高空急流在北京“7.21”暴雨中的动力作用

利用常规观测、加密自动气象站降水资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,使用天气动力学诊断方法,重点研究了高空急流对北京2012年7月21日（“7.21”）暴雨中降水突然增强时刻14时（北京时）和降水最强时刻19时的动力作用。结果表明,“7.21”暴雨的发生和西来的高空急流东移至北京上空有关,高空急流及其散度场和与高空急流相伴随的次级环流对“7.21”暴雨的发生起重要的动力作用。7月21日14时,高空急流轴的经向度开始增大,高空急流入口区右侧的散度场南北范围明显扩大,北京上空为深厚的对流运动,受来自低层的东南气流带来的暖湿空气的影响,北京地区降水量突然增大;20时,对流层高空急流轴的经向度进一步增大,此时由于北上西北低涡导致的低层辐合,使得北京上空对流层高层出现强辐散区,北京上空出现强烈的上升运动,加之来自东南的暖湿气流的影响,使得北京地区降水量在19时达到最大值。“7.21”暴雨中降水突然增强时刻和降水最大时刻,上升支均出现在高空急流入口区右侧,但是,次级环流的下沉支均发生在北京的东南部,这是影响“7.21”暴雨次级环流的一个重要特征。     

The Impacts of Moisture Transport of East Asian Monsoon on Summer Precipitation in Northeast China

By using the ECMWF reanalysis daily data and daily precipitation data of 80 stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2002, the impacts of moisture transport of East Asian summer monsoon on the summer precipitation anomaly in Northeast China, and the relationship between the variation of moisture budget and the establishment of East Asian summer monsoon in this region are studied. The results demonstrate that the moisture of summer precipitation in Northeast China mainly originates from subtropical, South China Sea, and South Asia monsoon areas. East China and its near coastal area are the convergent region of the monsoonal moisture currents and the transfer station for the currents continually moving northward. The monsoonal moisture transport, as an important link or bridge, connects the interaction between middle and low latitude systems. In summer half year, there is a moisture sink in Northeast China where the moisture influx is greater than outflux. The advance transport and accumulation of moisture are of special importance to pentad time scale summer precipitation. The onset, retreat, and intensity change of the monsoonal rainy season over Northeast China are mainly signified by the moisture input condition along the southern border of this area. The establishment of East Asian summer monsoon in this area ranges from about 10 July to 20 August and the onset in the west is earlier than that in the east. The latitude that the monsoon can reach is gradually northward from west to east, reaching 50°N within longitude 120°-135°E. In summer, the difference of air mass transport between summers with high and low rainfall mainly lies in whether more air masses originating from lower latitudes move northward through East China and its coastal areas, consequently transporting large amounts of hot and humid air into Northeast China.     

1998年松嫩流域东北冷涡大暴雨过程的诊断分析

利用1998年6～8月松嫩流域95个测站的逐日降水和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料，通过诊断分析方法，对1998年松嫩流域东北冷涡大暴雨的形成过程及其大气环流背景，暴雨过程的降水性质与水汽输送特征，大气低频振荡与持续性降水的关系，以及东北冷涡暴雨随季节变化的特征等问题进行了探讨。结果表明，1998年松嫩流域较长的冷涡雨季中所发生的多次东北冷涡暴雨过程是很有代表性的，它们是大气环流由春末夏初到盛夏过渡不同进程中的产物，因而具有不同的环流背景和降水性质，且在洪涝灾害的形成中起着不同的作用，特别是亚洲季风水汽输送以及东亚大气30～50d和10～20d低频振荡对降水的持续性和阶段性变化均有至关重要的影响。     

The Record-breaking Mei-yu in 2020 and Associated Atmospheric Circulation and Tropical SST Anomalies※

