豫西优质苹果的气候条件分析

通过对豫西卢氏县官道口乡与省内其他地方的热量、水分、湿度、光照等气候条件的对比分析,得知官道口乡苹果所以优质的决定因素在于优越的气候条件,从而确定崤山南坡800～1200 m海拔高度为河南省最适苹果栽培区.     

栖霞苹果优质高产的气候条件分析

通过分析栖霞苹果各生育期适宜的气候条件，研究影响苹果质量、产量的主要气象因素，分析影响苹果生产的主要气象灾害，提出了苹果生产中应注意的问题。     

惠水县摆榜乡脱毒马铃薯种植的气候条件分析

根据脱毒马铃薯对气候条件的要求,分析了惠水县摆榜乡的气候条件,摆榜乡的气温、水分、光照条件十分适宜种植脱毒马铃薯.并提出了科学的种植建议,为当地合理利用气候条件科学种植脱毒马铃薯提供理论依据.     

内蒙古地区黄芪生长的农业气候条件分析

分析黄芪生长发育所需要气候条件和我区基本气候条件，总结我区黄芪生长的气候优势和不利气候条件，根据黄芪生长所需基本气候条件，确定气候区划指标，应用气候相似原理进行黄芪生长的气候区划分，以利于我区黄芪生产发展。     

青海气候条件对牧草再生性影响的研究

本选取1994～2001年河南、甘德两站牧草再生草资料及同期气象资料，通过分析同一地区不同时期及同一时期不同地区气候条件对牧草再生性的影响，建立了牧草再生草产量气候模式，讨论了再生草增、减产的气候条件。经研究得出：同一地区不同时期和同一时期不同地区因气候条件不同，割草不一定能增产。     

青海气候条件对牧草再生性影响的研究

选取1994～2001年河南、甘德两站牧草再生草资料及同期气象资料，通过分析同一地区不同时期及同一时期不同地区气候条件对牧草再生性的影响，建立了牧草再生草产量气候模式，讨论了再生草增、减产的气候条件。研究得出：同一地区不同时期和同一时期不同地区因气候条件不同，割草不一定能增产。     

临沂市引种开心果的气候可行性分析

根据开心果的生物学特性及其对气候条件的要求，用1971～2000年临沂市10个观测站的地面气象资料对引种开心果的气候可行性进行了论证。在自然气候条件下，临沂市大部丘陵山地适宜种植开心果，并提出优质高产的对策建议。     

气候因子对蚕桑生产的影响和作用

根据蚕桑生物学特性及其对气候条件的要求，利用1983～1996年天目山南侧气候考察资料（包括临安、昌化两站气象资料），以统计分析的方法，从立体上分析了不同层次的气候条件对蚕桑生产的影响，找出适宜发展蚕桑生产的最佳气候层。     

枣庄红石榴优质高产的气候条件分析

根据红石榴生长的适宜气候条件，与枣庄市气候条件进行对比，分析枣庄地区降水、气温、光照对红石榴种植生产的适宜性，并针对当地容易出现的影响红石榴优质高产的气象因素提出应对措施。     

威宁精品苹果与自然气候分析

对威宁气候、温带水果调查和分析,发现了影响苹果产量的主要因素是花期至幼果期出现气温0℃的倒春寒和重霜灾;影响苹果质量的因素是修剪、管理和5—8月的日照多寡。提出了防御灾害和趋利避害的措施。     

基于气候资源向量的相对气候生产潜力模型研究

从气候状态向量的观点出发,借助于旋转主分量分析方法,计算各站气候资源向量.在此基础上,将光照、热量、水分等气候环境条件综合为气候资源向量并分别与某种作物的标准生长模式曲线线型建立差异(作物生态适宜度)比较关系,提出一种新的农业气候生产潜力模型.由此得到相对光合生产潜力、相对光热生产潜力和相对气候生产潜力,从而改进了原有...     

Drivers of national climate policy

Patterns of national climate policy performance and their implications for the geopolitics of climate change are examined. An overview of levels of emissions performance across countries is first provided. Substantial changes in emissions trends over time are documented, notably with GHG emissions trajectories, which are shaped less and less by the developed/developing country divide. Various patterns of policy convergence and divergence in the types of policies states implement are then surveyed. Four broad types of explanation that may account for these trends are then explored: (1) variation in the institutional form of country-level governance regimes, (2) patterns of dependence on fossil fuel energy, (3) broad systemic differences among states (specifically in their population densities, carbon intensity, and per capita incomes, and (4) variations in the traditions of economic intervention by states. The article contributes to the growing body of work on comparative climate policy, and provides a first attempt at exploring the comparative politics of instrument choice. The analysis challenges the continued importance of a North–South divide for the future of climate policy, thus reinforcing a sense of the ‘new geopolitics’ of climate change. Some of the implications of the analysis for debates about the form of future international agreement on mitigation policy are also explored.

