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Ⅰ、绪言一、节候与历法之关系初民浑浑噩噩,日出而作,日入而息,其时间观念,但有昼夜而已,厥後社会进化,由渔猎而畜牧,而耕稼,於是计时观念,亦复由画夜而知有年月,年月与日,即所谓历也。世於年月观念发达之顺序,意见颇有歧异,或谓当先有‘年’後有月,以年之单位过长,始依月球之盈昃而定‘月’。或谓月绕地球之周期短,地球绕日之周期长,且地距日远而月近,长短远近既殊,推测之难易亦异,故当先有月,而後有年。按之实际,则年与月之确定为计 相似文献
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民国十五年,余在科学上,曾发表一文,题为海流浅说,当于篇末中说青岛观象台购置海洋测候用器缘起,徵求专家之指导。此项用器,因欧州厂家,无制成者,当经绘图定制,制造转运,需经至多时日,至十七年六月,始由 相似文献
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第四次太平洋学术会议,於今年之五月十六日,至二十五日,在荷属东印度爪哇开会;我国出席代表,计十三人,论文计有十六篇。在爪哇时,备受荷兰人欢迎,亦盛极一时事也。开会之盛况,想同行诸君,必有详述之者,故只略及其梗概如左。 相似文献
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1引言在自动站投入使用前绝大多数气象站使用的是EL型风向风速计,其瞬间风速是通过风速指示计人工测得的,人为因素大,精度不够,但人工测量给大风重要天气报、大风危险和解除报提供了依据,不会出现大风记录和报文之间的矛盾现象,而自动站的大风记录却不一样,其记录的大风的起止时间,极大风速及出现的时间是非常精确的,要求值班员实时注意查看自动站的大风记录,避免漏报、错报。由于自动站采集控制软件SAWSS在处理大风记录时存在不足,当大风达到不同的发报标准时不能及时报警,以提醒值班人员作出相应的处理,所以极易造成过时报,甚至漏报。 相似文献
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This study assesses the performance of temperature extremes over China in two regional climate models(RCMs),RegCM4 and WRF, driven by the ECMWF's 20 th century reanalysis. Based on the advice of the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices(ETCCDI), 12 extreme temperature indices(i.e., TXx, TXn, TNx, TNn, TX90 p, TN90 p,TX10 p, TN10 p WSDI, ID, FD, and CSDI) are derived from the simulations of two RCMs and compared with those from the daily station-based observational data for the period 1981–2010. Overall, the two RCMs demonstrate satisfactory capability in representing the spatiotemporal distribution of the extreme indices over most regions. RegCM performs better than WRF in reproducing the mean temperature extremes, especially over the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Moreover, both models capture well the decreasing trends in ID, FD, CSDI, TX10 p, and TN10 p, and the increasing trends in TXx, TXn, TNx, TNn, WSDI, TX90 p,and TN90 p, over China. Compared with observation, RegCM tends to underestimate the trends of temperature extremes,while WRF tends to overestimate them over the TP. For instance, the linear trends of TXx over the TP from observation,RegCM, and WRF are 0.53?C(10 yr)-1, 0.44?C(10 yr)-1, and 0.75?C(10 yr)-1, respectively. However, WRF performs better than RegCM in reproducing the interannual variability of the extreme-temperature indices. Our findings are helpful towards improving our understanding of the physical realism of RCMs in terms of different time scales, thus enabling us in future work to address the sources of model biases. 相似文献
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND ENSO AND ITS INFLUENCE ON RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINY SEASON IN FUJIAN 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
1INTRODUCTIONInsummarizingclimotologicalfactorsforprecipitationintherainingseasonsofChina,Lietal.presentedfiveanomaliesthatcouldaffecttheseasonalprecipitation,namely,SSTintheequatorialeasternPacific,thermalconditionsovertheQinghai-TibetanPlateau,Asianmonsoon,mid-latitudeblockinghighandWestPacificsubtropicalhigh.NotonlysubjecttothedirecteffectofmaritimethermalconditionsoftheWestPacific,thesubtropicalhighisalsoinfluencedbythegeneralcirculationandunderlyingsurfacefromtheotherfourfactors… 相似文献
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本月天气,全国晴朗,乾暖异常;惟十一至十二日寒潮之猛烈,则为常年九月所稀见。东亚境内,共发生风暴九个:其一,初现於蒙古而直趋东部西伯利亚。其二,渊源於黄海,而迳行日本中部。此外均发自东海而终没於大洋。故风暴之活动於中国境内者,凡五。此外有台风三,均未登 相似文献
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本篇原名Meteorology for Schools and Colleges,是Sir Napier Shaw应TheRoyal Meteorological Society会长的嘱托而作的。他以为观测,列表,制图,图解,预报等基本工作是一个中学生的能力所能及的,对观测结果的物理原因的探求,则非大学程度不行,所以在这中间划了一道高等气象学(Meteorology forColleges)和初等气象学(Meteorology for Schools)的界线。本篇的内容,注重在指示一个中学生或初等气象学者,须怎样地去修养,才能使他自己成为一个研究高等气象学的学者。依照我们的环境,也许这篇是值得我们读一下的吧。 相似文献
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乌兰察布市地处内陆,位于内蒙古自治区中部,110°21′-114°49′E之间,40°10′-43°28′N,海拔高度1065~2305m,东北接壤锡林郭勒盟,东依河北省张家口地区,南与山西省大同市交界.西与呼和浩特、包头毗连,北与蒙古人民共和国接壤,全市总面积54491.9km^2. 相似文献