The record-breaking mei-yu in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) in 2020 was characterized by an early onset, a delayed retreat, a long duration, a wide meridional rainbelt, abundant precipitation, and frequent heavy rainstorm processes. It is noted that the East Asian monsoon circulation system presented a significant quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during the mei-yu season of 2020 that was associated with the onset and retreat of mei-yu, a northward shift and stagnation of the rainbelt, and the occurrence and persistence of heavy rainstorm processes. Correspondingly, during the mei-yu season, the monsoon circulation subsystems, including the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the upper-level East Asian westerly jet, and the low-level southwesterly jet, experienced periodic oscillations linked with the QBWO. Most notably, the repeated establishment of a large southerly center, with relatively stable latitude, led to moisture convergence and ascent which was observed to develop repeatedly. This was accompanied by a long-term duration of the mei-yu rainfall in the YHRV and frequent occurrences of rainstorm processes. Moreover, two blocking highs were present in the middle to high latitudes over Eurasia, and a trough along the East Asian coast was also active, which allowed cold air intrusions to move southward through the northwestern and/or northeastern paths. The cold air frequently merged with the warm and moist air from the low latitudes resulting in low-level convergence over the YHRV. The persistent warming in the tropical Indian Ocean is found to be an important external contributor to an EAP/PJ-like teleconnection pattern over East Asia along with an intensified and southerly displaced WPSH, which was observed to be favorable for excessive rainfall over YHRV.     

青藏高原隆升对春、夏季亚洲大气环流的影响

利用全球大气环流谱模式R42L9,进行了有、无青藏高原大地形两种情况的10年积分,通过两个试验结果的比较,研究了青藏高原大地形对春、夏亚洲大气环流的影响。模拟结果表明：春季,青藏高原大地形对低层西风的阻挡引起了绕流,其北支气流加强了北方冷空气在高原东侧的南下;同时,作为一个弱热源,它的热力作用加强了高原南侧的南支西风气流,为华南地区输送了大量的暖湿空气。冷暖空气的交汇,加强了华南地区春季的降水。夏季,青藏高原强热源的存在,引起的低层气旋性环流,加强了青藏高原东侧的东亚夏季风,使其向北发展。盛夏,青藏高原“感热气泵（SHAP）”在南亚地区上空低层造成了负涡度和辐散异常,使南亚地区的夏季降水减少,南亚夏季风减弱;在对流层上层高原上宅形成负涡源,并通过遥相关加强了伊朗高压。     

Moisture Transport in the Asian Summer Monsoon Region and Its Relationship with Summer Precipitation in China

The characteristics of moisture transport over the Asian summer monsoon region and its relationship with summer precipitation in China are examined by a variety of statistical methods using the NCEP/NC AR reanalysis data for 1948-2005.The results show that:1) The zonal-mean moisture transport in the Asian monsoon region is unique because of monsoon activities.The Asian summer monsoon region is a dominant moisture sink during summer.Both the Indian and East Asian monsoon areas have their convergence cente...     

A Study on Water Vapor Transport and Budget of Heavy Rain in Northeast China

The characteristics of moisture transport and budget of widespread heavy rain and local heavy rain events in Northeast China are studied using the NCEP--NCAR reanalysis 6-hourly and daily data and daily precipitation data of 200 stations in Northeast China from 1961--2005. The results demonstrate that during periods with widespread heavy rain in Northeast China, the Asian monsoon is very active and the monsoonal northward moisture transport is strengthened significantly. The widespread heavy rainfall obtains enhanced water vapor supply from large regions where the water vapor mainly originates from the Asian monsoon areas, which include the East Asian subtropical monsoon area, the South China Sea, and the southeast and southwest tropical monsoon regions. There are several branches of monsoonal moisture current converging on East China and its coastal areas, where they are strengthened and then continue northward into Northeast China. Thus, the enhanced northward monsoonal moisture transport is the key to the widespread heavy rain in Northeast China. In contrast, local heavy rainfall in Northeast China derives water vapor from limited areas, transported by the westerlies. Local evaporation also plays an important role in the water vapor supply and local recycling process of moisture. In short, the widespread heavy rains of Northeast China are mainly caused by water vapor advection brought by the Asian monsoon, whereas local heavy rainfall is mainly caused by the convergence of the westerly wind field.     

