一种城市地震动区划方法

文中从场地划分入手,提出了一种城市地震动参数区划方法新思路:即首先利用专业软件Surfer和ArcGis对区域内的钻孔资料进行处理,构建包含土层厚度、波速分布和建筑场地分类等信息的三维地下模型,并对地表进行场地分区和网格划分。然后在每一场地分区内,选取若干个典型钻孔,进行一维土层地震响应分析,计算结果代表该类场地的地震反应,再根据区域内所有离散点(网格点)的信息,即可获得整个计算区域的地表地震反应结果,进而得到整个区域的地震动参数区划,以及不同加速度峰值的等值线。这一方法可用于计算不同强度地震输入下,区域内地震动的分布,其结果可用于城市震害预测,特别是震后快速评估。     

山东省场地类别分布及地震动峰值加速度区划调整

首先,本文搜集了山东省5220个建设工程场地的资料,引入"分布区"的概念,统计分析了山东省场地类别的区域分布并进行了分区。然后,根据《中国地震动参数区划图（GB18306-2015）》中的山东省地震动峰值加速度区划以及Ⅲ类场地调整系数,对山东省Ⅲ类场地分布区的地震动峰值加速度区划进行了调整,得到了考虑场地类别分区的山东省地震动峰值加速度区划图,增进了对山东省地震灾害风险空间分布的认识。结果表明,山东省场地类别分布与地貌分区有很强的相关性,Ⅰ-Ⅱ类场地分布区包括鲁中南山地丘陵区（西南部的山间平原地带除外）以及鲁东丘陵区,Ⅲ类场地分布区包括鲁西北-鲁西南平原区和鲁中南山地丘陵区西南部山间平原地带。Ⅰ-Ⅱ类场地分布区约占全省陆地面积的59.5%,Ⅰ-Ⅱ类场地分布区与Ⅲ类场地分布区的面积比例约为1.47。地震动峰值加速度区划图经过调整后,Ⅶ度及以上设防区域占全省陆地面积的比例由79%提高到90%,10个地级市的峰值加速度有提高。     

唐山地区强震动记录的应用研究初探

本文给出了唐山地区强震动记录应用研究的两个实例,提出了建筑结构采用时程分析时选用强震动记录的原则和方法,通过对唐山地区强震动记录的分析处理,得到了其峰值加速度及加速度反应谱,确定了本地区进行弹性时程分析时选用的强震动记录;研究了局部场地条件对地震动影响的唐山响堂三维强震动观测台阵,以唐山响堂台阵2号测井(地下32m)的基岩强震动作为输入,通过2号测井的土层剖面,利用2个一维土层地震反应分析程序,分别计算得到地表的峰值加速度和加速度反应谱,并把计算结果与同次地震相应的地表强震动记录峰值加速度与加速度反应谱进行了对比分析。     

利用国家数字地震台网记录计算汶川地震余震峰值加速度分布图

数字地震台网可实时获取地震记录,因此可据此快速计算地震动参数,如峰值加速度、峰值速度的分布图,为震后救灾提供参考依据。本文对国家数字地震台网的地震记录,采用插值型求导公式中的两点公式计算加速度时程,并通过计算原始记录和仿真加速度时程的幅值谱,检验了结果的可靠性。最后对汶川大地震后的两个强余震进行了计算和分析,作出了峰值加速度分布图。     

海域不同类别场地地震动参数变化规律研究

基于海域场地分类标准，选取南海海域实测钻孔作为计算模型，同时人工构造部分钻孔计算模型，对126条不同特性地震动输入下5种类别场地计算模型开展土层反应分析计算，分析不同地震动输入下不同海域场地峰值加速度和特征周期变化规律。结果表明，场地类别和地震动输入强度显著影响峰值加速度放大系数和特征周期，场地土越软，地震动输入强度越大，峰值加速度放大系数越小，特征周期越大。根据研究结果给出不同地震动输入下不同海域场地峰值加速度放大系数、特征周期变化范围，为海域场地工程抗震设防和编制海域地震动参数区划图提供参考。     

土层结构对反应谱特征周期的影响

本文选取和构造了若干有工程意义的典型场地剖面,利用目前工程上广泛应用的场地地震反应分析的一维等效线性化波动方法,计算了在不同地震动输入下的不同场地剖面的地表加速度峰值和地表速度峰值。利用计算得到的地表加速度峰值和速度峰值计算了不同场地在不同地震动输入下的反应谱的特征周期。研究了不同土层结构对地表加速度反应谱特征周期的影响,获得了一些有意义的结果。     

北京地区不同超越概率水准下基岩峰值加速度分析

基于中国地震动参数区划图、华北平原地震带和汾渭地震带地震活动性参数、华北地区地震动参数衰减关系,计算北京地区50年、70年、100年不同超越概率水准下基岩峰值加速度.并分析不同年限各超越概率水准下的峰值加速度与该年限超越概率10％的峰值加速度比值,发现各计算格点的比值普遍偏小,按照当前抗震设防标准,所考虑的地震作用偏于保守且安全.     