Policy relevance

The article contributes to the understanding of the variety of institutional conditions under which policy makers develop policy and thus the constraints and opportunities for the design of international agreements under these conditions.     

Changes in climate extremes on the territory of Siberia by the middle of the 21st century: An ensemble forecast based on the MGO regional climate model

The results are analyzed of the ensemble forecast of temperature and precipitation extremes on the territory of Siberia by the middle of the 21st century based on the regional climate model of the Main Geophysical Observatory (MGO) with the resolution of 25 km. The results of computation of oceanic components of CMIP3 coupled models are used as the boundary conditions on the sea surface. It is demonstrated that the high resolution of the regional model enables to simulate the observed climate variability in a more realistic way as compared to the low-resolution models. The analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio for future climate changes made it possible to determine to which degree its internal variability for various time scales (from interannual to interdecennial one) bounds the potential of the ensemble to compute the statistically significant anthropogenic changes of extremes. A comparative analysis of variations of extreme and average seasonal characteristics of the Siberian climate is carried out.     

临河气象观测站迁移对气象要素的影响分析

文章通过对内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河地面气象观测站迁移前、后4a的自动气象站观测要素对比分析,得出临河迁站前、后气象要素存在明显的差异:新站的年、月平均气温比旧站低、相对湿度比旧站高、风速比旧站大。旧站的观测资料仅代表城市中心局部气候状况,已经不能较好的反映本地区的气候特点;而新站则较好的反映了临河地区城郊大范围的天气气候状况。同时分析了新、旧站各气象要素差值的形成原因,期望为天气预报、气候评价、气象服务等提供数据参考。     

广西气候对抑郁症患者影响及家庭护理探讨

在同样气候条件下,通过对50例有条件可以获得家庭护理的抑郁症患者,给家属作健康教育,指导家庭护理和50例无条件获家庭护理的患者数据进行分析得出：气候与抑郁症有显著关系,1月、2月份最寒冷,日短夜长,11月、3月份气温不稳定,并时常绵绵细雨,日照少,具有诱发抑郁症的气象因素,而恰当的家庭护理可以有效缓解抑郁症的复发或减轻症状;用SPSS软件包进行检验,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。     

丽水市生态气候休闲养生适宜性分析

人们的休闲养生活动与气候条件和生态环境密切关联。选取反映气候综合状况的4项气候指数和表征生态环境质量的5项生态指标,对丽水市生态气候的休闲养生适宜性进行了分析。分析结果表明:丽水气候全年有8个月的人体舒适度气象指数BCMI等级达到"舒适"和"较舒适"级别,其中"舒适"级别有4个月;有11个月的气候适宜旅游度假(度假气候指数HCI60),其中"很适宜"级别月份有5个,"特别适宜"级别月份有1个;丽水冬季气候风寒指数WCI值在550 kcal/m~2·h以下,极少出现严寒天气,气候仅会对人体产生弱度冷胁迫;夏季丽水气候温湿度相对较高,尤其是7月温湿指数THI值可达80以上,城市区域的温湿胁迫较为强烈。丽水市生态环境优质,森林覆盖率为80.8%、物种丰度指数达0.96、断面水质达标率为98.9%、优良空气天数达360天,并拥有14个国家4A级旅游景区。国内21座城市生态气候数据的对比分析显示,丽水市气候指标占优、生态指标领先,其休闲养生适宜性在国内城市中具有突出优势。     

World trade as the adjustment mechanism of agriculture to climate change

This paper evaluates the role of trade as a mechanism of economic adjustment to the impacts of climate change on agriculture. The study uses a model of the world economy able to reflect changes in comparative advantage; the model is used to test the hypotheses that trade can assure that, first, satisfying global agricultural demand will not be jeopardized, and, second, general access to food will not decrease. The hypotheses are tested for three alternative scenarios of climate change; under each scenario, regions adjust to the climatic assumptions by changing the land areas devoted to agriculture and the mix of agricultural goods produced, two of the major mechanisms of agricultural adaptation. We find that trade makes it possible to satisfy the world demand for agricultural goods under the changed physical conditions. However, access to food decreases in some regions of the world. Other patterns also emerge that indicate areas of concern in relying on trade as a mechanism for the adjustment of agriculture to likely future changes in climate.     