2017年“海棠”台风影响辽宁不同区域极端暴雨成因分析

利用常规观测、NCEP FNL、葵花8号卫星、GNSS反演大气可降水量、智能网格实况产品等资料,分析2017年“海棠”台风造成辽宁西部朝阳地区和东南部岫岩县的极端暴雨成因。结果表明：辽宁西部和东南半岛均出现区域性的极端特大暴雨,岫岩县小时雨强更大,最大雨强达到113 mm·h^-1,对流性降水特征明显。两个区域暴雨过程均受到热带、副热带、西风带系统共同作用,狭长型“海棠”台风沿着副热带高压西侧逐渐北上,并且与西风带短波槽相互作用,导致辽宁西部出现强降水,随后加强的涡旋系统后侧干冷空气与低空暖湿水汽输送带相互作用,导致岫岩县出现极端暴雨过程。热带台风“奥鹿”对副热带高压南落东退起到阻挡作用。两个区域均具有来自于南海的水汽通道,另外东南半岛也受到了“奥鹿”台风北侧水汽输送的影响。朝阳市和岫岩县大气可降水量值长时间接近65 mm和70 mm,异常指数最高达到3.0和2.5,表明此次暴雨水汽条件的极端性。辽宁西部降水期间动力不稳定更强,辐合层由地面伸展到500 hPa,而东南半岛降水期间上干下湿的水汽分布以及更强的冷暖空气交汇,有利于产生对流性降水。两个区域均受到多个中尺度云团的共同影响,朝阳地区初期降水由中γ尺度辐合线触发,后期台风在北上过程中与高空槽后部的干冷空气相互作用,形成的暖锋云系以及冷锋云系导致朝阳地区出现持续性强降水;加强的涡旋后部干空气侵入到暖湿水汽输送带中,配合岫岩县山区地面辐合线稳定不动,不断有积云触发并且直接影响岫岩县,导致岫岩县产生极端对流性暴雨。     

惠东高潭三次极端强降水过程成因对比分析

基于ECMWF的ERA-Interim全球大气再分析资料、MICAPS实况数据和广东省气象观测资料,对比分析了广东惠东高潭1979年、2013年和2018年的三次极端强降水过程的成因。结果表明:造成高潭极端强降水的影响系统有台风本体环流、登陆后的台风残余环流、季风低压外围环流等,其中2018年季风低压影响过程降水量最大;不同过程对流层低层强迫暖湿气流辐合抬升方式不同,分别为冷暖气流相互作用、西南季风和偏南季风地交汇、季风涌、边界层急流等;各过程中伴随的低空西南气流和偏南气流的风速大小差异明显,2013年台风残余环流影响时低空西南(偏南)风风速最大。相同点有:影响天气系统移动缓慢,并长时间维持,为极端强降水的发生发展和维持提供有利的动力条件;西南(偏南)季风、边界层急流或西南气流源源不断的水汽输送,为极端强降水的发展和维持提供了充足的水汽条件,同时低空暖湿气流的输送使得暴雨区大气层结不稳定状态长时间维持,利于持续性强降水的发展。研究结论可为今后高潭及其附近地区极端强降水的预报和决策服务提供理论支撑。      

秋行夏令:2021年10月初北方致灾性持续暴雨及水汽极端性分析

2021年10月3—6日,我国北方地区经历了历史罕见的持续性极端强降水过程,暴雨中心稳定维持在陕西中部、山西、京津冀、辽宁等地南部和山东北部,给上述地区造成了巨大的经济损失和严重的人员伤亡。基于台站观测降水、NCEP/NCAR和ERA5再分析资料诊断了本次降水过程的极端性。结果表明,本次暴雨过程无论是降水强度、持续时长还是经向水汽输送均表现出典型北方夏季暴雨和大气环流配置特征。上述五省二市区域平均的过程累计雨量强度远远超过秋季其他暴雨个例,即使在夏季也位列第二。本次过程的极端性与强降水中心稳定在上述地区密切相关。上述五省二市区域平均降水连续4日均超过15 mm,这在秋季历史上从未出现过。除过程的极端性强外,9月山西等地降水异常偏多对10月初秋涝也起到了叠加作用。本次秋涝对应的大气环流呈现出典型的北方夏季主雨季环流型,表现为西太平洋副热带高压（副高）偏西偏北,副高西侧的经向水汽输送异常强盛,同时10月4—6日北方地区发生一次强冷空气过程,冷暖气流交汇在上述地区。水汽收支计算表明,本次过程的经向水汽输送强度为秋季历史之最,甚至超过了盛夏时期北方大部分暴雨过程水汽输送强度。上述分析结果表明,即使在仲秋时节亦可产生有利于北方极端持续暴雨的环流形势和水汽输送,并导致秋涝发生。     

