2007年黑龙江省干旱评估分析

1干旱概况本文选择黑河、嫩江、讷河、龙江、海伦、萝北、富锦、绥化、铁力、佳木斯、依兰、桦南、集贤、宝清、哈尔滨、肇源、双城、勃利、密山、五常、穆棱等21个有代表性的市县,这些市县分布在黑龙江省西部、中部、东部,基本可以反映出全     

历数河北的那些气象灾害

河北省地处华北平原东北部,境内冷暖气团活动频繁,自古以来就是一个气象灾害严重的地区。全省范围内,气象灾害的种类多、频次高、范围广。主要灾害有：干旱、大风、沙尘暴、暴雨、洪涝、干热风、冰雹、雷电、连阴雨、高温、大雾、风暴潮、霜冻、暴雪、强寒潮等,以上气象灾害每年均有不同程度的发生。     

欢迎订阅《应用气象学报》

《应用气象学报》是由中国气象科学研究院、国家气象中心、国家卫星气象中心、国家气候中心、国家气象信息中心和中国气象局气象探测中心联合主办的大气科学理论与应用研究的综合性学术期刊。《应用气象学报》将向您提供有关我国大气科学领域内研究和应用成果的最新论文、资料、方法等大量信息,内容包括气象预报、卫星气象、农业气象、海洋气象、航空气象、环境气象、人工影响天气、应用气象、大气探测、遥感技术以及计算机应用技术等学科;还将向您介绍国内外现代科技的新理论与新技术在大气科学中应用的研究论文及信息。主要栏目有论著、短论、综合评述、业务系统、学术论坛、研究简报、书刊评     

欢迎订阅《应用气象学报》

正《应用气象学报》是由中国气象科学研究院、国家气象中心、国家卫星气象中心、国家气候中心、国家气象信息中心和中国气象局气象探测中心联合主办的大气科学理论与应用研究的综合性学术期刊。《应用气象学报》将向您提供有关我国大气科学领域内研究和应用成果的最新论文、资料、方法等大量信息,内容包括气象预报、卫星气象、农业气象、海洋气象、航空气象、环境气象、人工影响天气、应用气象、大气探测、遥感技术以及计算机应用技术等学科;还将向您介绍国内外现代科技的新理论与新技术在大气科学中应用的研究论文及信息。主要栏目有论著、短论、综合评述、业务系统、学术论坛、研究简报、书刊评     

IPCC关于可选择温室气体排放测量方法的科学专家会议简介

2009年3月18～20日在挪威首都奥斯陆召开了IPCC关于可选择温室气体排放测量方法的科学专家会议。此次会议为邀请专家的封闭式会议。来自挪威、英国、美国、塞拉利昂、意大利、日本、法国、俄罗斯、新西兰、巴西、瑞士、肯尼亚、印度、古巴、德国、马来西亚、荷兰、比利时以及中国共19个国家的20多位专家出席了会议。     

欢迎订阅《应用气象学报》

正《应用气象学报》是由中国气象科学研究院、国家气象中心、国家卫星气象中心、国家气候中心、国家气象信息中心和中国气象局气象探测中心联合主办的大气科学理论与应用研究的综合性学术期刊。《应用气象学报》将向您提供有关我国大气科学领域内研究和应用成果的最新论文、资料、方法等大量信息,内容包括气象预报、卫星气象、农业气象、海洋气象、航空气象、环境气象、人工影响天气、应用气象、大气探测、遥感技术以及计算     

《气象与环境科学》征稿简则

正《气象与环境科学》是由河南省气象局主办,河南省气象学会、郑州大学、河南大学、河南农业大学等单位协办的自然科学学术期刊,发表有关大气科学、应用气象、生态与环境科学等领域的具有创新性和应用性的研究成果和有独到见解的综述性论文。本刊旨在促进大气科学、应用气象及生态与环境科学的繁荣,发挥其在社会发展、经济建设、防灾减灾及人民生活中的作用,为气象、农业、环保、水利、林业、民航等部门及相关高校搭建一个高层次的学术交流平台。欢迎国内外专家、学者,气象及农业、环保、水利、林业、民航等部门专业技术人员,高等院校师生赐稿。     