深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演——以天津波为例

根据天津波地表加速度记录和相应实测场地钻孔资料,采用等效线性化方法模拟土体非线性,进行了深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演,研究了频率截断对深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演的影响,为天津波地表加速度记录提供了相应的基岩地震动输入。研究表明:不同截断频率情况下,反演得到的基岩地震动峰值和反应谱曲线形状均相差悬殊,但反演后再正演所得到的地面运动与原地表记录相比,加速度时程曲线形状和峰值大小、反应谱曲线形状和峰值大小均非常接近;可根据工程需要对地表加速度记录进行不同频率的截断,反演得到所需强度的基岩地震动。     

用Matlab软件内部函数校正强震记录的探讨

在标准化结构反应谱时,需要准确地确定地面地震动峰值。而在地震期间,测量地面运动时采集到的地震动加速度时程数据由于种种原因存在基线漂移问题,导致所测数据不能真实反映地面运动．由此难以确定真实地面运动峰值。通过对地震动加速度数据拟合,根据拟合后的数据计算地震速度及位移．并将计算结果分别与利用已有基线修正方法求得的速度及位移进行对比．从而确定最佳拟合次数,消除基线漂移造成影响。研究结果表明,经12次拟合修正地震动加速度求得的地震动位移峰值可用于相对位移反应谱标准化。     

一种深厚覆盖层场地地震动参数的确定方法

基于欧美规范确定了坐落在深厚覆盖层上KH抽水蓄能电站上、下库场地基本运行和最大设计地震动峰值加速度、反应谱和时程等动参数。首先依据场地区域地震烈度区划图、特征周期区划图和依据场地地质地震条件选取的5条种子实测地震动确定场地基岩输入加速度时程、峰值加速度和设计反应谱,进而基于各土层地质参数和一维弹性波传播模拟程序确定覆盖层表面的平均峰值加速度、平均反应谱和5条地震动时程,对所得到的平均反应谱和峰值加速度进行光滑处理后确定可用于各建筑物结构抗震设计的地震动参数,包括覆盖层表面水平向动力响应加速度时程、峰值加速度和设计反应谱。该方法可较好地保留输入地震动的真实动力特性,如持时、相位和频率等,为我国规范中建议的确定场地地震动参数的方法提供有益的补充。     

水库诱发地震的地震动特征

利用新丰江、美国奥洛维尔和蒙蒂赛洛水库地震极近场地面运动资料，研究了水库诱发地震的地震动峰值加速度衰减。结果表明，水库地震的峰值加速度高，衰减快。利用国内水库地震资料研究了水库地震烈度。水库地震烈度与同级天然地震烈度相比，一般是烈度高，衰减慢。水库地震的地震动反应谱频率高，地震动持续时间短     

GROUND MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GAOYOU-BAOYING M4.9 EARTHQUAKE

An M4.9 earthquake occurred at the junction of Gaoyou and Baoying on July 20, 2012. In this paper, 43 sets of strong motion records of the main shock are analyzed. With these data, we analyzed the characteristics of the peak ground motion value, attenuation relation, duration and acceleration response spectrum. We draw the peak acceleration contour map of the region near the epicenter. The contour line is smooth and the trend of long axis is northwest-southeast. Distribution of peak acceleration of the observed records is basically consistent with the real intensity distribution. Compared with the predicted result based on the seismic attenuation relation proposed by Yu Yanxiang and Wang Suyunon for eastern China and the Fifth-generation ground motion zonation map, the horizontal PGA and PGV of Gaoyou-Baoying earthquake are higher than the predicted results that are based on the model of Fifth-generation ground motion zonation map, while the PGV is similar with the predicted results which are based on Yu Yanxiang and Wang Suyun's model. We regressively analyzed the spatial-temporal change curves of the two types of relative ground motion durations. Compared with the predicted results proposed by Bommer et al. (2009) based on the NGA strong motion records, the durations of all the three components of this earthquake are higher. 10 typical recordings' acceleration response spectra with 5% damping are calculated, their peak periods are around 0.1~0.3s. The acceleration response spectrum of the station 32BYT, which has the largest amplitude, is considerably larger than the Chinese code design spectra, while it becomes notably smaller when the period is larger than 0.4s. Compared with the horizontal bedrock acceleration response spectrum predicted by the attenuation relationship for the eastern part of China, the observed response spectrum shape is similar with the predicted ones, while almost all the observed response spectrum values (except station 32YCT)are smaller than the predicted bedrock acceleration response spectrum. These phenomena suggest that this earthquake has a weak impact on the seismic fortification standards in this area. Using H/V single-station spectral ratio method, amplitude and site amplification effect of the two typical stations are calculated, and the results show the H/V values are obviously larger than that of ground microtremor. This suggests that the site of the station has obvious amplification effect on ground motion.     