浙江一次江淮气旋后部强对流暴雨过程诊断研究

利用地面降水观测、NCEP/NCAR FNL再分析、ECMWF模式预报场和FY-2H静止卫星TBB资料, 对2020年6月30日浙江省一次暴雨过程进行了综合分析。结果表明: (1) 200 hPa南亚高压强高空辐散、中纬度低槽东移、副热带高压带状稳定的阻塞形势、江淮气旋后部下摆冷空气与暖湿气流交汇形成的冷式切变等共同提供了有利的环境条件; (2)对流层中低层水汽通量向高空伸展、700 hPa正的垂直螺旋度中心都对暴雨落区有示踪作用, 高层正水汽通量散度强于低层负水汽通量散度, 垂直螺旋度和垂直速度中心几乎重合, 先低层强辐合后强垂直上升运动均为本次暴雨的发生提供了重要的水汽和动力条件; (3)暴雨发生在MPV、MPV1和MPV2为正负过渡的零值区, 为对流不稳定和斜压不稳定相结合区域, θ_se线密集区与地面近乎垂直, 湿位涡的高值中心位于θ_se梯度最大处, 高空湿位涡下传触发了位势不稳定能量的释放, 引起大范围的强对流暴雨; (4) 850 hPa冷切变线附近的降水云团, 是由多个块状对流云团合并加强形成完整的带状积雨云团, 而上游不断有新生对流云团生成东移补充消散的老单体, 触发阶段对流云后向传播, 扰动发展阶段对流云团合并过程, 形成对流云串的“列车效应”。      

2011年初夏我国长江中下游降水的气候特征及成因

文章主要分析了2011年初夏长江中下游降水的气候特征及其成因。结果表明：2011年5月长江中下游降水异常偏少,6月转为异常偏多,出现了明显的旱涝转换。长江中下游地区的旱涝转换主要受南海季风、东亚季风强度以及西太平洋副热带高压（副高）的异常快速北跳的影响。研究还发现,6月亚洲中高纬长期维持两槽一脊的环流形势,东北冷涡活动频繁,多次引导冷空气南下。同时,副高异常偏北、偏西,并出现多次西伸过程。由于冷涡的加强南压与西伸的副高相互作用,促使长江以南地区西南气流明显增强,使得冷暖空气在长江中下游地区交汇,最终导致该地降水偏多。     

风暴-低涡影响下青藏高原一次强降水过程北大核心CSCD

利用联合台风预警中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center,JTWC)最佳路径资料、逐小时降水资料和ERA5再分析资料,研究2017年5月26—31日孟加拉湾风暴与高原低涡共同影响下青藏高原一次强降水过程,结果表明:风暴和南支槽共同作用下建立的孟加拉湾至青藏高原的水汽输送带为高原低涡-切变线区域的降水提供水汽。南支槽后冷气流在青藏高原南部陡坡下沉形成冷垫,孟加拉湾偏南暖湿气流首先沿冷垫向北抬升,爬上青藏高原后向北在高原切变线附近再次抬升,增加降水区地表至对流层高层大气中的可降水量。风暴偏南风暖湿气流与青藏高原北部干冷空气交汇产生锋生,大气湿斜压性显著增长,湿等熵线密集陡立导致垂直涡度剧烈发展,有利于高原低涡加强。风暴北上过程中其高层反气旋式出流加强青藏高原槽前西南风高空急流,辐散增强有利于低层切变线发展和高原低涡东移,产生大范围强降水。高原低涡切变线与风暴水汽输送的正反馈作用,为降水区提供持续视热源和视水汽汇,有利于青藏高原降水系统的维持和发展。     

两次副热带高压北侧暖锋暴雨动力热力诊断

使用常规观测资料、自动气象站降水量以及NCEP FNL再分析资料,对黑龙江省两次副热带高压(简称副高)北侧暖锋暴雨过程(简称"0801"和"0803"过程)进行动力热力机制诊断分析。结果表明,两次暖锋暴雨过程,均有台风活动,造成副高西伸北抬,副高外围的西南低空急流向北输送大量高动量的暖湿空气。两次暴雨过程与高低空急流关系密切,"0803"过程中高低空急流均更强,暴雨区位于高低空急流耦合形成的垂直次级环流的上升支。"0801"过程,暴雨发生前大气对流不稳定,辐合抬升及次级环流上升气流的共同作用触发对流,促使不稳定能量释放,形成强降水。"0803"过程,暴雨期间大气对流稳定,锋区中层的CSI有利于降水强度的增强及维持,锋面强度更大,由锋面辐合抬升形成的上升运动范围更广,造成更大范围的强降水天气。在暴雨区上空由于凝结潜热释放而引起广义位温高值区向下伸展,强暖平流促使中低层湿斜压性显著增大,利于暖锋锋生。水汽散度通量和水汽垂直螺旋度能够较好地描述强降水过程,强降水区与水汽散度通量正值区及水汽垂直螺旋度负值区相对应。     