2011年夏季全国干旱状况及其影响与成因

2011年夏季（6～8月）,我国贵州、云南、广西、湖南、江西、湖北、江苏、安徽、山东、河南、甘肃、陕西、宁夏以及内蒙古等省区存在不同程度的旱情,旱区农业、牧业、人畜饮水、江河及湖泊水位、水利发电等受到不同程度的影响。大气环流异常仍是导致各地干旱少雨的主要原因。     

世界级的黄金冰雪旅游带——走进张广才岭

在塞外,有一个以滑雪驰名、赏雪著称的地方叫张广才岭。这个名字也许陌生,但说到滑雪天堂亚布力、雪乡双峰林场、狩猎圣地玉泉鸽子洞,定会唤醒你对塞北雪的记忆,亚布力、乌吉密、帽儿山、横道河子、二龙山、长寿山、威虎山、得莫利、平山、八一等众多滑雪场星罗棋布,龙凤山世界气象组织大气本底站、横道河子东北虎野化驯养基地、北方最大的森林动物园以及凤凰山、松峰山等众多国家森林公园与风景名胜区鳞次栉比,犹如珠镶翠玉、带嵌宝石,遍布其间。     

《欧洲气候影响》2018年12月

这本由欧盟联合研究中心(JRC)发表的报告,选择2018年气候大会召开之际,通过阐述气候变化的影响,表明了欧洲应对气候变化的态度。报告分6章,在第3章阐述影响时,分沿海洪水、河流洪水、干旱、农业、能源、交通、水资源、栖息地消失、林火、劳动生产率、热浪死亡等11个视角展开。     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

冰冻圈影响区恢复力研究和实践:进展与展望

气候变化引起全球冰冻圈各要素普遍退缩,进而深刻影响着区域生态安全和社会经济发展。恢复力(resilience)以降低脆弱性为目标,维持和培育社会-生态系统应对外界胁迫和干扰的能力,为应对冰冻圈变化引起的负面影响、实现区域可持续发展提供了重要的理论和实践框架。文中辨识了全球变暖背景下冰冻圈过程和功能变化对主要社会-生态系统的影响,综述了当前冰冻圈影响区恢复力相关的主要研究和实践进展,探讨了加强冰冻圈影响区社会-生态系统恢复力的路径。我们认为未来要进一步加强区域和全球冰冻圈变化及其影响综合评估,深入研究冰冻圈影响区社会-生态系统变化的驱动机制、级联效应和稳态转换;在实践上将减缓、适应和转型有机结合,建立管控区域社会-生态系统演化的综合监测、评估、预警和决策系统,从而促进系统朝着更具恢复力和可持续的路径发展。     

关于气候变化与荒漠化关系的新认知

IPCC于2019年8月7日通过了《气候变化与土地特别报告》决策者摘要,报告第3章评估了气候变化与荒漠化的关系,取得了一些新认识,包括全球旱地(dryland)和荒漠化的范围、荒漠化过程与影响因素、荒漠化的检测与归因、荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、未来气候变化对荒漠化的影响与风险,应对荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化的联系。在估计荒漠化变化、荒漠化变化检测与归因、荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、应对荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化联系方面还存在不足。这些评估结果对我国认识旱地和荒漠化范围的变化、影响荒漠化因素、荒漠化过程、荒漠化变化检测与归因,荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、未来气候变化对荒漠化的影响与风险,以及防治荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化方面等都有重要的启示。     

我国霾研究进展与公共安全影响应对*

在给出霾的定义、特征及空间分布的基础上,介绍了霾的物理学特性、化学特性及气象学研究的最新进展,分析了霾对公共卫生健康、交通安全的影响, 提出了科学编制防御规划、统筹建立协调机制、有效推进减霾行动、提供相应科技支撑、完善相关政策法规等对策建议,对于政府相关部门制定霾天气应对和防治措施具有积极的决策参考作用,减少或减轻霾对经济社会发展和人体健康带来的损害威胁。     

