内容分类与元数据在内容管理系统中的应用

内容分类是企业信息管理的纲要性架构。元数据是信息整合中共同遵守的约定。本文介绍了四川农经网在网站集群建设中应用内容管理和元数据的一些应用实例,并提出了在网络信息资源组织中的观点。     

气象元数据标准与信息发布技术研究

元数据在数据交换、网络信息资源发现和共享系统建设中具有很重要的作用。文章简论了元数据和元数据标准的最新研究和应用概况, 并重点介绍了WMO核心元数据标准, 以及我国气象数据集元数据格式标准制定的原则、依据和内容。还论述了元数据系统的构建和发布流程; 最后结合气象科学数据共享项目建设规划和分布式共享平台的建设实践, 详细阐述了中国气象科学数据共享服务网元数据发布系统的设计方案和实现方式。     

“12121”气象语音自动答询系统播报内容自动更新

气象"12121"咨询电话是气象部门服务公众的重要服务窗口,是快捷查询到最新气象信息和灾害天气预警信息的重要途径。该研究利用Visual Basic程序设计开发了伍豪"12121"系统播报内容自动更新软件。该软件采用TTS文本转换语音技术,通过实时读取气象灾害预警信息、天气实况及天气预报内容并转换成语音文件更新到系统中,让拨打用户能收听到最新的气象信息。同时,本研究的关键技术也可为其它厂商系统实现这一功能提供相应参考。     

新书架

《台站元数据质量控制方法及软件设计》李长军著该书第一部分介绍了台站元数据内容、来源和质量控制方案,首次利用台站元数据外部一致性、内部一致性、数据合理性,以及各时期观测规范相关内容、月报(年报)数据文件信息,结合人工对元数据质量控制经验,制定了台站元数据质量控制方法和质量控制指标。第二部分介绍了台站元数据质量控制软件的设计和各软件功能的实现方法。第三部分介绍了软件的使用、各项疑误信息的处理方法以及台站元数据统计输出结果分析说明。该书可供从事台站元数据处理方面和软件功能设计的专家学者参考。     

后台管理模式在数据共享平台中的应用

为了使气象科学数据共享平台的运行逐步向自动化和业务化管理方向发展,基于元数据技术,建立了有针对性的后台管理模式,设计和开发了气象科学数据共享服务平台后台管理系统。该文介绍了当前信息系统发展的特点,分析了后台管理系统建设的业务需求,重点描述了系统的结构设计和元数据设计。共享平台的后台管理系统划分为数据层、管理层、服务层和保障层等4个结构层次,由元数据管理、业务管理、平台管理和系统监视等4个部件构成。系统采用J2EE的架构,保障了系统的可扩展性和灵活操作,实现了元数据管理、数据 (集) 管理、信息统计、内容管理、安全管理、系统配置管理和运行监视等功能。后台管理系统的部署和实施使新数据产品的发布更加便捷,也更具有时效性,保障了气象科学数据共享平台的平稳和安全运行。     

基于开源CMS系统的网站群设计

内容管理系统(CMS)是四川省农村经济综合信息中心及其所辖省市县乡4级信息员的日常业务所依赖的工作系统,代表了中心业务技术的主流。在以开源Java CMS业务化应用为目标的进程中,完成了Windows向Linux、C#向Java、数据库向CMS的转型;促成了元数据技术在内容分类标准、内容类型定义中的应用;在CMS中的角色概念的作用下形成了系统管理员、开发团队、内容管理员的组织架构和省市县乡门户管理的组织形态;在CMS中的内容控制概念的作用下实现了虚拟文件系统、采编发工作流程、多站点内容管理;在门户技术的作用下实现了模板管理、页面内容等功能。最终有效实现了四川省气象网站、四川农村信息网以及21个分中心网站的高效管理。     

IPTV在农村信息化中的应用

iptv作为一种新的信息服务手段,除了在城市开始应用,在农村同样具有相当的发展前景.由IPTV内容管理系统、"ADSL+机顶盒+电视"构成的传输与终端系统,为信息的进村入户提供了新的途径.     