台风“温比亚”（1818）造成山东极端强降水的成因分析

利用气象卫星、多普勒天气雷达、区域自动气象观测站及常规气象观测资料,结合NCEP/NCAR逐日6 h再分析资料（0.25°×0.25°）,对2018年18号台风“温比亚”及其残骸长时间影响山东引发特大暴雨的成因进行分析发现：1）此次极端降水可分为三个阶段,分别受台风外围螺旋云系、倒槽和变性后温带气旋冷锋影响,其中弱冷空气与台风倒槽相互作用对强降水的产生和维持起到了重要作用。2）“温比亚”缓慢北上过程中,强降水落区从台风东侧逆时针转至其北部倒槽附近,并逐渐远离台风中心,台风强度逐渐减弱。3）冷空气在对流层中层与台风倒槽相互作用,中层冷暖平流增强形成锋区,斜压不稳定能量增强,暖湿空气在锋区附近上升,并与低层倒槽辐合上升运动相配合,引发了倒槽附近特大暴雨的发生。4）此次过程中,低空急流稳定维持,源源不断地将水汽自东海输送至台风倒槽附近,水汽输送集中在800 hPa以下,850 hPa水汽通量辐合强度大于8×10-6 g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1区域与暴雨落区的形态和位置对应良好。5）对流层中层的弱冷空气和低层的强暖湿气流促进了对流不稳定层结的发展和维持,低层强风速带在鲁中山区迎风坡强迫抬升不断触发中尺度对流系统,在中高层气流引导和地形作用下产生“列车效应”,也是此次过程中局地特大暴雨产生的重要因素。     

亚洲季风建立及其中期振荡的高空环流特征

本文主要通过对100毫巴散度场、高度场和垂直积分的水汽输送场的分析,着重讨论了1979年整个亚洲季风区季风建立及其振荡中的高空环流特征。发现南亚高压周围不同部位的高空辐散场的建立导致了这些地区夏季风的建立,且南亚高压脊线中部和东部散度场具有不同的分布特点。从而使得印度季风有与长江流域梅雨同时开始而与华南雨季降水反位相的特点.在东亚,南亚高压外围东风对于夏季风的向北推进具有很好的指示性。在印度,伊朗高压(南亚高压环流的一部分)外围的东北气流对于印度季风的爆发具有指示性。100毫巴若干地区高度场和亚洲季风区域大范围水汽输送场的40—50天振荡清楚地显示出向东向北移动,而20—30天的散度场的振荡在印度季风爆发后则有系统地向西移动.      

大连两次台风暴雨过程对比分析

利用常规气象资料、加密气象自动观测站资料及NCEP再分析资料对2017年8月3日和2012年8月3日发生在大连地区的“海棠”(1710)和“达维”(1210)两次台风暴雨过程进行对比诊断分析。通过对台风路径、环流形势、双台风相互作用等方面进行对比分析。结果表明:这两次台风暴雨过程的降水系统为典型的双台风降水模型,在两个台风的北部都有不同强度的冷空卷入,触发对流不稳定,有利于中尺度暴雨云团的发展。低层850hPa上均有不同程度的切变辐合,高空有急流的建立;两次过程主要降水时段内强降水中心从低层到高层均出现了强烈的上升运动,暴雨中心上空维持着高层辐散、低层辐合。日本海南部存在台风迫使副热带高压转为径向型或形成阻塞高压,双台风或三台风与副热带高压之间形成的低空急流为暴雨的生成和维持提供了有利的动力条件和水汽条件。台风“海棠”残余环流与高空槽相结合,高空槽带来的冷空气更加强烈,锋生效果更加明显,这种情况更有利于强对流的发生发展。台风“苏拉”与影响大连的台风“达维”相互作用导致强降水阶段暖湿气流更加旺盛,降水持续时间更长,范围更广。     