the faulting characteristics of 2008 wenchuan ms8.0 earthquake and its relation with strong ground motion

The 2008 M_S8 Wenchuan earthquake occurs on a high angle listric thrust fault. It is the first time that the near and far field strong ground motion was observed for such special type thrust earthquake. This paper jointly interprets the distribution of peak acceleration of ground motion data with seismogenic structure and slip propagating process to investigate how high angle listric thrust fault controls the pattern of strong ground motion. We found that the distribution of peak acceleration of strong ground motion during the Wenchuan earthquake has four distinctive features: 1)The peak acceleration of ground motion inside the Longmenshan fault zone is large, that is, nearly twice as strong as that outside the fault zone; 2)This earthquake produces significant vertical ground motion, prevailing against horizontal components in the near field; 3)The far field records show that the peak acceleration is generally higher and attenuates slower versus station-fault distance in the hanging wall. It is doubtful that the attenuation of horizontal components also has the hanging wall effect since no evidence yet proving that the unexpected high value at long distance need be omitted; 4)As to the attenuation in directions parallel to the source fault(Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault), the far field records also exhibit azimuthal heterogeneity that the peak acceleration of horizontal components decreases slower in the north-northeastern direction in which the co-seismic slip propagates than that in the backward way. However, the attenuation of vertical component displays very weak heterogeneity of this kind. Synthetically considered with shallow dislocation, high dip angle, and prevailing vertical deformation during co-seismic process of the Wenchuan earthquake, our near and far field ground motion records reflect the truth that the magnitude of ground motion is principally determined by slip type of earthquake and actual distance between the slipping source patches and stations. As a further interpretation, the uniqueness of high angle listric thrust results in that the ground motion effects of the Wenchuan earthquake are similar to that due to a common thrust earthquake in some components while differ in the others.     

2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震强震动记录特征初步分析

2020年1月19日新疆伽师发生M S6.4地震,新疆强震动观测台网共获取44组强震动记录,西克尔强震台获得本次地震最大峰值加速度633.3×10-2 m·s-2。本文对获取到的强震动记录进行初步整理、分析,拟合得到本次地震地震动峰值加速度衰减关系,在300 km范围内与经验性衰减关系相差不大。计算分析了峰值加速度大于100×10-2 m·s-2的5个典型强震台站加速度反应谱,并与设计反应谱进行对比分析,同时计算了这5个台站地震动70%及90%能量持时,两者相差较大,反映出地震主要能量释放集中在相对较短的时间内。     

四川九寨沟MS7.0地震的地震动分布和衰减特征初步分析

2017年8月8日在四川阿坝州九寨沟县发生了M_S 7.0地震,这是继2008年四川汶川M_S 8.0地震和四川芦山M_S 7.0地震后在此地区发生的又一强震。本研究对此次地震中的66组主震记录进行了常规校正处理,基于此分析了此次地震中典型台站——九寨百合台站的地震动特征,并通过地震动的峰值加速度、反应谱参数分析了近场效应特征。研究结果表明:九寨百合台站的三分量峰值加速度都超过了100 gal,而地震动持时相对较短,并且三分量反应谱在短周期大于Ⅷ度多遇地震设计谱,小于Ⅷ度罕遇地震设计谱;由于九寨沟地震属于典型的走滑型地震,因此地震动参数的方向性特征不明显;九寨沟地震的地震动的峰值加速度以及反应谱谱值小于同等震级的芦山地震,并且小于几个典型衰减关系的预测值。对九寨沟地震的地震动参数特征研究表明,此次地震是一次震级较大、但灾害损毁程度较低的地震。     