WMO信息系统中气象元数据的设计与实现

随着越来越多基于网络、自动化的信息共享系统的广泛使用,元数据已成为不同学科间共享信息的关键。近年来气象数据的应用领域不断扩展,气象数据面临着海量信息流通共享的迫切需要,由此气象元数据应运而生。该文介绍的气象元数据是在满足WMO (世界气象组织) 信息系统提出的包括提供在线元数据、数据目录服务和提高元数据定义、收集、归档和交换的标准化水平在内的总体需求的背景下,依据WMO核心元数据标准设计并由自开发程序自动生成的。北京GISC系统是WMO信息系统中承担区域间及全球资料交换的主干通信中心之一,至2012年1月,北京GISC系统制作并提供系统内全部数据对应的气象元数据,共计约12万条。     

分布式气象元数据同步系统的探索研究

WMO对未来信息系统提出了包括提供在线元数据、数据目录服务和提高元数据定义、收集、归档和交换的标准化水平在内的总体需求,正在建设的"新一代天气雷达信息共享平台"也对解决气象元数据在气象宽带网环境下的全网同步问题提出了现实要求。该文首先从现有气象元数据标准着手阐述同步系统所承载主体——气象元数据在数据发现、数据应用及服务、数据展示和信息冗余度方面的不足,提出相应的改进措施,并对同步系统的数据一致性模型以及OAI-PMH元数据同步协议等同步机制进行研究,分析FIFO、单调读和单调写等几种典型一致性模型的特点和适用范围以及OAI-PMH协议的可行性,给出同步系统的总体设计思路,针对由总体设计思路形成的原型系统进行试验。分析试验结果数据表明:气象元数据全网同步系统原型基本满足符合WMO核心元数据标准的气象元数据在广域网分布环境下的多节点同步交换需求。     

地面气象台站元数据质量控制分析

气象台站元数据包含了可能影响气候资料序列均一性的重要信息,是分析、检验、订正气候资料序列的科学参考依据,只有经过质量控制与处理的气象台站元数据才能真实的反应其对气候资料序列非均一性的影响程度。针对气象台站元数据可能存在的疑误信息,设计了一套适用于地面气象台站元数据的质量控制技术,采用格式检查、内部一致性检查、时间连续性检查等方法进行质量控制。利用该质量控制方法对全国31个省(区、市)的1428个国家站1951—2011年的台站历史沿革数据文件进行质量控制,结果表明:该质量控制方法能够有效地将疑误信息进行标识,可为气象台站元数据的应用提供可靠的质量保障。该质量控制方法已应用于气象资料业务系统(MDOS)中,并在全国省级气象资料部门业务运行。     

利用土壤水文常数开展土壤墒情定量服务

土壤水分是植物耗水的直接与主要来源.土壤水分含量的变化对土壤中养分的分解和转移、土壤微生物的活动、土壤生产力以及植物的生理活动有很大影响.     

威宁水汽含量分析

根据威宁探空站的高空资料进行分析和计算,分析威宁大气中水汽含量的变化,探讨水汽对威宁的气候和生态环境的影响和作用.     

Particulate content of savanna fire emissions

As part of the FOS-DECAFE experiment at Lamto (Ivory Coast) in January 1991, various aerosol samples were collected at ground level near prescribed fires or under local background conditions, to characterize the emissions of particulate matter from the burning of savanna vegetation. This paper deals with total aerosol (TPM) and carbon measurements. Detailed trace element and polycyclic hydrocarbon data are discussed in other papers presented in this issue.Near the fire plumes, the aerosols from biomass burning are primarily of a carbonaceous nature (C%70% of the aerosol mass) and consist predominantly of submicron particles (more than 90% in mass.) They are characterized by their organic nature (black to total carbon ratio Cb/Ct in the range 3–20%) and their high potassium content (K/Cb0.6). These aerosols undergo aging during their first minutes in the atmosphere causing slight alterations in their size distribution and chemical composition. However, they remain enriched in potassium (K/Cb=0.21) and pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, such that both of these species may be used as tracers of savanna burning aerosols. We show that during this period of the year, the background atmosphere experiences severe pollution from both terrigenous sources and regional biomass burning (44% of the aerosol). Daynight variations of the background carbon concentrations suggest that fire ignition and spreading occur primarily during the day. Simultaneous TPM and CO₂ real-time measurements point to a temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the burning so that the ratio of the above background concentrations (TPM/CO₂) varies from 2 to 400 g/kg C. Smoldering processes are intense sources of particles but particulate emissions may also be important during the rapidly spreading heading fires in connection with the generation of heavy brown smoke. We propose emission factor values (EF) for aerosols from the savanna biomass burning aerosols: EF (TPM)=11.4±4.6 and 69±25 g/kg C_{dry plant} and EF(Ct)=7.4±3.4 and 56±16 g C/kg C_{dry plant} for flaming and smoldering processes respectively. In these estimates, the range of uncertainty is mostly due to the intra-fire variability. These values are significantly lower than those reported in the literature for the combustion of other types of vegetation. But due to the large amounts of vegetation biomass being burnt in African savannas, the annual flux of particulate carbon into the atmosphere is estimated to be of the order of 8 Tg C, which rivals particulate carbon emissions from anthropogenic activities in temperate regions.     

