基于分布式模型模拟的茶树种植适宜性区划

茶树种植适宜性区划研究可为浙江茶产业良好发展和优化布局提供理论依据。从气候、土壤、地形3类影响因子中选出10个因子对浙江省的茶树种植适宜性进行区划研究。其中,气候因子5个,分别为年平均气温、≥10℃活动积温、年降雨量、生长季平均相对湿度和年日照时数,这5个因子通过主成分分析筛选确定;土壤因子2个,即:土壤质地和土壤p H值;地形因子3个,即:海拔高度、坡度和坡向。考虑到浙江省地形复杂多样的实际情况,对所有气候因子采用分布式模型实现其空间分布精细化模拟。利用层次分析法确定各因子权重系数,采用加权求和法建立茶树种植综合区划评估模型。结合各种因子适宜性等级量化指标,最终获得茶树种植适宜性综合评价得分的空间分布。基于土地利用现状,屏蔽水域、城镇居民用地等不适宜种植区,将浙江分为适宜、较适宜和不适宜3个种植区。结果表明,浙江茶树种植各指标适宜性以气候适宜性最佳,地形适宜性次之,土壤适宜性最差。浙江茶树适宜区占参评面积(除去屏蔽区域)的45.51%,该区海拔、热量等自然资源充分满足茶树生长;较适宜区占47.05%,该区主要分布在平原地带或中高海拔地区;不适宜区占7.44%,主要分布在高山区,热量资源不足。     

基于GIS技术的河源地区猕猴桃种植生态适宜性评价

利用河源及其周边地区共24个国家气象站1970-2018年气象资料和地理信息数据,通过分析河源猕猴桃主产区气候特征及影响猕猴桃生长的关键因素,选取气象、地形和土壤三大类共12个评价因子指标,在GIS技术的支持下,采用层次分析法和加权指数求和法,构建河源地区猕猴桃种植生态适宜性评价指标体系,将种植区域划分为不适宜、次适宜、适宜和最适宜4个等级,并绘制出猕猴桃种植综合区划图。分析结果表明:连平、和平、龙川北部的零散区域为猕猴桃种植最适宜区,约占总区划面积的3%;中部偏西和紫金南部的零散区域为不适宜区,约占总区划面积的2%,主要受土壤、降水和气温等因素的限制;其他区域则处于适宜和次适宜种植区。     

基于GIS的福建省茉莉花气候适宜性区划与评估

利用福建省67个气象观测站1971—2020年气候资料、地理信息资料、茉莉花生育期调查和查阅文献资料，构建茉莉花气候适宜性指标体系，采用层次分析法确定各区划指标权重，运用隶属度函数和模糊综合评价法计算得到各站点的茉莉花气候适宜性指数，开展基于GIS的全省茉莉花气候适宜性区划。结果表明：茉莉花种植气候最适宜区主要分布在福建中部和南部沿海；适宜种植区主要分布在沿海北部和内陆的低海拔地区；次适宜种植区分布全省各地；不适宜种植区主要分布在沿山脉的高海拔地区。并通过区划结果与福建省历年茉莉花种植情况比对验证，区划结果与现有种植区较为吻合，可为福建省茉莉花种植规划提供科学依据。     

基于GIS的精河县枸杞种植气候适应性精细化区划

摘要：研究分析精河县枸杞种植的气候适宜性，为科学规划枸杞种植布局，充分合理地利用气候资源优势具有实际意义。利用精河县及周边范围内15个气象站1981-2020年逐日平均气温和最低气温资料，采用数理统计分析和GIS空间插值技术方法，在分析枸杞种植气候生态条件的基础上，筛选出≥10 ℃积温、≥10 ℃日数和≥10 ℃期间降水量作为枸杞气候适宜性区划指标，进而对气候要素指标进行栅格化。根据区划指标等级进行重分类，将各气候要素指标图层进行等权重叠加，获得精河县枸杞种植气候适宜性区划，结果表明，精河县枸杞种植区可分为最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区4个分区，最适宜种植区分布在精河县中部海拔400～600 m的带状平原区，该区综合气候条件非常利于枸杞优质高产；适宜种植区分布在沿最适宜种植区两侧海拔250～400 m和海拔600～800 m的中部平原地带，综合气候条件稍逊于最适宜区。建议在最适宜区和适宜区内发展枸杞不但产量高而且品质好。。     