ADVANCE AND RETREAT OF THE SUMMER MONSOON IN CHINA

By using the daily-14 year(1983—1996)NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data,wecarefully study in each pentad the advance and retreat of the summer monsoon in China and givento it a new definition.This definition considered the intensity of southwesterly winds at 850 hPatogether with its degree in temperature and moisture.The result revealed that:(1)The advance of the summer monsoon in China shows three abrupt northward shifts andfour relatively stationary stays.The four stable stages correspond to the peak of the pro-summerrainy period in South China,the“Meiyu”season in the Changjiang(Yangtze)-Huaihe RiverValleys.the rainy season in the downstream of the Huanghe(Yellow)Riyer Valleys and the rainyseason in northern China.The retreat of the summer monsoon is so fast that it totally retreatsfrom the mainland at about the mid-August.(2)The northward advance of summer monsoon in China is basically controlled by theseasonal variation latitudinally of the upper level planetary westerlies.It is in roughly accord withthe temporal variation in the position of 15 m s~(-1) isotaeh at 200 hPa.The fast retreat of thesummer monsoon is mainly due to the blocking effect of the Tibetan Plateau.(3)The advance of 500 hPa subtropical high of the western Pacific is also in aecordanee withthe advance of the summer monsoon in China.During the advancement of the summer monsoon,the eastward movement of the subtropical high shows great meaning that it creates the essentialcondition for the convergence of southward intrusion cold airs with the warm and humidsouthwesterly winds,which result in precipitation.There are three manifest eastward movementsof the subtropical high during its northward advancement.They coincide correspondingly to thebeginning of the peak of the pre-summer rainy period in South China,the“Meiyu”season in theChangjiang(Yangtze)-Huaihe River Valleys and finally the rainy season in northern China.Thewestern part of the subtropical high moves eastward to the region of Japan in late July and thebeginning of August.It then stays there for quite a long time which results in the straightmovement of cold airs intruding from the north to the east of Tibetan Plateau,i.e.the easternregion of China.This provides good condition for the fast southward retreat of the summermonsoon.(4)The intensifieation and development of the Tibetan high at 200 hPa are closely related to the eastward movement of the subtropical high,they often occur simultaneously.     

持续性冷涡暖锋暴雨成因及特征分析

利用常规观测资料、自动气象站降水量以及NCEP FNL再分析资料,对2019年8月6—8日一次持续性东北冷涡暴雨过程成因及特征进行诊断分析。结果表明:暖锋稳定维持在同一区域且不断锋生造成持续性暴雨。强降水出现在850 hPa锋区南侧,呈东西带状分布,暴雨与最大锋生区相对应。大气中层为弱对流不稳定,有利于强降水的维持。高层正位涡大值区向下层扩展,促使中低层涡度增加,在暖锋前形成正涡柱结构,在地面锋区上诱发出气旋性环流,有低压新生。锋区低层的强辐合区位于迎风坡,锋面辐合抬升和地形强迫抬升的共同作用,使低层强辐合区持续3 d维持在同一区域。冷涡东移减弱阶段,台风携带大量暖湿空气北上促使锋区北抬,强降水维持。冷涡新生和维持阶段,T_(850-500)≥25℃,K≥35℃,且有一定的对流有效位能,对暴雨的出现有较好的指示意义。暴雨区东边界的水汽输入最为关键,占到整个水汽输入总量的一半,尽管南边界的总水汽输入量不大,但集中出现在第一个暴雨日,是6日暴雨过程主要水汽贡献者。     

A Study of the Teleconnections in the Asian-Pacific Monsoon Region

The interactions among the Asian-Pacific monsoon subsystems have significant impacts on the climatic regimes in the monsoon region and even the whole world. Based on the domestic and foreign related research, an analysis is made of four different teleconnection modes found in the Asian-Pacific monsoon region, which reveal clearly the interactions among the Indian summer monsoon （ISM）, the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）, and the western North Pacific summer monsoon （WNPSM）. The results show that： （1） In the period of the Asian monsoon onset, the date of ISM onset is two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Basin, and a teleconnection mode is set up from the southwestern India via the Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Yangtze River Basin and southern Japan, i.e., the ＂southern＂ teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon. （2） In the Asian monsoon culmination period, the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is influenced significantly by the WNPSM through their teleconnection relationship, and is negatively related to the WNPSM rainfall, that is, when the WNPSM is weaker than normal, the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is more than normal. （3） In contrast to the rainfall over the Yangtze River Basin, the precipitation of northern China （from the 4th pentad of July to the 3rd pentad of August） is positively related to the WNPSM. When the WNPSM is stronger than normal, the position of the western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） becomes farther northeast than normal, the anomalous northeastward water vapor transport along the southwestern flank of WPSH is converged over northern China, providing adequate moisture for more rainfalls than normal there. （4） The summer rainfall in northern China has also a positive correlation with the ISM. During the peak period of ISM, a teleconnection pattern is formed from Northwest India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern China, i.e., the ＂northern＂ teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon. The