Perceptions of climate change: Linking local and global perceptions through a cultural knowledge approach

Understanding public perceptions of climate change is fundamental to both climate science and policy because it defines local and global socio-political contexts within which policy makers and scientists operate. To date, most studies addressing climate change perceptions have been place-based. While such research is informative, comparative studies across sites are important for building generalized theory around why and how people understand and interpret climate change and associated risks. This paper presents a cross-sectional study from six different country contexts to illustrate a novel comparative approach to unraveling the complexities of local vs global perceptions around climate change. We extract and compare ‘cultural knowledge’ regarding climate change using the theory of ‘culture as consensus’. To demonstrate the value of this approach, we examine cross-national data to see if people within specific and diverse places share ideas about global climate change. Findings show that although data was collected using ethnographically derived items collected through place-based methods we still find evidence of a shared cultural model of climate change which spans the diverse sites in the six countries. Moreover, there are specific signs of climate change which appear to be recognized cross-culturally. In addition, results show that being female and having a higher education are both likely to have a positive effect on global cultural competency of individuals. We discuss these result in the context of literature on environmental perceptions and propose that people with higher education are more likely to share common perceptions about climate change across cultures and tentatively suggest that we appear to see the emergence of a ‘global’, cross-cultural mental model around climate change and its potential impacts which in itself is linked to higher education.     

The contribution of future agricultural trends in the US Midwest to global climate change mitigation

Land use change is a complex response to changing environmental and socioeconomic systems. Historical drivers of land use change include changes in the natural resource availability of a region, changes in economic conditions for production of certain products and changing policies. Most recently, introduction of policy incentives for biofuel production have influenced land use change in the US Midwest, leading to concerns that bioenergy production systems may compete with food production and land conservation. Here we explore how land use may be impacted by future climate mitigation measures by nesting a high resolution agricultural model (EPIC – Environmental Policy Indicator Climate) for the US Midwest within a global integrated assessment model (GCAM – Global Change Assessment Model). This approach is designed to provide greater spatial resolution and detailed agricultural practice information by focusing on the climate mitigation potential of agriculture and land use in a specific region, while retaining the global economic context necessary to understand the far ranging effects of climate mitigation targets. We find that until the simulated carbon prices are very high, the US Midwest has a comparative advantage in producing traditional food and feed crops over bioenergy crops. Overall, the model responds to multiple pressures by adopting a mix of future responses. We also find that the GCAM model is capable of simulations at multiple spatial scales and agricultural technology resolution, which provides the capability to examine regional response to global policy and economic conditions in the context of climate mitigation.     

大兴安岭气候干湿变化及对森林火灾的影响

明确气候变化背景下大兴安岭林区气候干湿状况特征,揭示其对森林火灾的影响,可为该区域森林火灾管理和森林资源保护提供科学依据。基于大兴安岭林区1974—2016年标准化降水指数（SPI）,采用统计分析和对比分析方法,系统研究不同干湿情景对森林火灾发生次数及过火面积的影响,并讨论不同等级干旱对其影响的异同性。结果表明:1974—2016年,年、季尺度上大兴安岭林区气候均呈湿润化趋势。森林火灾发生次数多（少）和过火面积大（小）与气候的干湿状况（等级）基本一致,但森林火灾的发生次数与气候干湿状况相关更为密切。年尺度上,SPI与火灾次数呈负相关,与过火面积的自然对数则呈较弱的负相关;季尺度上,各季节SPI与对应的林火次数和过火面积自然对数均呈显著的负相关,但与过火面积的相关程度差异较大,以春季相关最为显著,秋季次之,夏季则相对较弱;不同季节SPI与年林火次数和过火面积自然对数呈负相关,前一年冬季SPI对当年火灾次数的贡献最大。可见,气候干湿状况对森林火灾的影响存在明显的滞后效应。SPI不仅能较好地反映区域气候的干湿状况,亦能较好地指示森林火灾发生的可能性及发生火灾的过火面积的相对变化情况,可为森林火灾预测和管理提供科学依据。