伽师—阿图什6.7级地震阿图什地倾斜异常特征

１９９６ 年３ 月１９ 日新疆伽师—阿图什地区发生了６．７ 级强烈地震。震前阿图什地震台倾斜仪记录的中短期和短临前兆异常特征为：中短期趋势性异常的方向向背离震中的方向倾斜,持续了１３个月;震前两个月趋势异常出现短期恢复,之后加速异常;临震前５ 天异常快速恢复,并伴有观测值的临震突跳现象,地震发生在异常的恢复之中     

江苏地区中强以上地震应变,形变临震前兆异常特征

通过对江苏地区５次中强以上地震前应变,变形临震前兆异常的分析,结果表明,震前异常形态表现为应力应变值出现大幅度突跳、应变阶跃和固体潮畸变等,与５级以上地震对应较好,可作为本区中强地震短临预报的参考。     

震前地下水中硫化氢气体的短临前兆特征

本文以实际震例为依据,叙述了天山地震带中强地震前地下水中硫化氢气体的短临异常特征。以硫化氢气体为例,对地下气体的地震前兆机理进行了粗浅的讨论。指出中强地震前,硫化氢气体普遍出现短期异常变化,临震突变现象也比较清楚。硫化氢气体在短临异常阶段的特征具有动力过程(应力应变能的预释放)的突发性、气量增长的突变性和异常时间的短促性。文中还对前兆近场和前兆远场在不同孕震阶段中的受力状态和异常特征进行了分析。认为主破裂前的加速蠕滑和微破裂以及由此而产生的超声振动和低频形变波的传播是临震前地下水中硫化氢气、氡气和其他气体浓度普遍增高的主要原因。     

青海海西6．4级地震前临汾台石英摆及大地电场短临异常分析

通过分析青海海西6．4级地震前临汾台各项前兆资料,发现震前6天石英摆SN向记录到明显的前驱波现象;震前1天大地电场Ew向长、短极距比值出现明显突跳异常,震前2h记录到临震异常扰动信号。     

道孚6.9级地震与泸定台电阻应变仪的变化

本文分析了沪定台应变仪变化与道孚地震的相关性,认为应变仪在道孚震前有半年左右趋势异常,临震前有测数突跳,在孕震过程中有应变速率异常和主应力方向的改变。通过对震区一些其它前兆资料的对比分析,作者认为,泸定台应变仪变化,在一定程度上反映了道孚6.9级地震孕育过程中震源区及外围的应力应变状态。     

四川姑咱水氡突跳是临震异常吗?

前言 1976年8月16日松潘7.2级地震前6天,姑咱水氡出现了引人注目的单点突跳异常,四川省地震局据此对松潘7.2级地震作出了较好的临震预报;因此,姑咱台水氡的观测成果,引起了国内外地震界的关注。不少人以姑咱水氡单点突跳异常为依据发表了文章。笔者经过对原始观测数据的分析处理,认为姑咱水氡单点突跳变化不是地震前的临震前兆异常,而是观测中的一种随机误差。     

大地电场临震突变异常形态的初步研究

大震前的各种突跳性前兆是短临予报的标志,目前已经引起了国内外地震工作者的普遍重视。前兆异常的突变形态为研究将有助于排除各种干扰,正确地区分异常,较好地做好时间、地点和震级方面的予报。对于已经观测到的各种临震突跳性前兆,目前还没有一种比较     

重庆地震台地倾斜观测资料分析

分析了重庆地震台地倾斜观测资料,结合重庆辖区内10多年来的地震活动,提取地倾斜观测异常,为地震预测提供前兆参考。资料分析认为:对于发生在震中距为80~120km的5.0级以下地震,地倾斜观测地震异常少;5.0级以上的地震,地倾斜观测有异常记录,地震中期异常往往表现为震前几个月倾斜量的较大幅度变化,短期异常多数表现为震前差分值的低值变化(在均值附近变化,幅值较小,持续时间20d左右),部分表现为差分值震前突跳,临震异常主要是震前几天短周期波动变化。     

1976年11月7日盐源—宁蒗6.7级地震的前兆异常特征

盐源—宁蒗６．７级地震具有较丰富的前兆异常。前兆异常具有长、中、短、临的阶段性；在时间分布上成批出现，在空间分布上集中在几个小范围内出现。趋势性异常分期分批，在几个小范围内出现。临震异常呈突发性的脉冲式突跳或大幅度的阶跃状的突变，出现的时间均在震前一个月，平均异常时间为１４天。震前半个月在震中区附近观测异常相对密集。     

鲜水河断裂带跨断层形变中短期强震预测指标研究

通过对鲜水河断裂带跨断层短水准、短基线资料的分析研究,系统地提取测区内外5.5级以上地震前跨断层形变前兆异常特征,并作详细的整理、分析,综合得出监测区及附近中短期强震预测指标及预报方法。其结果显示:跨断层形变观测资料大多在震前1～3年出现异常,其异常表现形式以断层活动停滞、反向、突跳为主,震前半年左右异常发育至最高,临震前有明显回落,其前兆意义较为明确;水平形变测量的预测成功率高于垂直形变测量。     

Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.     

Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in     

Arsenic — a Review. Part I: Occurrence,Toxicity, Speciation,Mobility

In natural waters arsenic concentrations up to a few milligrams per litre were measured. The natural content of arsenic found in soils varies between 0.01 mg/kg and a few hundred milligrams per kilogram. Anthropogenic sources of arsenic in the environment are the smelting of ores, the burning of coal, and the use of arsenic compounds in many products and production processes in the past. A lot of arsenic compounds are toxic and cause acute and chronic poisoning. In aqueous environment the inorganic arsenic species arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are the most abundant species. The mobility of these species is influenced by the pH value, the redox potential, and the presence of adsorbents such as oxides and hydroxides of Fe(III), Al(III), Mn(III/IV), humic substances, and clay minerals.     

Calendar of events

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Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.     

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION(IRTCES)

正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and     

Dynamic process-response model of river channel development

Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.