Stochastic ground motion simulation of the 12 October 1992 Dahshour earthquake

The stochastic method for finite faults is applied to simulate the ground motion of the 12 October 1992, m _b = 5.9, Dahshour earthquake. The method includes discritization of the fault plane into certain number of subfaults, and a ω-squared spectrum is assigned to each of them. Contributions from all subfaults are then empirically attenuated to the observation sites, where they are summed to produce the synthetic acceleration time-history. The method is first tested against its ability of reproducing the recording at Kottamya station. The calibrated model is then applied to calculate the synthetics at a large number of grid points covering the area around the fault plane. Simulated peak values are subsequently used to produce the synthetic peak horizontal acceleration map for the area. We compare the peak horizontal acceleration with the attenuation laws proposed for Egypt as well as the macroseismic intensity map of the 1992 Dahshour earthquake. The peak horizontal acceleration contours estimated using the calibrated model are mostly consistent with the observed intensity values and evidences of strong ground motions. Our results encourage the application of the approach as a supplementary tool for site-specific strong ground motion prediction.     

宁洱6．4级地震强震动观测记录异常场地影响分析

“十五”期间建设并投入试运行的中国数字强震动台网云南区域台网有20多个强震动台站记录到宁洱6．4级地震产生的地面运动。但值得注意的是,位于实地考察得到的Ⅵ度以上烈度区内或者其附近的4个强震台站,从加速度峰值、速度峰值与烈度的对应关系来看,与实际震害现象反映出的烈度有一定差异。究其原因,地震动幅值的大小和震级的大小有着直接的关系,但同时也和地震波的传播途径及场地条件等因素有关。因此,从场地因素的角度出发,从覆盖土层、地形地貌和地质构造条件等方面对造成强震动记录值偏大的原因进行了调查分析。在此基础上,对今后云南地区地震动研究场地影响的考虑提出了一些思路和建议。     

SIMULATION OF STRONG GROUND MOTION IN AKETAO M6.7 EARTHQUAKE USING THEORETICAL GREEN'S FUNCTION

Aketao M6.7 earthquake on November 25, 2016 occurred in Aketao Country, Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Autonomous Region. In this paper, according to the focal mechanism solution, the geometrical parameters of the fault are used as input to simulate the acceleration records of the surrounding area of Aketao M6.7 earthquake on November 25, 2016 with the QSGRN/QSCMP program. The peak ground acceleration distribution is plotted by extracted peak ground accelerations and site condition correction. Comparison is carried out between the observed waveforms and the simulated waveforms in the time domain and the frequency domain of two strong motion stations. It is verified that the amplitudes of simulated and observed data are equal in magnitude, their calculated residuals are smaller in low frequency range and the spectral characteristics of simulated and observed data are consistent. Furthermore, the simulated peak ground acceleration corresponding to the coordinates of the actual survey points is extracted and compared with the survey spot intensity, and both have good correspondence. This paper attempts to provide a method for rapid output of peak ground acceleration distribution after an earthquake, so as to provide a method for estimating the seismic impact field in areas where the monitoring station is scarce, the topography is complex or it is difficult to implement the rapid earthquake disaster investigation. And it also provides supporting information for rapid assessment of earthquake disaster and emergency decision-making.     

对二滩水电站坝区场地地面运动的估计

本文以二滩地区为例,介绍如何结合地震危险性分析的结果,采用理论模拟方法估计工作地区近场强地面运动情况,为工程抗震设计提供必需的地面运动动力学参数。 文中采用理论方法计算剪切位错点源的格林函数;根据断裂动力学模型、近场地面峰值加速度衰减曲线和场地附近的加速度谱来标定震源模型;计算了若在坝区附近发生M_s=6.2级地震时场地的综合地震图、加速度傅氏谱和反应谱等。由理论模拟计算的峰值加速度衰减曲线和观测结果符合较好。在震中距为20km处的加速度谱的截止频率f_max与观测值相吻合（约为8 Hz左右）,相应的峰值加速度为211cm/s²,振动持续时间为3.4秒。     

山脊地形效应的强震动观测研究

根据强震动观测、实验研究与数值模拟结果表明,山脊地形对地震动具有显著影响.文章基于汶川地震主震及余震的三个地形效应观测台阵记录的三分量地震动加速度时程,经基线校正后计算得到各观测点的地面峰值加速度、峰值加速度比和反应谱比,分析山脊地形对地震地面运动的影响.结果表明:山脊地形对地震地面运动的影响显著,其地形地震效应随山脊地形的不同而变化,且地形效应具有方向性;水平向地形效应显著于垂直向;谱比是周期相关的,在所分析的周期范围内谱比不总是大于1．0.