安徽省地电阻率台址电性结构特征参数的初步分析

依据电测深资料,计算研究安徽省合肥、肥东、蒙城3个地电阻率台站的电性结构特征参数:干扰系数α、γ和异常系数β.讨论不同电性结构、不同极距、不同测线下特征参数的变化速率及相互之间的比例关系.研究结果表明,特征参数可以直观反映台址不同极距下的抑制干扰能力和映震能力,并对提升观测效能具有一定的指导意义.     

三层倾斜电性层模型的电测深曲线反演

本文根据对三层倾斜电性层模型的电测深曲线反演结果,解释了地电台址的电测深曲线的复杂性,对如何较精确地确定各电性层的埋藏深度作了探讨。     

基于Matlab的一维电测深正反演可视化软件设计

基于Matlab设计一款一维电测深正反演可视化软件，主要包括正演拟合、直接反演和影响系数计算等功能。该软件界面简洁友好，反演速度快，结果误差小。该软件的使用，可为科研工作提供更加可靠的电性结构模型。     

1920年海原8.5级地震震中区地电阻率各向异性研究

通过海原8.5级地震震中区环行电测深研究,发现在断层破碎带有明显的电阻率各向异性,垂直断层走向呈现明显的高电性,断层走向呈现明显的低电性.根据电性差异讨论了断层地表的变形特征.研究结果表明：环形电测深工作,对研究地面附近地层物性变化有重要意义.     

郯庐断裂带安丘、莒县电磁台 地壳电性结构研究

郯庐断裂带中段的沂沭断裂带发生过多次中强地震,其结构复杂,是地震研究者重点关注的区域。山东安丘和莒县电磁台都具有综合地电场和地磁场观测,两台分别位于沂沭断裂带内的安丘-莒县断裂和昌邑-大店断裂上。山东无棣电磁台位于郯庐断裂带西侧,属冀东-渤海断块,距安丘台230km,但此前未曾对该台站的地壳深部电性结构进行过探测研究。文中利用大地电磁测深方法(MT)对这3个电磁台站及其附近区域的探测数据进行研究,结果表明,3个台站的地壳电性结构有明显的差别,分别与台站区域地质构造及其地震活动性存在对应关系。在每个台站及其附近的4个测点分别得到优良的视电阻率和阻抗相位等数据,经过一维和二维反演,获得了3个台站的地壳深部电性结构,并可与直流对称四级电阻率测深法得到的近地表的电性结构进行对比。无棣台及其附近具有稳定地块的成层性地壳深部结构,而安丘和莒县电磁台分别具有复杂的地壳电性结构,呈现出活动地块边界带的结构特点。安丘台和莒县台附近区域可分别以安丘-莒县断裂和昌邑-大店断裂为界,将地壳电性结构分成2部分,在断裂西侧即郯庐断裂带内部的中下地壳低阻层更发育,昌邑-大店断裂西侧的低阻体可能含丰富的流体,在区域的地震孕育发展过程中起着重要作用。     

关于层状介质视电阻率响应系数的研究

本文从水平层状介质的电法理论出发,定义了电性层的响应系数S_i,并指出:S_i代表各层电阻率的变化对△ρs/ρs贡献的“权”,同时还给出了二层、三层和深埋电极时S_i的计算公式和部分计算结果,着重讨论了电性结构对表层响应系数S_1和底层响应系数S_n的影响。最后以此理论讨论了九个地电台站的具体情况。根据理论和实际资料的分析,得出以下几点结论: 1)从电性上,台址最佳观测条件是:表层响应系数S_1=0;底层响应系数S_n=1。2)台址的表层电阻率ρ_1高一些,底层电阻率ρ_3低一点,比较接近最佳观测条件。但各层电阻率之间的搭配关系需有一定范围,过高或过低的值都会偏离最佳观测条件。3)仅仅以电性剖面类型区分台址电性条件的优劣是不完善的,最好通过具体计算S_1来评判。     

宝昌地震台地电阻率电性结构特征

使用高密度电法和电测深法，对内蒙古宝昌地震台地电阻率场地进行实地测量，获得该场地电性结构特征参数，判定该台地电测区结构属于KH型，并结合钻孔柱状图，获得该台地下介质水平层状电性结构模型，发现地层厚度呈不均匀分布，总体较为连续、完整，可为今后该台地电阻率异常提取、异常识别及观测精度提高等提供基础数据。     