Ozone content over the Russian federation in 2011

The review is compiled on the basis of the results of the operation of the total ozone (TO) monitoring in the CIS and Baltic countries functioning in the operational regime at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses the data from the national network with M-124 filter ozonometers under methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of the functioning of the entire system is under operational control based on the observations obtained from the OMI satellite equipment (NASA, the United States). The basic TO observation data are generalized for each month of the fourth quarter of 2011, for the quarter, and for the year as a whole. The features of the development of the spring Arctic and Antarctic ozone anomalies in 2011 are described. The results of regular observations of surface ozone content in the Moscow region are also generalized.     

ppb-PIXE analysis of the trace-element content in precipitation

PIXE is a well established and valuable method for quantitative and qualitative aerosol elemental analysis. Using this method, we have developed a technique to simultaneously analyse the trace-element content in precipitation for elements with Z> 12. Freeze-drying and leaching was used as a nonselective preconcentration technique. A special backing foil to take up the sample liquid to be dried was developed for these experiments. By careful adjustment of the experimental parameters, we reached a detection limit lower than 1 ppb for most detected elements. Thus, it will be possible to analyze precipitation at low concentrations of trace elements which are important for air chemistry and environmental studies.Supported by DFG/Bonn under Sonderforschungsbereich 233.     

Ozone content over the Russian Federation in 2016

The review is based on the results of the operation of the total ozone (TO) monitoring system in the CIS and Baltic countries. The system is functioning in the operational regime at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO) under methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory and uses the data from the national network equipped with M-124 filter ozonometers. The quality of the entire system functioning is under operational control based on the observations obtained from the OMI satellite equipment (NASA, the United States). The basic TO observation data are generalized for each month of the fourth quarter of 2016, for the fourth quarter as a whole, and for the whole year. The results of regular observations of surface ozone content carried out in the Moscow region and Crimea are also considered.     

Characterisation of the carbonate content of atmospheric aerosols

A programme of aerosol sampling by dichotomous sampler has been undertaken with analysis of soluble ions plus carbonate. The technique for carbonate involved release of CO₂ by HCl vapour and quantitative measurement of the CO₂ by FTIR spectroscopy. The method is suitable for amounts down to below 10g CO₃ ^2- per filter. The prevailing atmospheric levels in an urban area were found to be below 1g m^-3. Information on the particle size from the dichotomous sampler was supplemented by use of a cascade impactor. Although CaCO₃ is clearly the dominant species initial analyses demonstrated higher carbonate levels than could be accounted for on the basis of the concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions which are the most likely cations in mineral carbonates. Analysis with and without heating to 100°C in a vacuum oven demonstrates the presence of carbonate in volatile form. This could be due to carbon dioxide adsorbed onto particulate matter such as soot.     

Ozone content over the Russian Federation in 2013

The review is compiled on the basis of the results of the operation of the total ozone (TO) monitoring in the CIS and Baltic countries functioning in the operational regime at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses the data from the national network of M-124 filter ozonometers under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of the functioning of the entire system is under operational control based on the observations obtained from the OMI satellite equipment (NASA, the United States). The basic TO observation data are generalized for each month of the fourth quarter of 2013, for the quarter as a whole, and for the whole year. Some results of regular observations of surface ozone content carried out in Moscow region and Crimea are also considered.     

Ozone content over the Russian federation in 2009

The review is compiled based on the results of the operation of the total ozone (TO) monitoring system in the CIS and Baltic countries, functioning in the operational regime at the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO). The monitoring system uses the data from the national network of filter ozonometers, M-124 type under supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory (MGO). The proper operation of the entire system is under an operational control from observations with the OMI satellite equipment (US NASA). Basic TO observation data for each month of the fourth quarter of 2009 and for the quarter and the year as a whole are generalized. The data on the development of the Spring Antarctic Ozone Anomaly are presented. The results of regular observations of the surface ozone in the Moscow region and in Kiev are considered.