Model simulations of rainout and washout from a warm stratiform cloud

A one-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model with parameterized microphysics is used to investigate the processes which control the rainout and washout of soluble gases from warm, precipitating stratiform clouds. Calculations are presented simulating the distributions of soluble species within and below the cloud layer and in the precipitating raindrops as a function of time and species' solubility. Our calculations indicate that for species with low solubility, wet removal processes are relatively slow and thus do not significantly affect the species' gas-phase abundance. As a result, the removal of low-solubility species by rainout and washout is controlled by thermodynamic processes with the concentration of the species in cloud and rainwater largely determined by the species' solubility. For highly soluble species on the other hand, dissolution into cloud droplets and removal in rain is quite rapid and the abundance of highly soluble species within and below the cloud falls rapidly as soon as the precipitation begins. Because of this rapid decrease in concentration, we find that for highly soluble species: concentrations in cloud droplets near the cloud base can exceed that of raindrops by factors of 2 to 10; washout can dominate over rainout as a removal mechanism; and that, after an extended period of rainfall, the rate of removal becomes independent of the microphysical properties and rainfall rate of the cloud and is controlled by the rate of transport of material into the precipitating column by horizontal advection.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Field Experimental Investigations on the Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-Content in Cloudwater Samples

The Fe(II)/Fe(III)-partition in cloudwater samples collected during two field campaigns is evaluated. It turned out that the simultaneous occurrence of complexing and reducing substances in the atmosphere and the cloud processing increase the solubility of iron compounds present in aerosol particles. A correlation between the concentration of iron(II) in the liquid phase and the intensity of the solar irradiation was observed for most of the cloudwater samples. This could be due to the fact that both the photochemical reduction of the iron(III) complexes and the photochemical reductive dissolution of iron(III)(hydr)oxides are depending on the pH-value. Iron(II) seems to be oxidised back to iron(III) preferably by hydrogen peroxide during the night. Positive correlations were received e.g. between the concentration of dissolved iron and the concentration of oxalate and between the percentage of iron(III) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. A negative correlation was found e.g. between the concentration of dissolved iron and the pH-value. The uncertainty of the whole process of sampling and analysis was investigated and the conformity of the results was satisfying considering the sometimes difficult conditions during a field campaign.     

人工影响天气弹药储运安全保障探讨

人工影响天气弹药仓储、运输困难严重影响安全作业。以湖南省人工影响天气弹药储运为例,从现代管理技术和机制上探讨人工影响天气弹药储运安全保障措施。结果表明,采用分区划片、区域保障的仓储原则可以解决炮弹火箭弹禁止混存的问题;通过物联网系统建设实现弹药信息化科学管理,通过构建政府主导、军地协同、部门落实的人工影响天气弹药安全保障体系,能适应政府和军区改革。新形势下军地协同保障弹药储运促进了人工影响天气事业的安全发展。     

安顺两次特大暴雨过程的TBB和螺旋度对比分析

利用自动站观测资料、探空资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2010年6月27日夜间和2012年7月12日夜间贵州南部局地大暴雨天气过程进行对比分析。结果表明,安顺的两次特大暴雨天气过程主要是受高空槽和中低层切变共同影响,并配合低空急流,形成了有利于强降水的环流背景。安顺处于假相当位温的高能舌区和K指数、螺旋度的大值区,为特大暴雨的形成提供了很好的能量和动力条件。MCC是造成安顺特大暴雨天气的直接原因,强降水发生在云团的冷核中心内,最强降水均出现在MCC的成熟期。关岭滑坡现场与周围环境明显的海拔高度差和温度差造成的热力差异,为关岭岗乌两次特大暴雨提供了动力源和暖湿气流,并造成了关岭岗乌多次的强降水。     

基于GIS技术的人工影响天气业务系统的设计

介绍基于G IS技术,以基础地理环境为基础构筑人工影响天气业务系统平台,对炮点定位数据、卫星云图资料、雷达回波资料、气象观测资料等数据进行分析、定位及叠加等处理,为人工影响天气的决策提供依据;利用GPS技术对进行人工降雨作业的飞机进行监控,及时了解作业情况等。