route of the Taiwan Strait passage project seems to be relatively save seismically.     

Potential Seismic Risk in Taiwan Strait Region

GPS observation indicates that the Fujian coastal region of China mainland, the region of Taiwan Strait and northern Taiwan island all show a generally homogenous horizontal motion with weak deformation. Historical earthquake record over more than 800 years and modern instrumental data reveal that there is potential seismic risk in and around Taiwan Strait region. After the National Seismic Zoning Map of China (2001) the expected seismic risk in northern part of the Taiwan Strait is lower than that in middle and southern part. The suggested northern route of the Taiwan Strait passage project seems to be relatively save seismically.     

Nature and Distribution of the Deformation Front in the Luzon Arc-Chinese Continental Margin Collision Zone at Taiwan

Marine seismic reflection profiles from offshore SW Taiwan combined with onland geological data are used to investigate the distribution and nature of the deformation front west of Taiwan. Locations of the frontal structure west of Taiwan are generally connected in a linear fashion, although the alignment of frontal structures is offset by strike-slip faults. The deformation front begins from the northern Manila Trench near 21°N and continues northward along the course of the Penghu Submarine Canyon in a nearly N–S direction north of 21°N until it reaches the upper reaches of Penghu Canyon at about 22°15′N. The deformation front then changes direction sharply to the northeast. It connects to the Chungchou thrust fault or the Tainan anticline in the coastal plain and continues northwards along the outer Western Foothills to the northern coast of Taiwan near 25°N. Characteristics of structural style, strain regime, sedimentation and tectonics vary along the trend of the deformation front. Ramp anticlines, diapiric intrusion and incipient thrust faults are commonly associated with the deformation front. Variations in structural style along strike can be related to different stages of oblique collision in Taiwan. The deformation front (collision front) west of Taiwan can be considered as a boundary between contraction in the Taiwan orogen and extension west of the collision zone. The deformation front east of the Tainan Basin and its northward extension along the outer limit of the Western Foothills is the surface trace separating the foreland thrust belt from the nearby foredeep, not a boundary between the Chinese and Taiwan margins. The submarine deformation front off SW Taiwan is the surface trace separating the submerged Taiwan orogenic wedge from the Chinese passive continental margin, not a surface trace of the plate boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates.     

台湾海峡及其西边地区正常地震动态及危险性特征

本文从地震的时，空分布特征，区域应力场动态，能量释放方式，ｂ值及震群特征６个方面研究了台湾海峡及其西边地区地震活动的正常动态及异常特征。结果表明，具有前兆意义的变化模式表现为区域地震活动在时间，空间及功能方面的有序性变化，即：（ａ）地震空间分布由分散转为集中，形成条带或空区；（ｂ）断裂活动由多组转为单一，应力场趋向一致；（display status