甘肃省地电台址条件研究

本文着重分析讨论了甘肃省内十五个地电台站的岩性条件、覆盖层岩性及厚度的影响、水文地质条件及电性条件,並从物理机制上对温度给予电阻率的影响进行了粗浅的分析,认为用电测深法定期监测震源深度的电阻率变化反应震源区地温度化是予报地震的有效手段。在地电研究室其他同志的配合下作者对省内大多数台站作了垂向电测深工作,並着重对嘉峪关台老布极区作了电测剖面,解释了该台原布极道电阻率年变化与地下水形态成反常关系的原因。作为对上述讨论的台址条件的检验与印证,文章对历年来在地电台站附近发生的258个地震与电阻率异常对应关系作了统计和分析。並综合评述了省内地电台站台址条件的优劣状态。     

电阻率测深在地电异常判定中的应用

塘沽台NS方向地电阻率观测值在观测极距缩短后出现大幅度上升变化，为了判断此变化的性质及其产生的可能原因，开展了多次恢复原极距的对比观测。并依据该台已有的电测深资料，对此变化进行了最佳拟合的理论反演计算。经比测及反、正演计算结果分析，认为该台NS方向大幅度的上升变化其主要原因与台站观测极距缩短有关，可能是随观测极距的缩短，受浅部电性结构层影响增大，而与深部电性结构无关，因而这一变化不具有震兆意义。     

电测深曲线二维反演技术及应用

本文对应用有限元及阻尼最小二乘法进行电测深二维反演解释技术做了进一步的研究。在区域网格剖分方法、有限元系数矩阵的合成、雅可比矩阵的计算及法方程的解法等方面进行了改进。由此在微机和工作站上设计了程序软件，经过对理论电测深曲线及实测电测深曲线进行的二维反演解释，结果表明，在微机和工作站上实现的二维反演解释软件可以用于实际测深资料的解释。     

Disturbances in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">F</Emphasis>2 region critical frequency before the earthquake of September 11, 2008 off the coast of Hokkaido,Japan, and during a moderate magnetic storm based on data from ground-based vertical ionosphere sounding stations

Based on data from ground-based vertical sounding stations, the behaviors of the ionosphere F region before a strong M 6.8 earthquake off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan, and during the moderate magnetic storm before this earthquake are compared. It was found that the critical frequency of the ionosphere F region (foF2) above the Wakkanai ground-based ionosphere vertical sounding station, which was located in the preparation zone of this earthquake, suffered a long-term disturbance of slightly more than an hour nearly half a day before the earthquake. The magnitude of earthquake-induced disturbance is comparable to that caused by a magnetic storm.     

延庆台地电阻率铁质干扰的有限元模拟

近年来延庆台地电阻率观测多次出现因环境干扰而引起的较为显著的异常变化，尤其是观测环境中铁质干扰源对地电阻率观测的幅度和形态的影响.本文依据台站测区地下高密度电性结构剖面和电测深结果建立了三维数值模型，分析了几种铁质对延庆台地电阻率观测的影响幅度和形态，结果表明，在扣除地电阻率基准值后，干扰幅度和形态与实际观测值的异常变化较吻合，从而从数值分析的角度确定了地下铁质对延庆地电阻率观测的干扰.      

金属大棚对周口台地电阻率干扰定量分析

周口地电阻率观测2015年出现异常变化,因异常期间该台场地存在较多干扰源。为正确评价该次异常,在电测深结果的基础上建立三维数值模型,采用有限元数值计算,定量评估该台测区周围金属蔬菜大棚等干扰源对地电阻率观测的影响量。结果表明:金属大棚可能是周口台本次地电阻率异常的主要影响因素。     