基于GIS的普定县茶树种植气候适宜性区划

利用贵州省安顺市6个气象站1961—2010年资料,根据气候资源的小网格分析方法,建立普定县茶树种植气候区划因子与地理信息空间分析模型,以GIS为技术支撑,对普定县茶树种植的适宜气候条件进行区划。结果表明:普定县茶树种植的气候适宜性自东北向西南呈明显递增趋势,适宜区和最适宜区占该县国土面积的68%,覆盖该县2/3以上的土地均可种植茶树,为普定县种植茶树的合理布局与规划提供科学依据。     

河源市油茶种植气候适宜性精细化区划

基于1970—2019年河源市及周边地区共35个国家气象站的逐日气温、降水数据和地形高程数据，依据油茶生长发育的气候条件，筛选出了河源市油茶种植气候区划指标，并利用GIS技术对河源市油茶种植气候适宜性进行了精细化区划。结果表明：河源市油茶种植气候最适宜、适宜、次适宜和不适宜区分别占区划面积的48.26%、18.25%、33.48%和0.01%;最适宜区主要集中在龙川县、和平县、连平县大部以及东源县西北部、东南部和紫金县中东部；适宜区主要分布在和平县和连平县南部，以及龙川县中部和紫金县东南部；次适宜区主要分布在东源县大部、龙川县西南部以及紫金县中西部；不适宜区主要分布在连平县黄牛石一带零星区域。区划结果与实际种植区有很好的一致性。     

河源地区茶树种植适宜性综合评价体系的构建与应用

利用河源和周边地区24个国家气象站1970—2018年气象资料和地理信息数据,选取气候、地形和土壤3方面共12个因子,构建河源地区茶树种植适宜性评价指标体系。在GIS软件支持下,运用层次分析法和综合指数法,将河源茶树种植区域分为不适宜、较适宜和适宜3个等级,并绘制出茶树综合评价图,对评价结果作了进一步分析。结果表明:河源适宜茶树种植的区域面积约占51.6%,主要分布在连平县、东源县东部、紫金县中东部、和平县西部、龙川县的中部偏东和南北两端;较适宜区约占48.3%,主要分布在和平县中东部、紫金县西部、东源县北部、龙川县中部偏南和靠近和平县的区域;不适宜区约占0.1%,主要为紫金西南部的小部分区域。     

基于GIS的紫薯种植适宜性气候分析——以济南市长清区为例

依据紫薯的生物学特性以及对农业气候条件的需求,利用长清地区1981—2016年气候资料和乡镇级气象资料,运用Kriging插值法和加权综合评价法,借助GIS空间技术,完成对长清区紫薯种植适宜性农业气候划分。结果表明:长清区大部分地区处于适宜性和最适宜性种植区。东南部适宜性较差,分布有一般适宜区。最适宜区主要分布在平安街道办事处、文昌街道办事处、归德镇等乡镇、办事处,占全区面积的48%;适宜区分布在双泉乡、马山镇、五峰山街道办事处等地区,占全区面积的34%;一般适宜区零星分布在长清区南部、东南部地区,万德镇和张夏镇所占面积较多。该文提出的种植适宜性结果,旨在为当地农业部门合理利用气候资源、调整作物种植结构,提高特色作物的种植水平以及进一步推广提供依据。     

基于气候适宜度的南方柑橘种植精细化气候区划

为探究气候变化对南方柑橘种植气候适宜性的影响,基于气候适宜度函数建立柑橘发育期温度、降水、日照以及综合适宜度模型,对南方柑橘种植区近60年（1960—2019年）361个气象站观测数据进行精细化插值（Anusplin插值）并计算气候适宜度,采用自然断点法分4个等级对柑橘种植区进行气候区划,并分前、后30年对比分析研究区气候资源及适宜度的空间变化特征。结果表明:与前30年相比,后30年的温度适宜度并未出现较大变化,降水适宜度低值区有所扩大,日照适宜度低值区有所减小;柑橘最适宜种植区主要集中于四川东部、云南南部、重庆西北部、广西、湖北大部分区域;最适宜种植区面积减小约29%,不适宜种植区面积扩大约34%。经高温热害及低温冻害概率空间分布验证,区划结果的准确性较高,可以用于指导和优化柑橘种植及生产实践。     

旺苍县核桃种植气候适宜性区划研究

利用旺苍县50个地面气象站的逐日观测资料,结合旺苍县核桃种植气候适宜性需求,选取年降水量、年平均气温、年日照时数和年≥10℃积温作为气候适宜性区划指标,建立气候因子空间模型,运用GIS技术开展旺苍县核桃种植气候适宜性区划研究.结果表明:旺苍县核桃种植气候适宜性可划分为3类,即最适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区;最适宜区主要分布...     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Information for Authors

正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.