POISSON'S RATIO VARIATIONS OF CRUSTAL MEDIA BEFORE AND AFTER XINYUAN-HEJING MS6.6 EARTHQUAKE IN 2012

We analyzed the variation characteristics of Poisson's ratio in crustal media from January 2009 to December 2012 at 11 fixed seismic stations(for station SCH, it is from January 2006 to December 2012)within an epicenter distance of 200km of the Xinyuan-Hejing M_S6.6 earthquake in Xinjiang on June 30, 2012 using the methods of P wave receiver functions, H-κ stacking of receiver functions, and time sliding window, and obtained the following conclusions: (1)The crustal media's Poisson ratio of five stations in an epicenter distance less than 130km showed a significant and long-lasting decline about 2~3 years before Xinyuan-Hejing M_S6.6 earthquake. Taking the crustal Poisson ratio mean value as reference, the decrease ranges between 0.003 and 0.014, the decrease in 4 stations are more than twice the mean error. The variations of the Poisson's ratio in crust are characterized by "V" shape or "double V" shape. Earthquakes occur at the end of the formation of "V" shape. After the occurrence of earthquakes, the Poisson's ratio continues to rise. The earliest initial fall appeared in July 2009 at WUS station which has the minimum epicentral distance(77km). The Poisson ratio of the crustal media of 6 stations with epicentral distance more than 150km fluctuated up and down around the mean value, and there is no significant decline or persistent low value. (2)We analyzed the arrival-time variations of the quasi-repetitive receiver functions Ps converted wave(t_Ps)of the 3 stations WUS, SCH and XNY and found that the travel times of Ps converted waves became smaller in the crust before the earthquake and increased after the earthquake. (3)Through the comprehensive analysis on the descending process, decline ranges, variations process, duration of Poisson' ratio, the Ps converted waves arrival time variations, the original time of earthquake, and the number of stations, it is inferred that the cause for Poisson's ratio anomalous variations is the change of physical properties of crustal media in the process of earthquake preparation and occurrence. Since the variation characteristics of crustal media may be related to the earthquake magnitude, the size of seismogenic area, the medium properties under stations, and the focal distance, whether the medium variation characteristics exist before and after Xinyuan-Hejing M_S6.6 earthquake will need more earthquake cases analyses. (4)The H-κ stacking of receiver functions is used to calculate the velocity ratio. Because P-wave velocity is given, this method can only be applied when the Ps converted wave velocity of Moho surface of receiver functions changes before an earthquake. With the application of receiver functions to the analysis of more earthquake cases, we can gain more insights into the variation of crustal medium parameters during the seismogenic process. This observation indicates that the receiver function method may become a new approach to detect the Poisson's ratio change of the crustal media before strong earthquake under the condition of high seismic network density.     

井下地电阻率观测中地表电流干扰影响计算

本文把地电阻率台站地下介质简化为水平三层均匀介质模型,以点电流模拟地表干扰电流,针对对称四极观测装置,计算了在不同电性结构中的不同深度观测时,地表电流干扰源对对称四极装置地电阻率观测的影响,计算得到:地表干扰源对电阻率观测的影响取决于电性结构的类型和层参数、供电电极和测量电极的埋深以及避开干扰源的距离.本文研究结果对实施井下电阻率观测中台址电性结构的选择、电极埋深、干扰源避让距离等有参考意义.     

AN EVALUATION METHOD FOR GEOMAGNETIC DEEP SOUNDING,ITS DERIVATION AND PRACTICAL USE*

The derivation and application of a new method of geomagnetic deep sounding, that is exploring for underground electrical conductivity anomalies by means of temporal variations of the earth's magnetic field, is presented. The problem is restricted to two dimensions (horizontal and vertical) and for the case of a nearly homogeneous horizontal component of the disturbance vector as compared with the vertical over the area in question. The basis of the method is a relationship between both components of the disturbance vector. The first step is a period analysis of the records and from this the construction of so called “characteristic functions”, one for each station, these functions being determined by the conductivity distribution of the earth's interior. The second step consists of a model interpretation of these functions. The method is applied to simultaneous records from five stations (U. Schmucker, 1959) within the region of the conductivity-anomaly of Northern Germany. A preliminary model of this anomaly is given.     

锦州台电离层斜向探测系统运行概况及故障排除

锦州地震台的电离层斜向探测系统于2009年4月安装并运行,是首都圈地震电离层前兆监测试验网探测站全国20个站点之一。辽宁地区共有三个电离层斜测站,本文主要对锦州台电离层斜向探测系统四年多以来的运行情况及发生故障后的解决方法进行总结。